pengaruh insentif terhadap kinerja tenaga peneliti

8/2/2019 PENGARUH INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA PENELITI

1/117

R@EDHSPG KEV@EQKO

Q@SGHAHR MKE@SNH Q@EHDH R@E@JKQK

Vmskrvk

Akhnpmhe Peqpm I`j`edmhrk R`sv{hshqhe I`enhak Vhsnheh Q`mekm

Rsldshi Vqpak Q`mekm Keapvqsk

Lj`g >

V P T H S E L

ESR% 324% 180% 261

NPSPVHE Q@MEKM KEAPVQSK

OHMPJQHV Q@MEKM

PEK_@SVKQHV R@ICHEDPEHE EHVKLEHJ _@Q@SHE

NHMHSQH


2/117

3288

R@EDHSPG KEV@EQKO Q@SGHAHR MKE@SNH

Q@EHDH R@E@JKQK

Vmskrvk kek akhnpmhe peqpm i`j`edmhrk vhjhg vhqp v{hshq i`enhak Vhsnheh Q`mekmRsldshi Vqpak Q`mekm Keapvqsk

Akvpvpe Lj`g >

Ehih > VPTHSEL

Elils Rlmlm > 324% 180% 261

RSLDSHI VQPAK Q@MEKM KEAPVQSK 'V)8+

OHMPJQHV Q@MEKM

PEK_@SVKQHV R@ICHEDPEHE EHVKLEHJ _@Q@SHE NHMHSQH


3/117

NPEK* 3288

R@SE[HQHHE M@HVJKHE VMSKRVK

Vh{h {hed c`sqheah qhedhe ak chthg kek iè{hqhmhe aèdhe v`vpeddpge{h chgth

vmskrvk aèdhe npapj >

R@EDHSPG KEV@EQKO Q@SGHAHR MKE@SNH

Q@EHDH R@E@JKQK

[hed akcphq peqpm i`jèdmhrk r`sv{hshqhe iènhak Vhsnheh Q`mekm rhah Rsldshi

Vqpak Q`mekm Keapvqsk Pek`svkqhv Rìchedpehe Ehvklehj _`q`she Nhmhsqh* v`nhpg

{hed vh{h m`qhgpk cpmhe i`sprhmhe qksphe hqhp aprjkmhvk ahsk vmskrvk {hed vpahg

akrpcjkmhvkmhe hqhp r`sehg akrhmhk peqpm ièahrhq d`jhs vhsnheh ak jkedmpedhe

Pek`svkqhv Rìchedpehe Ehvklehj _`q`she Nhmhsqh ihprpe ak r`sdpsphe qkeddk

hqhp kevqhevk ihehrpe* m`fphjk chdkhe {hed vpic`s keolsihvke{h akfheqpimhe

v`chdhkiheh i`vqke{h%

Nhmhsqh* Npek 3288

V p t h s e l

Elils Rlmlm > 324%180%261


4/117

J@ICHS R@ED@VHGHE

Q`jhg akr`skmvh ahe akv`qpnpk lj`g Alvè Rìckicked Vmskrvk peqpm akhnpmhe

Rshvkahed,Vkahed

Ehih > Vpthsel

Elils Rlmlm > 324%180%261

Ohmpjqhv > Q`mekm

Rsldshi Vqpak > Q`mekm Keapvqsk

Npapm > Rèdhspg Kevèqko Q`sghahr Mke`snh Qèhdh Rè`jkqk

Nhmhsqh* I`k 3288

Rìckicked

' As Ks% Sàh Sk~hj* I%Vk +

Ièd`qhgpk >

M`rhjh Rsldshi Vqpak

' Ks% Vpdèd Rsh{kqel+

kkk


5/117


6/117

J@ICHS R@SV@QPNPHE

R@EDHSPG KEV@EQKO Q@SGHAHR MKE@SNH Q@EHDHR@E@JKQK

Vmskrvk kek akhnpmhe peqpm i`jèdmhrk r`sv{hshqhe mpskmpjpi Rsldshi Vqpak Q`mekmKeapvqsk Pek`svkqhv Rìchedpehe Ehvklehj _`q`she Nhmhsqh dpeh iìr`slj`g

d`jhs Vhsnheh Q`mekm* ahe ahrhq akv`qpnpk v`sqh akq`skih v`q`jhg i`jhjpk pnkhe vkahed

ahe r`schkmhe {hed akr`sjpmhe%

Nhmhsqh* Npek 3288

Rìckicked

As Ks% Sàh Sk~hj* I%Vk

Ièd`qhgpk >M`rhjh Rsldshi Vqpak

Ks% Vpdèd Rsh{kqel


7/117

J@ICHS R@ED@VHGHE

Vmskrvk aèdhe npapj >

Rèdhspg Kevèqko Q`sghahr Mke`snh QèhdhRè`jkqk

Vmskrvk kek akhnpmhe peqpm i`jèdmhrk r`sv{hshqhe mpskmpjpi Rsldshi Vqpak Q`mekm

Keapvqsk Pek`svkqhv Rìchedpehe Ehvklehj _`q`she Nhmhsqh dpeh iìr`slj`g

d`jhs Vhsnheh Q`mekm* ahe ahrhq akv`qpnpk v`sqh akq`skih v`q`jhg i`jhjpk pnkhe vkahedahe r`schkmhe {hed akr`sjpmhe%

Nhmhsqh* Npek 3288

Rìckicked

As Ks% Sàh Sk~hj* I%Vk

Ièd`qhgpk >M`rhjh Rsldshi Vqpak

Ks% Vpdèd Rsh{kqel


8/117

R@EDHSPG KEV@EQKO Q@SGHAHR MKE@SNH Q@EHDHR@E@JKQK

Akr`svkhrmhe ahe akvpvpe lj`g >

Ehih > Vpthsel

ESR > 324%180%261

Q`jhg akr`sqhghemhe akghahrhe Mlikvk Rèdpnk Npspvhe Q`mekm Keapvqsk rhah qheddhj

30 Npek 3288 ahe ake{hqhmhe q`jhg iìèpgk v{hshq peqpm akq`skih%

R`sv`qpnphe Mlikvk Rèdpnk

El% Nhchqhe Ehih Qheah Qhedhe

8% M`qph Ks% Vpdèd Rsh{kqel %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

3% Heddlqh Ks% Vpjkvqklel* I%Vf %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

6% Heddlqh As% Ks% Sàh Sk~hj* I%Vk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Nhmhsqh* Npek 3288

Ièd`qhgpk >

M`rhjh Rsldshi Vqpak

Ks% Vpdèd Rsh{kqel


9/117

HCVQSHM

R`smìchedhe apekh skv`q ak Keale`vkh c`snhjhe jhichq nkmh

akcheakedmhe aèdhe skv`q ak che{hm e`dhsh I`jkghq ahsk opedvk skv`q {hed

vhedhq vqshq`dkv chdk mìhnphe vphqp chedvh* vpahg v`ghspve{h rì`skeqhg

iìrsklskqhvmhe r`smìchedhe skv`q akvhirked apekh rèakakmhe Mleakvk

v`sprh npdh q`snhak rhah skv`q ckahed r`sqhghehe I`jìhge{h rlvkvk qhths

Keale`vkh ahjhi r`sfhqpshe r`sdhpjhe apekh keq`sehvklehj che{hm akrèdhspgk

lj`g mìhirphe r`sqhghehe e`dhsh {hed mkqh ikjkmk Hjpqvkvqh {hed akikjkmk QEK

v`jhih kek ih{lskqhv i`sprhmhe rèdhahhe ahsk jphs e`d`sk Ahsk hvr`m

m`hihehe 'v`fpskq{+)rpe* Hjpqvkvqh q`sv`cpq skvmhe ahjhi rèdlr`shvkhee{h chdk

m`hihehe mhsèh e`dhsh rìcphq rhvqk ièd`qhgpk m`jìhghe ahe m`mphshedherslapm q`sv`cpq Lj`g mhsèh kqp m`cpqpghe peqpm v`d`sh ièdìchedmhe ahe

iìcphq vèaksk Hjpqvkvqh ak ahjhi e`d`sk iènhak v`cphg m`ghspvhe Ghj kek

akv`qpnpk lj`g rì`skeqhg ahe ARS peqpm ipjhk ièhqh pjhed vìph m`cknhmhe

q`smhkq aèdhe sèfheh q`sv`cpq ahe r`she skv`q r`sqhghehe ihenhak vìhmke

vqshq`dkv

Qpnphe rè`jkqkhe kek hahjhg peqpm ièd`qhgpk rèdhspg hskhc`j kevèqko

q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk ak Chjkqched Mìghe* Rè`jkqkhe kek

ièddpehmhe i`qlah pnk gkrlq`kvkv ahe ahqh akhehjkvkv aèdhe ièddpehmhe

hehjkvkv vqhqkvqkmh mls`jhvk ahe s`ds`vk Rìkjkghe vhir`j akjhmpmhe v`fhsh hfhm

ahsk 328 lshed npijhg rlrpjhvk r`dhthk Chjkqched Mìghe Ahqh hskhc`j

c`chv ahe q`skmhq akr`slj`g i`jhjpk hedm`q {hed akkvk jhedvped lj`g s`vrleaè 'e

9 42+ aèdhe iìc`skmhe vmls rhah v`qkhr nhthche s`vrleaè v`vphk aèdhe

vmhjh Jkm`sq

Ghvkj hehjkvkv ahqh ahe rèdpnkhe gkrlq`vkv iìcpmqkmhe chgth mls`jhvk

kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk ièdghvkjmhe mls`jhvk {hed vhedhq mphq

's 9 2*74;+ Vìèqhsh hskhvk 'mlòkvkè a`q`sikehvk+ hskhc`j q`skmhq mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk lj`g hskhc`j kevèqko v`c`vhs 72*0% Vìèqhsh hehjkvkv s`ds`vk

và`sgheh ièpenpmmhe chgth hskhc`j c`chv 'kevèqko+ iìc`skmhe rèdhspg

{hed vkdekokmhe q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk Chjkqched Mìghe

Mhqh mpefk > Kevèqko* Mke`snh* Qèhdh Rè`jkqk

kw


10/117

HCVQSHM














vqshq`dkv








vmhjh Jkm`sq








kw


11/117

HCVQSHM














vqshq`dkv








vmhjh Jkm`sq








kw


12/117

8

CHC K

R@EAHGPJPHE

8%8% Jhqhs C`jhmhed




iìrsklskqhvmhe r`smìchedhe skv`q akvhirked apekh rèakakmhe

Mleakvk v`sprh npdh q`snhak rhah skv`q ckahed r`sqhghehe

I`jìhge{h rlvkvk qhths Keale`vkh ahjhi r`sfhqpshe r`sdhpjhe

apekh keq`sehvklehj che{hm akrèdhspgk lj`g mìhirphe r`sqhghehe

e`dhsh {hed mkqh ikjkmk Hjpqvkvqh {hed akikjkmk QEK v`jhih kek ih{lskqhv

i`sprhmhe rèdhahhe ahsk jphs e`d sk Ahsk hvr`m m`hihehe 'v`fpskq{+)

rpe* Hjpqvkvqh q`sv`cpq skvmhe ahjhi rèdlr`shvkhee{h chdk m`hihehe

mhsèh e`dhsh rìcphq rhvqk ièd qhgpk m`jìhghe ahe m`mphshedhe

rslapm q`sv`cpq Lj`g mhsèh kqp m`cpqpghe peqpm v`d`sh ièdìchedmhe

ahe iìcphq vèaksk Hjpqvkvqh ak ahjhi e`d`sk iènhak v`cphg m`ghspvhe

Ghj kek akv`qpnpk lj`g rì`skeqhg ahe ARS peqpm ipjhk ièhqh pjhed

vìph m`cknhmhe q`smhkq aèdhe sèfheh q`sv`cpq ahe r`she skv`q

r`sqhghehe ihenhak vìhmke vqshq`dkv

Sòlsihvk ckslmshvk {hed akfhehedmhe lj`g rì`skeqhg

akihmvpamhe peqpm ièhqh pjhed qhqh m`jljh rì`skeqhghe {hed c`svkg


13/117

3

ahe c`stkchth v`gkeddh v`qkhr kevqkqpvk rì`skeqhg ahrhq iènhak

ckslmshvk {hed chkm* qshevrhshe ahe hmpeqhc`j 'dlla fllsrlshq`

dl`sehef`+ Vìph hvr`m rèqked ahsk hdèah q`sv`cpq akhqhv c`siphsh

rhah mìhirphe ahe m`vkhrhe Vpic`s Ah{h Ihepvkh 'VAI+)e{h

iènhthc qheqhedhe qpdhv {hed vìhmke mlirj`mv Qheqhedhe q`sv`cpq

ghspv akghahrk aèdhe i`jhmpmhe r`spchghe rhshakdih ahe r`schkmhe

ihehnìè rhah v`qkhr lsdhekvhvk* akiheh aèdhe ièìrhqmhe VAI

v`chdhk rsklskqhv Olmpv rìckehhe ihehnìè q`smhkq aèdhe rìckehhe

VAI

Olmpv rìckehhe Ihehnìè Vpic`s Ah{h Ihepvkh 'IVAI+

ghe{h ahrhq aktpnpamhe aèdhe iìc`skmhe ilahj,c`mhj chdk qèhdh

rè`jkqk peqpm ièkedmhqmhe mìhirphee{h v`gkeddh ahrhq akghshrmhe ak

ihvh a`rhe hmhe ièdghvkjmhe rslapmqkkqhv m`snh {hed qkeddk Che{hm

ohmqls {hed qpspq iìrèdhspgk qkedmhq rslapmqkkqhv m`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk

ahjhi lsdhekvhvk* chkm akmhsèhmhe ohmqls keq`sehj ihprpe `mvq`sehj*

q`qhrk q`qhr vhnh VAI ghspv iènhak qkqkm vèqshj rìckehhe ihehnìè

Mìèq`skhe R`sqhghehe 'Mìghe+ hahjhg kevqkqpvk rì`skeqhg

{hed akc`sk m`tèhedhe ahjhi ièèqpmhe m`cknhmhe ckahed r`sqhghehe

e`dhsh Mìèq`skhe kek i`sprhmhe kevqkqpvk {hed pekm* mhsèh akhthmk

lj`g r`svlekj ikjkq`s ahe qèhdh rè`jkqk aèdhe hqpshe rìckehhe r`svlekj

{hed c`scàh

V`vphk aèdhe R`shqpshe Ièq`sk R`sqhghehe 'R`sièghe+ Elils 8?

Qhgpe 3282 qheddhj 34 V`rqìc`s 3282 qèqhed Lsdhekvhvk ahe Qhqh


14/117

6

M`snh Mìèq`skhe R`sqhghehe akn`jhvmhe chgth Chahe Rè`jkqkhe ahe

Rèdìchedhe akvkedmhq Chjkqched hahjhg pevps rèapmped qpdhv ahe

opedvk Mìèq`skhe {hed c`shah ak chthg ahe c`sqheddped nhthc m`rhah

Ièq`sk Chjkqched akrkirke lj`g M`rhjh Chahe Rè`jkqkhe ahe

Rèdìchedhe akvkedmhq Mhchjkqched Chjkqched iìrpe{hk qpdhv

i`jhmvhehmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe rèdìchedhe 'jkqched+ ak ckahed

r`sqhghehe M`c`sghvkjhe vphqp lsdhekvhvk ahjhi r`jhmvhehhe qpdhv ahe

opedvke{h ahrhq akjkghq ahsk mphjkqhv mke`snh lsdhekvhvk q`sv`cpq* q`spqhih

mke`snh rhsh rè`jkqke{h

Ahsk ghvkj rèdhihqhe rè`jkqk* chgth mke`snh* rìckehhe mhsk`s ahe

mlir`qèvk qèhdh rè`jkqk ihvkg mpshed iìhahk C`c`shrh keakmhqls

pqhih {hed ahrhq akjkghq peqpm ièd`qhgpk mphjkqhv mke`snh rhsh rè`jkqk ak

Chjkqched Mìèq`skhe R`sqhghehe 'Mìghe+ {hkqp '8+ Mphjkqhv ghvkj

rè`jkqkhe ahe rèdìchedhe 'jkqched+= '3+ C`jpi q`shmsàkqhvke{h

mlir`qèvk rè`jkqk ak Chjkqched Mìghe= '6+ Sèahge{h ilqkhvk peqpm

i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe '1+ M`v`nhgq`shhe

Oèlièh {hed q`snhak v`jhih kek ak ahjhi lsdhekvhvk jkqched chgth

v`qkhr m`dkhqhe jkqched {hed vpahg akrsldshimhe v`jhjp akjhmvhehmhe

ghe{h v`chdhk v`cphg rsl{`m 'rsln`fq lskèqà+* v`gkeddh mphjkqhv ghvkj

jkqched v`qkhr qhgpee{h qkahm ièpenpmmhe hahe{h rèkedmhqhe mphjkqhv

Heddhshe jkqched {hed shqpvhe npqh chgmhe ikj{hshe sprkhg ghe{h

ièdghvkjmhe mlev`r)mlev`r {hed v`jhjp elsihqko Mlev`r)mlev`r {hed

elsihqko q`sv`cpq hrhckjh akdpehmhe v`chdhk chghe m`cknhmhe hmhe hihq


15/117

1

vpjkq peqpm akkirjìèqhvkmhe ak jhrhedhe* mhsèh m`cèhshe)m`cèhshe

ìrkskv {hed v`ghspve{h q`sj`ckg ahgpjp ghspv akpnk qkahm akjhmpmhe

v`gkeddh v`fhsh kjikhg vpjkq peqpm akr`sqheddped)nhthcmhe Sèahge{h

mphjkqhv ghvkj rè`jkqkhe ahe mphjkqhv rè`jkqk ak{hmkek hmhe iè{`chcmhe

mke`snh Lsdhekvhvk Jkqched {hed qpdhv rlmlme{h i`jhmvhehmhe jkqched

r`sqhghehe qkahm hqhp mpshed iìhahk

Vqheahsakvhvk mlir`qèvk qèhdh rè`jkqk ahjhi mleq`mv

rèdìchedhe aksk v`lshed qèhdh rè`jkqk 'keakkaphj+ ihprpe jìchdh

q`smhkq aèdhe che{hm hvr`m {hed iìrèdhspgke{h Akheqhsh che{hm

hvr`m q`sv`cpq {hed che{hm c`sgpcpedhe vhedhq `shq hahjhg ilqkhvk rhsh

rè`jkqk peqpm ahrhq v`fhsh mlevkvqè i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe

rèdìchedhe* q`smhkq ahjhi rèdìchedhe m`dkhqhe)m`dkhqhe kjikhg

v`r`sqk ièpjkv ak c`schdhk rpcjkmhvk ehvklehj ihprpe keq`sehvklehj*

v`chdhk ehsh vpic`s ahsk che{hme{h m`cknhmhe rì`skeqhg ihprpe v`mqls

vthvqh

Ilqkhvk rhsh rè`jkqk {hed sèahg npdh vhedhq c`sahirhm q`sghahr

mke`snh rhsh rè`jkqk ahe mke`snh Chjkqched Mìghe Iìhed ilqkhvk

c`shthj ahsk ahjhi aksk v`v`lshed* ehipe hmhe j`ckg chkm ilqkhvk rè`jkqk

akapmped aèdhe c`c`shrh ohmqls jhkee{h q`spqhih q`smhkq aèdhe

chdhkiheh ihehnìè ak qìrhq vk rè`jkqk c`m`snh ihirp iè{khrmhe

vqkipjpv chdk r`smìchedhe skv`q kqp vèaksk ihprpe r`shedmhq hqpshe ahe

m`cknhmhe q`spqhih q`smhkq aèdhe rèdìchedhe mhsks ahe j``j

m`v`nhgq`shhe {hed ahrhq akr`slj`g v`lshed rè`jkqk Rèdìchedhe aksk


16/117

0

v`lshed rè`jkqk ahrhq akr`slj`g aèdhe ièdkmpqk c`schdhk akmjhq ahe

olspi)olspi akvmpvk kjikhg v`sqh iìcpqpgmhe rslv`v {hed

c`sm`jhenpqhe

R`she lsdhekvhvk q`spqhih r`shedmhq m`cknhmhe ahe vkvqì rìckehhe

v`sqh m`cknhmhe rkirkehe npdh c`sr`she rèqked ahjhi prh{h

ièkedmhqmhe mìhirphe aksk rhsh rè`jkqk ahe hqilvoks rè`jkqkhe kqp

vèaksk Mè{hqhhe {hed hah ièpenpmmhe chgth r`smìchedhe cpah{h

skv`q ak Keale`vkh ihvkg nhpg ahsk ghshrhe ahe mpshed ièahrhq apmpedhe

ahsk rì`skeqhg* chkm ahsk hvr`m m`cknhmhe ihprpe apmpedhe heddhshe

Rhahghj rshv{hshq vphqp e`dhsh ahe chedvh {hed ihnp hahjhg iènhakmhe

skv`q ahe rèdìchedhe mlir`qèvk aksk v`chdhk rsklskqhv pqhih

rìchedpehe rhsh rè`jkqke{h Ohmqh {hed hah vhirhk vhhq kek chgth

hjlmhvk Heddhshe v`qkhr qhgpee{h chdk kevqkqpvk jkqched Mìèq`skhe

ihprpe Jìchdh Rì`skeqhg Ele Mìèq`skhe 'JREM+ qkahm r`sehg

i`j`thqk 8% ahsk Heddhshe {hed hah Ka`hje{h chgth v`qkhr m`cknhmhe

vqshq`dkv {hed hmhe akrpqpvmhe lj`g rì`skeqhg ihprpe vthvqh* q`spqhih

m`cknhmhe {hed iè{hedmpq m`rèqkedhe ihv{hshmhq pipi ghspv akhthjk

ahsk ghvkj rè`jkqkhe {hed gheahj ahe ahrhq akr`sqheddped nhthcmhe

Jhichqe{h r`smìchedhe rè`jkqkhe ak Keale`vkh npdh akrèdhspgk

lj`g cpah{h ihv{hshmhq mkqh v`fhsh pipi* q`spqhih cpah{h lsdhekvhvk

'ckslmshvk+ {hed j`ckg iìkjkg ghj)ghj rshmqkv {hed elqhcè` c`svkohq

nhedmh rèa`m Ghj {hed ièlenlj ahsk ihv{hshmhq mkqh hahjhg hahe{h

vphqp m`èddhehe peqpm c`srkmks iheqkm* vkvqìhqkm ahe shvklehj


17/117

?

Rhahghj peqpm ahrhq c`sqkeahm f`rhq ahe q`rhq v`sqh hmpshq* ihmh ghj

q`sv`cpq ghspv ipqjhm akikjkmk lj`g v`qkhr kevhe mlipekqhv jkqched Fhsh

c`srkmks q`sv`cpq i`sprhmhe ekjhk)ekjhk cpah{h ihv{hshmhq ila`se ahe

vhedhq rèqked peqpm akmìchedmhe ahjhi iènhthc qheqhedhe ihvh

a`rhe {hed vìhmke mlirj`mv Vpahg vhhqe{h mkqh mgpvpve{h hrhshqps

e`dhsh c`srkmks ahe c`m`snh v`fhsh rslo`vklehjkvi` Rslo`vklehjkvi`

hahjhg cèqpm mìhrhehe v`v`lshed* {hed qhirhm ahsk vkohq ahe vkmhr*

fhsh qkeahm v`vphk aèdhe mhrhvkqhve{h peqpm v`jhjp c`m`snh lrqkihj* npnps

ahe kvkle`s v`gkeddh vèheqkhvh ièpenpmmhe ghvkj mke`snh {hed q`schkm

Aèdhe ièdìchedmhe fhsh)fhsh c`srkmks mlevqspmqko ahe

iìhvpmmhee{h v`chdhk chdkhe ahsk cpah{h ak{hmkek hmhe iìr`sf`rhq

r`smìchedhe r`shahche ahe m`v`nhgq`shhe vphqp chedvh Aìkmkhe rpjh

ghje{h aèdhe rhsh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe ckslmshvk r`sjp aknhike

m`v`nhgq`shhee{h hdhs i`s`mh ahrhq c`m`snh lrqkihj* ihirp

ièdghvkjmhe mhs{h rè`jkqkhe {hed gheahj* qkahm iè{kirhed ahe c`shek

ièdpedmhrmhe m`cèhshe kjikhg v`sqh iènpenped qkeddk mla` `qkm

v`cphg rè`jkqkhe

Ahsk hvr`m m`v`nhgq`shhe rhsh rè`jkqk ak Chjkqched Mìghe vhhq

kek npdh mpshed iìhahk Vkvqì kevèqko {hed akc`sjhmpmhe v`jhih kek

qkahm akahvhsmhe rhah mlir`qèvk ahe c`che m`snh v`gkeddh q`sm`vhe

chgth rhsh rè`jkqk mpshed akghsdhk Vkvqì glelshskpi ahe,hqhp qhm`

gli` rh{ {hed akc`skmhe m`rhah heddlqh Chjkqched Mìghe ghe{h

akahvhsmhe hqhv rhedmhq ahe dljledhe v`sqh nhchqhe ak m`rlmnhhe* qkahm


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i`jkghq mlir`qè`vk ahe mleqskcpvk qèhdh rè`jkqk {hed c`svhedmpqhe

V`ghspve{h akvhirked ghm)ghm q`sv`cpq ak hqhv* qèhdh rè`jkqk {hed

c`smleqskcpvk vkdekokmhe ahjhi m`dkhqhe skv`q q`sv`cpq ghspv npdh

ièahrhqmhe kevèqko mgpvpv* v`gkeddh i`s`mh hmhe vìhmke q`silqkhvk

peqpm i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe aèdhe j`ckg chkm Rìckehhe ghm ahe

mhsk`s qèhdh rè`jkqk hmhe vhedhq rèqked ahe r`she i`s`mh vhedhq

vkdekokmhe chdk lsdhekvhvk

C`sahvhsmhe jhqhs c`jhmhed q`sv`cpq* rèpjkv ièflch iè`jkqk

ohmqls {hkqp rèdhspg kevèqko Hjhvhe rèpjkv peqpm iìkjkg vhjhg vhqp

ohmqls kek v`chdhk olmpv rhah rè`jkqkhe kek heqhsh jhke > mke`snh Chjkqched

Mìghe ahrhq akpmps ahsk mpheqkqhv ahe mphjkqhv rè`jkqkhe ahe

rèdìchedhe 'jkqched+ {hed akjhmpmhe r`s)qhgpee{h Jkqched q`sv`cpq

c`sghvkj nkmh akapmped lj`g mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk {hed ipirpek Peqpm

q`qhr iènhike q`qhr lrqkihje{h mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk r`sjp q`qhr

iènhdh ahe iìr`sqhghemhe ilqkhvk qèhdh rè`jkqk* akheqhshe{h

aèdhe iè`shrmhe m`cknhmhe rìc`skhe kevèqko v`chdhk tpnpa hqhp

cèqpm rèdghsdhhe 's`thsav+ q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk Lj`g

mhsèh kqp rèpjkv q`sqhskm peqpm i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe aèdhe npapj >

Rèdhspg Kevèqko Q`sghahr Mke`snh Qèhdh Rè`jkqk

8%3% Kaèqkokmhvk Ihvhjhg

C`sahvhsmhe jhqhs c`jhmhed ahe rèdhihqhe rèpjkv ak qìrhq

rè`jkqkhe v`jhih rèpjkv c`sakehv q`sdhichs c`c`shrh r`sihvhjhghe

v`chdhk c`skmpq >


19/117

7

h Jhichqe{h rè{`j`vhkhe rsl{`m skv`q {hed vpahg akrsldshimhe

ahe ghvkj m`snh rhsh qèhdh rè`jkqk npdh fèa`sped mpshed

iìphvmhe

c Ièpspee{h mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe Chjkqched

Mìghe

f M`cknhmhe)m`cknhmhe {hed qkahm mlevkvqè ahsk rkirkehe ak

Chjkqched Mìghe iè{`chcmhe q`snhake{h m`dhihedhe qèhdh

rè`jkqk ahe i`shvh m`snhe{h c`jpi j`rhv ahsk keq`sèvk 'mpshed

ièdà`rhemhe mhkahg kjikhg+

a Rèìrhqhe qèhdh rè`jkqk {hed mpshed v`vphk ahjhi m`dkhqhe)

m`dkhqhe skv`q {hed akjhmpmhe aèdhe mìhirphe ahe jhqhs

c`jhmhed rèakakmhe iè{`chcmhe rhsh qèhdh rè`jkqk qkahm

ihirp ièpenpmmhe mke`snh aèdhe chkm

` Mleqskcpvk qèhdh rè`jkqk i`shvh mpshed akghsdhk v`vphk aèdhe

m`qèqphe {hed c`sjhmp

8%6% Sphed Jkedmpr Ihvhjhg

Rè`jkqkhe kek akchqhvk rhah rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk ak Chjkqched Mìghe

8%1% R`spipvhe Ihvhjhg

C`sahvhsmhe rhah jhqhs c`jhmhed ahe kaèqkokmhvk r`sihvhjhghe ak

hqhv* ahrhq akspipvmhe c`c`shrh r`sihvhjhghe rhah rè`jkqkhe kek v`chdhk

c`skmpq > V`c`shrh c`vhs rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk


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ak Chjkqched Mìghe

CHC K R@EAHGPJPHE

Ahjhi rèahgpjphe kek {hed akchghv hahjhg ièdèhk jhqhs

c`jhmhed ihvhjhg* qpnphe rè`jkqkhe* rìchqhvhe ihvhjhg* i`qla`

rè`jkqkhe ahe vkvqìhqkmh rèpjkvhe

CHC KK JHEAHVHE Q@LSK

Rhah chc kek c`skvkmhe ièdèhk q`lsk)q`lsk {hed akdpehmhe

v`chdhk ahvhs rèèqphe jhedmhg)jhedmhg rì`fhghe ihvhjhg

{hed hmhe akm`snhmhe ahjhi chc v`jhenpqe{h

CHC KKK I@QLA@ R@E@JKQKHE

Ahjhi chc kek iìchghv ièdèhk jhedmhg)jhedmhg rè`jkqkhe

{hed hmhe akq`shrmhe ahjhi rì`fhghe ihvhjhg {hkqp i`qla`

rè`jkqkhe* rèdpirpjhe ahqh* rèdljhghe ahqh v`sqh q`mekm hehjkvkv

ahqh

CHC K_ R@EDPIRPJHE AHE R@EDLJHGHE AHQH

C`skvkmhe qèqhed rèdpirpjhe ahe rèdljhghe ahqh Ahqh {hed

akmpirpjmhe akljhg v`vphk aèdhe q`lsk)q`lsk v`sqh q`mekm hehjkvkv

ahqh {hed akdpehmhe Ahjhi ghj kek peqpm ièd`qhgpk ohmqls)ohmqls

{hed iìrèdhspgk mpshede{h mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk ak Chjkqched

Mìghe


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88

CHC _ M@VKIRPJHE AHE VHSHE

Ahjhi chc kek i`iphq m`vkirpjhe ahsk ghvkj hehjkvkv ahqh ahe

vhshe

AHOQHS RPVQHMH

JHIRKSHE


23/117

83

CHC KK

JHEAHVHE Q@LSK

3%8% Ihehnìè Vpic`s Ah{h IhepvkhRèd`sqkhe ihehnìè c`shvhj chghvh Keddskv ihehdìèq {hed

hsqke{h ièdhqps hqhp ièd`jljh Vàhedmhe ihehnìè vpic`s ah{h

ihepvkh iìrpe{hk rèd`sqkhe vphqp kjip {hed ièdhqps hqhp ièd`jljh

vpic`s ah{h ihepvkh peqpm ièfhrhk qpnphe q`sqèqp Ihehnìè

Vpic`s Ah{h Ihepvkh 'IVAI+ v`chdhk chdkhe ahsk ckahed ihehnìè

iìkjkmk r`shehe {hed vhedhq rèqked ahjhi ièfhrhk qpnphe lsdhekvhvk

Qkahm v`r`sqk ckahed jhkee{h* ihehnìè VAI iìkjkmk fhmprhe

r`sihvhjhghe {hed vhedhq mlirj`mv

388 Aòkekvk ahe R`she IVAI

C`c`shrh rèahrhq rhsh hgjk ihehnìè ièdèhk

rèd`sqkhe IVAI heqhsh jhke >

Ghvkcphe '3228* 84+ iìc`skmhe rèd`sqkhe ihehnìè

hahjhg kjip ahe vèk ièdhqps rìheohhqhe vpic`s ah{h ihepvkh

ahe vpic`s)vpic`s jhkee{h v`fhsh ò`mqko ahe òkvkè peqpm

ièfhrhk qpnphe q`sqèqp

Ihedmpe`dhsh '3228* 3+ iìc`skmhe rèd`sqkhe

ihehnìè vpic`s ah{h ihepvkh ahrhq akaòkekvkmhe vphqp

rèd`jljhhe ahe rèah{hdpehhe vpic`s ah{h {hed hah rhah

keakkap 'r`dhthk+


24/117

86

Vkhdkhe '3223* 83;+ iìc`skmhe rèd`sqkhe ihehnìè

vpic`s ah{h ihepvkh hahjhg Mlev`r)mlev`r {hed akdpehmhe

v`cdhk qkqkm qljhm c`srkmks ahe c`sqkeahm ahjhi i`spipvmhe

m`cknhmvhehhe {hed iè{hedmpq ihepvkh ahjhi lsdhekvhvk* v`sqh

rshmq`m)rshmq`m {hed akq`shrmhe* {hed iè{hedmpq m`gkaprhe

c`smhs{h ahjhi lsdhekvhvk

Ehthtk '3226* 03+ iè{hqhmhe chgth Ihehnìè

i`sprhmhe v`shedmhkhe rslv`v {hed q`saksk hqhv r`sèfhehhe

'rjheeked+* rèdlsdhekvhvkhe 'lsdhek~ked+* r`jhmvhehhe

'hfqphqked+* rèdhthvhe 'fleqsljjked+ ahe rèdheddhshe

'cpad`qked+

Vhivpake '322?* 80+ Ihehnìè i`sprhmhe c`m`snh

aèdhe lshed)lshed peqpm ièfhrhk qpnphe lsdhekvhvk aèdhe

r`jhmvhehhe opedvk)opedvk r`sèfhehhe 'rjheeked+*

rèdlsdhekvhvkhe 'lsdhek~ked+* rè{pvpehe r`svlehjkh hqhp

m`r`dhthkhe 'vqhooked+* rèdhshghe ahe m`rìkirkehe 'j`haked+*

ahe rèdhthvhe 'fleqsljjked+%

Ojkrrl v`r`sqk {hed akmpqkr lj`g Vsk Cpak Fheqkmh [pjk*

'3220* 8?+ iè{`cpqmhe chgth ihehnìè r`svlehjkh ahrhq

akrhghik ahsk aph mhq`dlsk opedvk {hkqp opedvk ihehnìè ahe

opedvk lr`shvklehj Opedvk ihehnìè ièdhfp rhah rslv`v

rjheeked* lsdhek~ked* aks`fqked ahe fleqsljked Vàhedmhe opedvk

lr`shvklehj i`jkrpqk m`dkhqhe rèdhahhe r`dhthk 's`fspkqièq+*


25/117

81

rèdìchedhe 'a``jlrièq+* mlirèvhvk 'flirèvhqkle+*

keq`dshvk 'keq`dshqkle+* rì`jkghshhe 'ihkeqèhef`+ ahe rìpqpvhe

gpcpedhe m`snh 'v`rhshqkle+%

Ièdkedhq IVAI i`sprhmhe chdkhe ahsk ihehnìè*

ihmh rèd`sqkhe IVAI ahrhq akvkirpjmhe v`chdhk c`skmpq >

Ihehnìè Vpic`s Ah{h Ihepvkh i`sprhmhe m`dkhqhe {hed

ièdhqps qèqhed fhsh rèdhahhhe qèhdh m`snh* i`jhmpmhe

rèdìchedhe* iìc`skmhe mlirèvhvk* keq`dshvk* rì`jkghshhe

ahe rìkvhghe r`dhthk i`jhjpk rslv`v)rslv`v ihehnìè ahjhi

shedmh ièfhrhk qpnphe lsdhekvhvk

Peqpm ièpenhed q`sfhrhke{h qpnphe lsdhekvhvk {hed

akghshrmhe* ihmh m`c`shahhe ahsk VAI ahrhq aklrqkihjmhe r`she

ahe opedvk vqshq`dkve{h V`fhsh pipi r`she IVAI ahrhq

akm`jlirlmmhe ahjhi qkdh r`she pqhih* {hkqp = 8+ r`she

haikekvqshvk* 3+ r`she lr`shvklehj ahe 6+ r`she vqshq`dkv 'Ihqgkv

hea Nhfmvle* 3222* 33+ Ihvked)ihvked r`she q`sv`cpq iìkjkmk

olmpv hqhp mlevèqshvk* sèqhed thmqp ahe nèkv m`dkhqhe {hed

c`scàh)càh

383 Qpdhv Rlmlm IVAI

C`c`shrh r`svlhjhe rèqked ahjhi rslv`v IVAI

iè{hedmpq > rèhskmhe qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv* ièd`jljh

r`sèfhehhe* s`mspqiè ahe v`j`mvk qèhdh m`snh* ièdìchedmhe

qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv* ièd`jljh lskèqhvk* r`jhqkghe ahe


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80

rèdìchedhe v`sqh r`sèfhehhe ahe rèdìchedhe mhsks

r`dhthk* iìr`sqhghemhe qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv*

ièd`jljh* rèhghehe ahe r`sdheqkhe* rèkjhkhe mke`snh*

mlirèvhvk ahe cèòkq ahe gpcpedhe qèhdh m`snh ahe

ihehnìè

[pjk '3220* 87+ v`r`sqk {hed q`sdhichs rhah Dhichs 8 ak

chthg iè{`cpqmhe chgth c`c`shrh r`svlhjhe rèqked q`smhkq

aèdhe rslv`v IVAI iè{hedmpq >

Vpic`s > [pjk* 3220 > 8;

Dhichs 3%8% Rslv`v Ihehnìè VAI

h Rèhskmhe qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv* ièd`jljh

r`sèfhehhe* s`mspqiè ahe v`j`mvk qèhdh m`snh

c Ièdìchedmhe qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv* ièd`jljh

lskèqhvk* r`jhqkghe ahe rèdìchedhe v`sqh r`sèfhehhe

ahe rèdìchedhe mhsks r`dhthk

R`sèfhehhe

VAI

R`jhqkghe ahe

Rèdìchedhe

V`j`mvkS`mspqiè

Vlvkhjkvhvk

Rslilvk* Qshevo`s*

Aìlvk ahe RGM

Rèkjhkhe

Rs`vqhvk m`snh


27/117

8?

f Iìr`sqhghemhe qèhdh m`snh {hed c`smphjkqhv* rèd`jljh

rèhghehe ahe r`sdheqkhe* rèkjhkhe mke`snh* mlirèvhvk

ahe cèòkq v`sqh gpcpedhe qèhdh m`snh aèdhe

ihehnìè

V`jhenpqe{h [pjk '3220* 8;)33+ ièn`jhvmhe qhghrhe rslv`v

ihehnìè VAI v`vphk vmìh ak hqhv v`chdhk c`skmpq >

h R`sèfhehhe VAI

R`sèfhehhe vpic`s ah{h ihepvkh i`sprhmhe

rslv`v akiheh ihehn`s iènhike chgth lsdhekvhvk

iìkjkmk npijhg ahe nèkv qèhdh {hed q`rhq ak qìrhq)

qìrhq {hed q`rhq 'skdgq ihe le qg` skdgq rjhf`+ ahe rhah

vhhq {hd q`rhq* {hed iìkjkmk mìhirphe peqpm

iè{`j`vhkmhe qpdhv)qpdhv {hed ièljled lsdhekvhvk

q`sv`cpq ièfhrhk vhvhshe)vhvhshe v`fhsh m`v`jpspghe

v`fhsh ò`mqko ahe òkvkè Ahjhi rèd`sqkhe rshmqkv* vìph

ihehn`s ghspv iìhvqkmhe chgth vìph r`m`snhhe ahjhi

hs`h qheddped nhthc i`s`mh v`jhjp akkvk aèdhe lshed)

lshed {hed c`smìhirphe {hed ahrhq i`jhmpmhee{h

v`fhsh q`rhq

c R`s`mspqhe R`dhthk

Rèhskmhe qèhdh m`snh i`sprhmhe vphqp rslv`v hqhp

qkeahmhe {hed akjhmpmhe lj`g r`spvhghhe peqpm

ièahrhqmhe qèhdh m`snh i`jhjpk c`c`shrh qhghrhe {hed


28/117

84

ièfhmpr kaèqkokmhvk ahe `hjphvk vpic`s)vpic`s

rèhskmhe qèhdh m`snh* ièèqpmhe m`cpqpghe qèhdh m`snh

{hed akr`sjpmhe* rslv`v v`j`mvk* rèìrhqhe ahe lskèqhvk

qèhdh m`snh Rèhskmhe qèhdh m`snh c`sqpnphe

iè{àkhmhe qèhdh m`snh {hed fpmpr hdhs ihehn`s ahrhq

iìkjkg mhs{hthe {hed iìèpgk mphjkokmhvk {hed i`s`mh

r`sjpmhe

f V`j`mvk

V`j`mvk hahjhg rslv`v peqpm iìphvmhe hrhmhg

fhjle {hed vpahg i`jhihs ahrhq akq`skih hqhp qkahm Ahjhi

mè{hqhhee{h* rslv`v v`j`mvk v`skedmhjk qkahm lc{`mqko

v`gkeddh c`sahirhm rhah mphjkqhv VAI lsdhekvhvk Rhsh

ihehn`s VAI ièddpehmhe rslv`v v`j`mvk peqpm

ièdhickj m`rpqpvhe rè`skihhe r`dhthk chsp Qpnphe

ahsk rslv`v v`j`mvk hahjhg peqpm iìkjkg r`dhthk {hed

flflm aèdhe r`m`snhhe ahe lsdhekvhvk Rhah ahvhse{h

v`j`mvk akjhmpmhe peqpm iìc`skmhe ihvpmhe chdk

lsdhekvhvk ahjhi shedmh ièahrhqmhe r`dhthk v`vphk

aèdhe m`cpqpghe lsdhekvhvk

a Vlvkhjkvhvk hqhp Lskèqhvk

V`q`jhg fhjle r`m`snh kqp akq`skih v`chdhk mhs{hthe

ahjhi r`spvhghhe* ihmh jhedmhg v`jhenpqe{h hahjhg

i`jhmpmhe lskèqhvk {hkqp rèdèhjhe r`m`snh chsp rhah


29/117

87

r`m`snhhe ahe lsdhekvhvke{h Jhedmhg kek akshefhed peqpm

ièdhmshcmhe r`dhthk)r`dhthk chsp aèdhe r`m`snhhe

i`s`mh* s`mhe m`snh i`s`mh ahe hvr`m)hvr`m mpefk ahsk

lsdhekvhvk v`fhsh m`v`jpspghe

J`ckg jhenpq* jhedmhg kek i`jkchqmhe prh{h iìr`sn`jhv

ikvk ahe mpjqps lsdhekvhvk* ièn`jhvmhe vhvhshe

rèdlr`shvkhe ahe ghshrhe r`m`snhhe* ièdmlipekmhvkmhe

m`cknhmhe ahe rslvàps ahe ièdkaèqkokmhvkmhe r`svlekj

mpefk

` R`jhqkghe ahe rèdìchedhe

Rsldshi r`jhqkghe 'qshkeked+ c`sqpnphe peqpm

iìr`schkmk rèdphvhhe v`chdhk m`q`shirkjhe ahe q`mekm

r`jhmvhehhe r`m`snhhe q`sqèqp peqpm m`cpqpghe v`mhshed*

vàhedmhe rèdìchedhe c`sqpnphe peqpm iè{khrmhe

r`dhthke{h vkhr iìhedmp nhchqhe q`sqèqp akihvh {hed

hmhe ahqhed Rèdìchedhe c`svkohq j`ckg jphv mhsèh

iè{hedmpq che{hm hvr`m v`r`sqk rèkedmhqhe ahjhi

m`kjiphe* ththvhe ahe mìhirphe* vkmhr v`sqh

m`rskchakhe Rsldshi r`jhqkghe ahe rèdìchedhe

c`sqpnphe heqhsh jhke peqpm ièpqprk dhr heqhsh

m`fhmhrhe r`dhthk aèdhe r`sikeqhhe nhchqhe* v`jhke kqp

npdh peqpm ièkedmhqmhe òkvkèvk ahe ò`mqkokqhv m`snh

r`dhthk ahjhi ièfhrhk vhvhshe qpdhv


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8;

Peqpm i`jhmvhehmhe rsldshi jhqkghe ahe rèdìchedhe*

ihehnìè gèahme{h i`jhmpmhe hehjkvkv qèqhed

m`cpqpghe* qpnphe* vhvhshe* v`sqh kvk ahe rskevkr c`jhnhs

q`sj`ckg ahgpjp hdhs r`jhmvhehhe rsldshi r`jhqkghe

qkahmjhg vkh)vkh Hdhs rskevkr c`jhnhs iènhak ràlihe fhsh

c`jhnhs* rsldshi gèahme{h c`svkohq rhsqkvkrhqko* s`j`he

ahe hjka* v`gkeddh iìpedmkemhe q`snhake{h qshevolsihvk

m`hgjkhe v`sqh iìc`skmhe pirhe chjkm qèqhed mìhnphe

r`v`sqh r`jhqkghe Ak jhke rkghm rèdìchedhe VAI

nhedmh rhenhed che{hm iìkjkmk iheohhq* ikvhje{h peqpm

ièdpshedk m`q`sdheqpedhe rhah rèhskmhe r`dhthk chsp*

iìc`skmhe m`vìrhqhe m`rhah r`dhthk jhih*

ièdheqkvkrhvk m`pvhedhe r`dhthk ahe r`srpqhshe qèhdh

m`snh

o Rèkjhkhe Rs`vqhvk

Peqpm i`jkghq hrhmhg mhs{hthe {hed akjhqkg ahe

akmìchedmhe kqp iìr`slj`g iheohhq ahsk hrh {hed

i`s`mh jhmpmhe* ihmh r`sjp akjhmpmhe `hjphvk hqhp

rèkjhkhe hqhv rs`vqhvk i`s`mh Rs`vqhvk m`snh 'nlc

r`solsihef`+ i`sprhmhe ghvkj m`snh v`fhsh mphjkqhv ahe

mpheqkqhv {hed akfhrhk lj`g v`lshed mhs{hthe ahjhi

i`jhmvhehmhe qpdhve{h v`vphk aèdhe qheddped nhthc

{hed akc`skmhe m`rhahe{h Qpnphe rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh


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32

hahjhg peqpm ièd`qhgpk hrhmhg mhs{hthe q`jhg c`m`snh

v`vphk aèdhe vqheahs)vqheahs {hed q`jhg akqèqpmhe

v`c`jpie{h Hrhckjh mhs{hthe q`jhg iìèpgk vqheahs

{hed akq`qhrmhe* ihmh mhs{hthekqp c`shsqk iìkjkmk

rs`vqhvk {hed chkm* aìkmkhe npdh v`chjkme{h

d Rslilvk* Qshevo`s ahe Aìlvk

Hrhckjh fhjle mhs{hthe vpahg akq`skih* akv`j`mvk

ahe akmìchedmhe v`sqh i`jhmpmhe rslv`v rèkjhkhe

{hed lc{`mqko* ihmh ihehn`s r`sjp ièdhihqk ahe

ièdkmpqk r`sd`shmhe i`s`mh ahsk qpdhv)qpdhve{h

R`stpnpahe ahe rskevkr lshed {hed q`rhq rhah nhchqhe {hed

q`rhq* chkm aèdhe nhjhe rslilvk* rèpspehe* rìkeahghe

ahe rìpqpvhe gpcpedhe m`snh 'RGM+ iìc`skmhe

iheohhq {hed c`vhs* chkm chdk lsdhekvhvk ihprpe

mhs{hthe Mhs{hthe hmhe i`shvh vèhed peqpm c`m`snh

mhsèh i`s`mh c`shah rhah rlvkvk {hed v`vphk V`chjkme{h*

rslapmqkkqhv hmhe vìhmke ièpspe ihehmhjh qpdhv)qpdhv

{hed akc`skmhe m`rhahe{h qkahm v`vphk aèdhe mìhirphe

{hed akikjkmk

3%3% Kevèqko

Kevèqko akihmvpamhe iìc`skmhe prhg m`rhah mhs{hthe,r`dhthk

r`dhthk cpmhe akahvhsmhe rhah `hjphvk nhchqhe* ehipe mhsèh hahe{h


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r`scàhhe rs`vqhvk m`snh Aèdhe aìkmkhe aph lshed mhs{hthe {hed

iìkjkmk nhchqhe vhih* ikvhje{h vpr`skvls 'rè{`jkh+ hmhe iè`skih

prhg {hed c`schah* mhsèh rs`vqhvk m`snhe{h c`scàh* i`vmkrpe dhnke{h

vhih R`scàhhe prhg q sv`cpq i`sprhmhe clepv mhsèh hahe{h rs`vqhvk

m`snh Rìc`skhe kevèqko q`sv`cpq akihmvpamhe peqpm iìr`sqhghemhe

rs`vqhvk m`snh mhs{hthe q`sv`cpq 'Vhivpake* 322?* 8;1+

C`c`shrh nèkv kevèqko ahrhq akm`jlirlmmhe v`chdhk c`skmpq >

'8+ Vkvqì rìch{hshee{h akprh{hmhe và`sgheh hdhs ipahgakièd`sqk ahe akgkqped lj`g mhs{hthe {hed c`svhedmpqhe

'3+ Prhg kevèqko {hed akq`skih cèhs)cèhs ahrhq ièhkmmhe ilqkhvk

m`snh i`s`mh v`gkeddh lpqrpq ahe òkvkèvk m`snhe{h npdh

ièkedmhq

'6+ R`jhmvhehhe rèdprhghe kevèqko gèahme{h fpmpr g`chq v`gkeddh

mhs{hthe {hed c`srs`vqhvk j`ckg q`sv`cpq fpmpr f`rhq rpjh

i`shvhmhe ekmihqe{h v`chdhk lshed {hed c`srs`vqhvk j`ckg

'1+ Rèèqphe vqheahs m`snh ahe vqheahs rslapmvk gèahme{h v`f`sihq

ipedmke* ahjhi hsqk qkahm q`sjhjp qkeddk v`gkeddh qkahm q`snhedmhp

lj`g pipie{h mhs{hthe hqhp qkahm q`sjhjp sèahg v`gkeddh lshed

c`srs`vqhvk j`ckg

'0+ C`vhse{h prhg elsihj aèdhe vqheahs m`snh r`s nhi gèahme{h

fpmpr i`shedvhed r`m`snh hqhp mhs{hthe peqpm c`m`snh j`ckg dkhq

Ièpspq rè`jkqkhe rhsh hgjk* rèèqphe c`vhse{h kevèqko {hed

akc`skmhe q`sihvpme{h npdh m`rhah pevps rkirkehe c`smkvhs heqhsh 02%)


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?2% ahsk dhnk cpjhehe Nèkve{h c`sihfhi)ihfhi heqhsh jhke clepv

rh{ièq 'rsìk+* vqlfm lrqkle 'ghm peqpm iìc`jk,ièahrhqmhe vhghi

rhah ghsdh q`sqèqp+ ahe rgheqli vqlfm rjhe 'akfhqhq v`chdhk

rì`dhed vhghi+ Rhah ahvhse{h vkvqì rèdprhghe kevèqko kqp

fpmpr chkm chdk kmjki m`snh vphqp lsdhekvhvk hqhp r`spvhghhe

'Vhivpake* 322?* 8;?+

Thjhprpe aìkmkhe q`qhr akshvhmhe m`vpjkqhe ahjhi

R`jhmvhehhee{h G`kanshfgihe v`r`sqk {hed akmpqkr lj`g Vhivpake

'322?* ;?)8;4+ q`sahrhq a`jhrhe ohmqls m`vpjkqhe q`sv`cpq v`chdhk c`skmpq >

'8+ Hjhq rèdpmps rs`vqhvk mhs{hthe c`jpi qèqp ahrhq c`sghvkj akcphq

v`fhsh q`rhq v`r`sqk {hed akghshrmhe* {hed thnhs ahe ahrhq

akq`skih

'3+ Hjhq rèdpmpshe ahe qpnphe r`spvhghhe ghspv q`smhkq `shq

'6+ Ahqh qèqhed rs`vqhvk m`snh mhs{hthe ghspv f`rhq ahe q`shqps

q`smpirpj v`qkhr ghsk

'1+ Vqheahs {hed akq`qhrmhe ghspvjhg iìrpe{hk qkedmhq m`vpjkqhe

{hed vhih peqpm v`qkhr m`jlirlm m`snh

'0+ Dhnk,prhg qlqhj rlmlm rjpv clepv {hed akq`skih ghspvjhg mlevkvqè

akheqhsh c`schdhk m`jlirlm r`m`snh {hed iè`skih kevèqko ahe

m`jlirlm {hed qkahm iè`skih kevèqko

'?+ Vqheahs rs`vqhvk ghspvjhg akv`vphkmhe v`fhsh r`sklakm aèdhe

hahe{h r`spchghe ahjhi rslvàps m`snh

'4+ Mìpedmkehe qheqhedhe ahsk rkghm v`skmhq r`m`snh ghspv vpahg


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akr`sgkqpedmhe aèdhe ihqhed

'7+ C`schdhk s`hmvk mhs{hthe q`sghahr vkvqì rèdprhghe kevèqko

{hed akq`shrmhe npdh ghspv akr`sgkqpedmhe mìpedmkehee{h

3%6% Mke`snh

368 Aòkekvk

Rèd`sqkhe mke`snh v`fhsh pipi ahrhq akmhqhmhe v`chdhk

c`vhse{h mleqskcpvk hqhp ghvkj {hed akfhrhk hmhe akc`skmhe r`dhthk

q`sghahr mìhnphe ahe r`smìchedhe hqhp vhvhshe)vhvhshe

lsdhekvhvk hqhp lsdhekvhvk akiheh kh c`m`snh

Mke`snh ahjhi lsdhekvhvk i`sprhmhe qheddped nhthc pqhih

v`lshed rkirkehe* akiheh rkirkehe iìcheqp r`dhthke{h hdhs

c`srs`vqhvk j`ckg chkm Rèkjhkhe mke`snh akjhmpmhe peqpm iìc`sk

qhgp r`dhthk hrh {hed akghshrmhe ihehnìè peqpm iìchedpe

rìhghihe {hed j`ckg chkm vhqp vhih jhke Rèkjhkhe ghspv

ièdèhjk rs`vqhvk v`sqh iìcphq sèfheh peqpm ièkedmhqmhe

mke`snh r`dhthk Vp{hak Rshtkslvèqlel '8;;;* 3+ ahjhi

cpmpe{h M`cknhmhe Mke`snh Mhs{hthe> Mkhq Iìchedpe

Lsdhekvhvk Ièn`jhed R`sahdhedhe C`chv Apekh ièdìpmhmhe

chgth R`solsihef` hqhp mke`snh hahjhg ghvkj m`snh {hed ahrhq

akfkrqhmhe lj`g v`v`lshed hqhp m`jlirlm lshed ahjhi vphqp

r`spvhghhe v`vphk aèdhe t`tèhed ahe qheddped nhthc ihvked)

ihvked ahjhi shedmh prh{h ièfhrhk qpnphe r`spvhghhe {hed

c`svhedmpqhe v`fhsh j`dhj* qkahm i`jheddhs gpmpi ahe v`vphk


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aèdhe ilshj ihprpe qkmh

Aèdhe aìkmkhe ahrhq akqhskm rlmlm)rlmlm rìkmkshe

chgth mke`snh hahjhg m`v`jpspghe pevps ahe rslv`v {hed q`srhap

ahjhi vphqp lsdhekvhvk* {hed akahjhie{h q`smheaped m`mghvhe

ihvked)ihvked keakkap* r`skjhmp r`dhthk ahjhi lsdhekvhvk hqhp

rljh m`snh v`fhsh m`v`jpspghe* rslv`v m`snh v`sqh ghvkj m`snh hqhp

q`sfhrhke{h qpnphe q`sqèqp

Ahjhi ghj kek v`cèhse{h q`sahrhq gpcpedhe `shq heqhsh

mke`snh r`slshedhe 'keakkaphj r`solsihef`+ aèdhe mke`snh

jìchdh 'kevqkqpqklehj r`solsihef`+ hqhp mke`snh lsdhekvhvk

'flsrlshq` r`solsihef`+% Aèdhe mhqh jhke ckjh mke`snh r`dhthk

chkm* ihmh mìpedmkehe c`vhs mke`snh lsdhekvhvk npdh chkm

Mke`snh v`v`lshed hmhe chkm ckjh akh iìrpe{hk m`hgjkhe 'vmkjj+

{hed qkeddk* c`svàkh mhsèh akc`sk dhnk hqhp prhg v`vphk aèdhe

r`snhenkhe* iìrpe{hk ghshrhe '`wr`fqhqkle+ ihvh a`rhe {hed

j`ckg chkm

Ièdèhk dhnk ahe hahe{h ghshrhe '`wr`fqhqkle+

i`sprhmhe ghj {hed ièfkrqhmhe ilqkhvk v`lshed r`dhthk {hed

c`svàkh i`jhmvhehmhe m`dkhqhe m`snh aèdhe mke`snh {hed j`ckg

chkm Ckjh v`m`jlirlm r`dhthk ahe hqhvhee{h iìrpe{hk

mke`snh {hed chkm* ihmh hmhe c`sahirhm rhah mke`snh r`dhthk

{hed jhke rpjh

Ahsk pshkhe ak hqhv ahrhq akvkirpjmhe chgth mke`snh


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r`dhthk hahjhg ghvkj m`snh {hed akfkrqhmhe r`dhthk peqpm

lsdhekvhvk c`sahvhsmhe rèd`qhgphe ahe mìhirphe {hed akikjkmk

v`vphk aèdhe t`tèhed ahe qheddped nhthc v`sqh ilqkhvk {hed

akikjkmk Hqhp aèdhe mhqh jhke mke`snh hahjhg ghvkj m`snh r`dhthk

{hed q`spmps hqhp r`scheakedhe heqhsh lpqrpq aèdhe kerpq

Vìèqhsh ièpspq C`sehake ahe Spvv`j ahjhi Vkhekrhs

'3222* ;1+ chgth mke`snh hqhp rs`vqhvk m`snh hahjhg ghvkj ahsk

opedvk r`m`snhhe hqhp m`dkhqhe q`sqèqp v`jhih vphqp r`skla`

q`sqèqp Rèahrhq akhqhv ièdkeakmhvkmhe chgth mke`snh

i`sprhmhe ghvkj rèd`jljhhe v`jpspg vpic`s ah{h okvkm rhah

hmqkkqhv m`snh v`v`lshed ihprpe lsdhekvhvk Vpic`s ah{h okvkm

q`saksk ahsk r`shjhqhe* chghe chmp* chghe rìcheqp ahe VAI

Vàhedmhe vpic`s ah{h ele okvkm c`sprh m`mphqhe rvkmkv hqhp

ièqhj {hed akikjkmk lj`g VAI akheqhshe{h mìhirphe*

m`f`sahvhe* m`v`ghqhe* akvkrjke* gpcpedhe m`snh* r`shqpshe

r`speahed)peahedhe* ihehnìè* lsdhekvhvk ahe jhke)jhke

363 Màpapmhe Mke`snh Ahjhi Vkvqì R`skjhmp Lsdhekvhvk

V`jhenpqe{h E`vqsli ahe Ahkv ahjhi Vprhsqkek '3224* 68)

63+ iè{hqhmhe chgth q`sahrhq gpcpedhe {hed n`jhv heqhs mke`snh

'r`solsihef`+* mìhirphe 'hckjkq{+ ahe ilqkhvk 'ilqkhqkle+

Chgth r`she {hed akihkemhe lj`g r`skjhmp lsdhekvhvk vhedhqjhg

rèqked

R`she q`sv`cpq rhah ahvhse{h q`saksk ahsk aph ohmqls {hkqp >


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'8+mìhirphe* {hed i`sprhmhe ghvkj keq`shmvk ahsk rèd`qhgpheahe m`q`shirkjhe= ahe '3+ ilqkhvk* {hed i`sprhmhe ghvkj keq`shmvk

ahsk vkmhr ahe m`hahhe m`snh Keq`shmvk heqhsh mìhirphe ahe

ilqkhvk i`sprhmhe rlqèvk v`v`lshed peqpm c`scphq ahe

rlqèvk v`v`lshed {hed c`skeq`dshvk aèdhe vpic`s ah{h

i`sprhmhe mke`snh 'jkghq Dhichs 33+

Ikjj`s NI v`r`sqk {hed akmpqkr lj`g Vprhsqkek '3224* 66+

iè{`cpqmhe chgth ohmqls)ohmqls {hed ahrhq ièapmped

rèfhrhkhe mke`snh {hmek jkedmpedhe m`snh 'èksleièq+ ahe

mhshmq`skvqkm r`dhthk 'r`svlehj fghshfq`skvqkfv+% Pevps)pevps

jkedmpedhe m`snh hahjhg m`v`vphkhe r`she 'slj`+* vpic`s ah{h

's`vlpsf`v+* ckickedhe 'dpkahef`+ ahe r`jhqkghe 'qshkeked+%

Vàhedmhe mhshmq`skvqkm r`dhthk i`jkrpqk mìhirphe 'hckjkq{+*

rèd`qhgphe 'meltjàd`+ ahe m`q`shirkjhe 'vmkjj+%

Ihehdìèqv Rgkjjlvlr{* _hjp`*

_kvkle* Ikvvkle* Dlvkv

Ls hek~hqkle Fpjqps`

J`ha`svgkr* Fliipekfhqkle

Dslpr A{hehikf

Xphjkq{ lo Tlsm Jko` 'XTJ+

Ilqkhqkle

Olsihj

Lsdhek~hqkl

Keolsihqkle

Lsdhek~hqkl Vlfkhj

@eksleièq

Lpqfli`

. R`solsihef`

. @irjl{`` vhqkvohfqkle

. R`svlehj Dsltqg hea

A``jlrièq

Vpic`s > E`vqsli ahe Ahkv ahjhi Vprhsqkek '3224* 68)63+


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Dhichs 3%3% Màpapmhe Mke`snh Ahjhi Vkvqì R`skjhmp Lsdhekvhvk

366 Pmpshe)pmpshe Akièvk M`snh

Vprhsqkek '3224* 60)6?+ ièn`jhvmhe chgth pmpshe

akièvk m`snh chkm mphjkqhv mpheqkqhv m`snh* thmqp ahe m`snhvhih

i`jkrpqk >

h Xphjkq{ lo tlsm

8+ rìhghihe ahe rèdphvhhe qpdhv3+ m`cpqpghe q`sghahr kevqs{pmvk ahjhi r`jhmvhehhe

qpdhv

6+ mìhirphe ahjhi ièìpmhe ahe iì`fhgmheihvhjhg

1+ m`q`jkqkhe ahjhi r`jhmvhehhe qpdhv0+ òkvkèvk thmqp* qèhdh ahe ckh{h ahjhi

r`jhmvhehhe qpdhv

?+ m`q`mpehe ahe màkvkrjkehe ahjhi r`jhmvhehheqpdhv

4+ kekvkhqko7+ vkmhr q`sghahr qpdhv;+ mìhirphe ahjhi c`m`snh vèaksk82+ qheddped nhthc ahjhi i`jhmvhehmhe qpdhv88+ m`rìkirkehe83+ m`fhmhrhe ahjhi ièddpehmhe r`shjhqhe m`snh


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86+ mìhirphe ahjhi iìr`schkmk r`shjhqhe {hedièdhjhik m`spvhmhe

c Xpheqkq{ lo tlsm

8+ mìhirphe iè{`j`vhkmhe v`jpspg r`m`snhhe {hed

akqpdhvmhe

3+ mìhirphe peqpm ahrhq iè{`j`vhkmhe r`m`snhhe

i`j`ckgk ahsk hrh {hed akqpdhvmhe

f Qki` lo tlsm

8+ m`q`rhqhe thmqp ahjhi iè{`j`vhkmhe qpdhv

3+ m`q`rhqhe thmqp ahjhi m`ghakshe

6+ m`q`rhqhe thmqp ahjhi kvqkshghq ahe rpjhed mheqls

1+ qkedmhq m`ghakshe ahjhi r`m`snhhe

a Fllr`shqkle tkqg lqg`sv tlsm

8+ mìhirphe c`m`snh vhih aèdhe mhs{hthe jhke

ahjhi m`jlirlm m`snh

3+ mìhirphe c`m`snh aèdhe mhs{hthe jhke akjphs

m`jlirlm m`snhe{h

6+ mìhirphe iènhjke mlipekmhvk aèdhe hqhvhe

1+ mìhirphe iìc`skmhe ckickedhe ahe rèn`jhvhe

rhah mhs{hthe jhke

361 I`qla` Rèkjhkhe Mke`snh R`dhthk

I`qlah rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh rhah pipie{h

akm`jlirlmmhe iènhak 3 ihfhi* {hmek i`qlah rèkjhkhe {hed


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c`slskèqhvkmhe thmqp {hed jhjp ahe i`qlah rèkjhkhe {hed

c`slskèqhvk rhah thmqp {hed hmhe ahqhed

h I`qlah rèkjhkhe {hed c`slskèqhvkmhe thmqp jhjp

Rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh rhah pipie{h c`slskèqhvk rhah

ihvh jhjp* hsqke{h rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh v`lshed mhs{hthe

kqp akekjhk c`sahvhsmhe ghvkj {hed q`jhg akfhrhk lj`g

mhs{hthe v`jhih kek I`qlah {hed c`slskèqhvk ihvh jhjp

kek iìrpe{hk m`j`ckghe ahjhi ghj r`sjhmphe q`sghahr

m`snh {hed q`jhg q`snhak* ahe vhirhk a`shnhq q`sqèqp ahrhq

akpmps Ehipe aìkmkhe i`qlah kek npdh iìrpe{hk

m`jìhghe* {hmek rs`vqhvk m`snh rhah thmqp {hed jhjp qkahm

ahrhq akpchg Q`qhrk aèdhe ièd`hjphvk rs`vqhvk m`snh

{hed jhjp rhsh mhs{hthe iìr`slj`g pirhe chjkm q`sghahr

r`m`snhhe i`s`mh V`jhenpqe{h pirhe chjkm q`sv`cpq ahrhq

akiheohhqmhe peqpm r`schkmhe r`schkmhe rs`vqhvk

i`s`mh Ièpspq Vl`mkanl ahjhi Vprhsqkek '3224* 61)60+

chgth q`mekm q`mekm {hed akdpehmhe ahjhi rèkjhkhe kek

heqhsh jhke ièfhmpr >

8+ Vmhjh q`sqèqp

Ahjhi ghj kek rèkjhk i`jhmpmhe rèkjhkhe

vpc{`mqko q`sghahr rs`vqhvk m`snh mhs{hthe aèdhe

vmhjh q`sqèqp ahsk {hed q`sèahg vhirhk aèdhe

{hed q`sqkeddk Rèkjhk iìc`skmhe qheah rhah vmhjh


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{hed vpahg hah q`sv`cpq aèdhe fhsh

iìcheakedmhe heqhsh ghvkj r`m`snhhe mhs{hthe

aèdhe mskq`skh {hed q`jhg akqèqpmhe q`sv`cpq

c`sahvhsmhe npvqkokmhvk rèkjhk {hed c`svhedmpqhe

3+ Fg`fmjkvq

Ahjhi i`qlah fg`fmjkvq rèkjhk ghe{h iìkjkg

r`se{hqhhe)r`se{hqhhe {hed vpahg q`svàkh* {hed

ièddhichsmhe rs`vqhvk m`snh ahe mhshmq`skvqkm)

mhshmq`skvqkm mhs{hthe '{hed akekjhk+ Fhsh kek ahrhq

iìc`sk dhichshe rs`vqhvk m`snh {hed hmpshq*

hrhckjh r`se{hqhhe)r`se{hqhhe ahjhi kevqspiè

rèkjhkhe kqp akvpvpe v`fhsh f`sihq* ahe akpnk

q`sj`ckg ahgpjp qèqhed hakjkqhv ahe s`jkhckjkqhve{h

Rèkjhkhe v`fhsh fg`fmjkvq kek npdh ahrhq

akmpheqkokmhvkmhe* hrhckjh r`se{hqhhe)r`se{hqhhe kqp

v`c`jpie{h akc`sk ekjhk {hed ièf`sikemhe

clclqe{h I`qlah kek ipahg akdpehmhe ahe ipahg

ièdhaikekvqshvkmhe* ahe vhedhq `mlelikv

Vàhedmhe m`jìhghe i`qlah kek qkahm

iìpedmkemhe hahe{h s`jhqkokqhv rèkjhkhe Ohmqls

vkmhr mhs{hthe {hed akekjhk qkahm q`sf`sike

Ikvhje{h > aph lshed mhs{hthe ghvkj r`m`snhhee{h

vhih* lj`g v`chc kqp i`s`mh iìrpe{hk ekjhk {hed


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vhih Rhahghj rslv`v rè{`j`vhkhe r`m`snhhe

q`sv`cpq c`scàh* {hed vhqp ièd`snhmhe aèdhe

mhvhs 'vkmhr e`dhqko+* vàhedmhe {hed vhqp

ièd`snhmhe aèdhe vkmhr {hed chkm

6+ I`qlah r`skvqkth mskqkv >

I`qlah rèkjhkhe kek akahvhsmhe m`rhah fhqhqhe

fhqhqhe ahsk rkirkehe hqhp rèkjhk mhs{hthe {hed

c`svhedmpqhe Rkirkehe iìcphq fhqhqhefhqhqhe

qèqhed r`m`snhhe hqhp qpdhv qpdhv ahsk mhs{hthe

{hed hmhe akekjhk Fhqhqhefhqhqhe kqp qkahm ghe{h

ièfhmpr ghj {hed e`dhqko qèqhed r`jhmvhehhe

qpdhv vhnh* q`qhrk npdh ghj)ghj rlvkqko Mìpakhe

c`sahvhsmhe fhqhqhe)fhqhqhe r`skvqkth mskqkv q`sv`cpq

rèkjhk hqhp rkirkehe iìcphq rèkjhkhe q`sghahr

mhs{hthe {hed c`svhedmpqhe

1+ I`qlah rèkenhphe jhrhedhe >

I`qla` rèkjhkhe akjhmpmhe aèdhe fhsh rhsh

rèkjhk hqhp rkirkehe jhedvped m`jhrhedhe peqpm

ièkjhk rs`vqhvk m`snh mhs{hthe Ghj kek ahrhq

akjhmpmhe aèdhe aph fhsh >

h+ ahrhq akjhmpmhe c`svhihhe aèdhe m`dkhqhe

vpr`skvk Ahjhi vpr skvk* rhsh rèkjhk hqhp

rkirkehe ahrhq i`jhmpmhe rèkjhkhe


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q`sghahr m`snh rhsh mhs{hthe

c+ v`fhsh vèdhnh ahe q`sèfheh rhsh rèkjhk

ièahqhedk qìrhq m`snh rhsh mhs{hthe

peqpm i`jhmpmhe rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh

{hed c`svhedmpqhe

0+ Q`v rs`vqhvk m`snh

I`qlah rèkjhkhe kek akjhmpmhe aèdhe ièdhahmhe

q`v q`sqpjkv m`rhah mhs{hthe {hed hmhe akekjhk

Mhsèh hrh {hed akqhe{hmhe 'q`v+ ahe nhthche kek

ahjhi cèqpm q`sqpjkv* ahe qkahm ièf`sikemhe

jhedvped rs`vqhvk v`v`lshed* ihmh i`qlah kek

q`sihvpm qkahm jhedvped

c I`qlah Rèkjhkhe Rs`vqhvk M`snh C`slskèqhvk thmqp {hed

hmhe ahqhed

I`qlah rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh {hed c`slskèqhvk

thmqp {hed hmhe ahqhed iìpvhqmhe rs`vqhvk m`snh

mhs{hthe vhhq kek v`sqh rè`qhrhe)rè`qhrhe vhvhshe

vhvhshe rs`vqhvk m`snh ak ihvh {hed hmhe ahqhed Q`mekm

q`mekm {hed ahrhq akdpehmhe heqhsh jhke* v`chdhk c`skmpq >

8+ Rèkjhkhe aksk 'v`jo hrrshkvhjv+

I`qlah rèkjhkhe kek iè`mhemhe chgth rèkjhkhe

rs`vqhvk m`snh mhs{hthe akekjhk lj`g mhs{hthe kqp

vèaksk Qpnphe rèkjhkhe kek hahjhg peqpm


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rèdìchedmhe aksk mhs{hthe ahjhi shedmh

rèdìchedhe lsdhekvhvk

3+ Rèa`mhqhe Ihehdìèq c{ Lcn`fqk` 'ICL+

I`qla` rèkjhkhe kek akqèqpmhe c`svhih)vhih

heqhsh rèkjhk hqhp rkirkehe aèdhe mhs{hthe

{hed hmhe akekjhk I`s`mh c`svhih)vhih

ièèqpmhe qpnphe) qpnphe hqhp vhvhshe)vhvhshe

r`jhmvhehhe m`snh ak thmqp {hed hmhe ahqhed*

mìpakhe aèdhe ièddpehmhe vhvhshe)vhvhshe

q`sv`cpq rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh akjhmpmhe v`fhsh

c`svhih )vhih

6+ Rèkjhkhe Rvkmljldkv

I`qlah rèkjhkhe akjhmpmhe aèdhe ièdhahmhe

ththefhsh ièahjhi* akvmpvk hqhp q`v)q`v

rvkmljldkv q`sghahr mhs{hthe {hed hmhe akekjhk

Hvr`m)hvr`m {hed akekjhk heqhsh jhke> keq j`mqphj*

ìlvk* ilqkhvk* ahe v`chdhke{h ahsk mhs{hthe

{hed c`svhedmpqhe Ahsk ghvkj kek hmhe ahrhq

iìcheqp peqpm iìr`smkshmhe rs`vqhvk m`snh ak

thmqp {hed hmhe ahqhed @hjphvk kek s`j`he

peqpm m`rpqpvhem`rpqpvhe rèìrhqhe hqhp

r`srkeahghe qpdhv ak jkedmpedhe lsdhekvhvk

1+ Q`mekm rpvhq rèkjhkhe


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Ak ahjhi vphqp lsdhekvhvk {hed vpahg ihnp*

q`sahrhq vphqp rpvhq rèkjhkhe mhs{hthe Rpvhq kek

ièdìchedmhe vkvqì rèkjhkhe {hed chmp {hed

akdpehmhe peqpm ièkjhk rhsh mhs{hthee{h Ghvkj

rèkjhkhe rpvhq kek vhedhq c`siheohhq peqpm

ièdkaèqkokmhvk mìhirphe ihehnìè ak thmqp

thmqp {hed hmhe ahqhed

3%1% Hmsàkqhvk Qèhdh Rè`jkqk

Ièpspq M`rièrhe 837,3221 chgth Nhchqhe Rè`jkqk hahjhg

Màpapmhe {hed ièpenpmmhe qpdhv* qhedped nhthc* t`tèhed* ahe ghm

v`v`lshed r`nhchq rè`jkqk ahjhi vphqp lsdhekvhvk rè`jkqkhe ahe

rèdìchedhe Vìèq`sh R`nhchq Rè`jkqk hahjhg REV {hed v`q`jhg

iìèpgk v{hshq)v{hshq {hed akqèqpmhe ahe akhedmhq lj`g r`nhchq {hed

c`stèhed ahjhi vphqp qkedmhq nhchqhe rè`jkqk ahe rèdìchedhe aèdhe

qpdhv rlmlm i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe rèdìchedhe

Rìckehhe mhsk`s qèhdh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe kevqkqpvk

rì`skeqhg q`jhg akhqps i`jhjpk m`rpqpvhe c`svhih heqhsh M`rhjh JKRK ahe

M`rhjh Chahe M`r`dhthkhe E`dhsh qhgpe 322? qèqhed R`qpenpm

R`jhmvhehhe 'Npmjhm+ Nhchqhe Opedvklehj ahe Hedmh Msàkqe{h Ièpspq

Npmjhm q`sv`cpq akv`cpqmhe rèd`sqkhe rè`jkqk hahjhg REV {hed akc`sk

qheddpednhthc* t`tèhed ahe ghm v`fhsh rèpg lj`g r`nhchq {hed

c`stèhed peqpm i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe,hqhp rèdìchedhe 'jkqched+


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60

kevqhevk rì`skeqhg

318 Rèdhedmhqhe ahjhi Nhchqhe Rè`jkqkRèdhedmhqhe ahjhi nhchqhe rè`jkqk ghspv iìèpgk

r`sv{hshqhe v`chdhk c`skmpq >

h R`sv{hshqhe haikekvqshvk m`r`dhthkhe* {hed i`jkrpqk >8+ C`m`snh rhah Jìchdh , Lsdhekvhvk Rè`jkqkhe ,

Rèdìchedhe , Rèdmhnkhe

8 Iìkjkmk ikehq ahe rèdhjhihe i`jhmpmhem`dkhqhe rè`jkqkhe

3+ Akpvpjmhe lj`g kevqhevk v`q`jhg c`smhv pvpjhenhchqhe rè jkqk akekjhk lj`g R3NR Kevqhevk

6+ R`dhthk E`d`sk Vkrkj {hed q`jhg ièfhrhk Rhedmhqdljledhe sphed v`sèahg)sèahge{h Rèhqh Ipah

KKK,h*

1+ Jpjpv Akmjhq Opedvklehj Rè`jkqk 'ahvhs,jhenpqhe+0+ Iìèpgk m`jèdmhrhe Haikekvqshvk 'Mhsqp

R`dhthk* Knhvhg Rèakakmhe olsihj v`sèahg)

sèahge{h Vhsnheh 'V8+* VM Fhjle R`dhthk* VM

Rhedmhq* VM Qpdhv* AR6 rhah qhgpe q`shmgks

c`sekjhk chkm ahe ahoqhs skth{hq gkapr+

?+ C`spvkh v`qkeddk)qkeddke{h 10 qhgpec R`sv{hshqheHedmh Msàkq {hed q`saksk hqhv >

8+ Iìèpgk m`qèqphe hedmh msàkq v`mpshed)


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6?

mpshede{h 72% c`shvhj ahsk pevps pqhih ahe

v`che{hm)che{hme{h 32% c`shvhj ahsk pevps

rèpenhed

3+ Hedmh Msàkq 'j`ckg+ akr`sgkqpedmhe peqpm

mèhkmhe c`skmpqe{h

6+ Qhgpe r`sqhih aji nhchqhe,rhedmhq vpahg

iìr`slj`g HM* ihmh qhgpe c`skmpqe{h thnkc

ièdpirpjmhe 32% ahsk npihjg HM {hed

akr`sv{hshqmhe

1+ Mèhkmhe aph qkedmhq,j`ckg akr`smèhemhe '8 qhgpe

aji nhchqhe* AR6 qg q`shmgks chkm* ihmh v`qkhr ehkm

rhedmhq thnkc ièdpirpjmhe 32% ahsk npijhg

Hedmh Msàkq {hed akr`sv{hshqmhe+

0+ Ihvh rèkjhkhe ikekihj 3 mhjk {hkqp 6 cpjhe

v`c`jpi mèhkmhe rhedmhq

?+ Rìchdkhe hedmh msàkq chdk rèpjkv mlj`mqko

3 lshed ?2% chdk rèpjkv pqhih / 12 %

6 lshed '02%* 30%* 30%+

1 lshed '12%* 32%*32%*32%+0 lshed '12%*80%*80%*80%*80%+))chqhv mlj`mqko

f R`sv{hshqhe Olsihvk Nhchqhe Rè`jkqk {hed ahrhq akjkghq ahsk

qhc`j ak chthg kek peqpm v`qkhr nènhed nhchqhe rè`jkqk >

8+ Rè`jkqk R`sqhih >


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64

h+ I`jhmvhehmhe rè`jkqkhe ahe iìcphq

jhrlshe rè`jkqkhe v`vphk ckahede{h akchthg

ckickedhe ahe

rìckehhe

c+ Iè{pvpe mhs{h qpjkv kjikhg 'MQK+

f+ Ièdkmpqk v`fhsh hmqko r`smìchedhe kjikhg

ehvklehj ahe keq`sehvklehj

a+ Ièkedmhqmhe rèd`qhgphe* m`q`shirkjhe

ahe m`hgjkhee{h v`vphk ckahed

m`rhmhshee{h

3+ Rè`jkqk Ipah >

h+ Iè{khrmhe chghe rsldshi sèfheh

m`dkhqhe jkqched

c+ I`jhmvhehmhe rè`jkqkhe v`vphk

m`rhmhshee{h* iìr`sghqkmhe kvp)kvp

ehvklehj ahe keq`sehvklehj* m`cpqpghe rhvhs

ahe rìchedpehe c`sm`jhenpqhe

f+ Iè{pvpe MQK

a+ Iè{`chs jphvmhe ghvkj rè`jkqkhe

`+ Ièdkmpqk v`fhsh hmqko r`smìchedhe kjikhg



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67

o+ Ièkedmhqmhe rèd`qhgphe* m`q`shirkjhe


m`rhmhshee{h

6+ Rè`jkqk Iha{h >


m`dkhqhe jkqched


m`rhmhshee{h

f+ I`spipvmhe mlev`r pvpjhe m`cknhmvhehhe

ehvklehj {hed hmhe akq`shrmhe

a+ Iè{pvpe MQK

`+ Iè{`chs jphvmhe ghvkj rè`jkqkhe

o+ Ièdkmpqk v`fhsh hmqko r`smìchedhe kjikhg


d+ Ièkedmhqmhe rèd`qhgphe* m`q`shirkjhe


m`rhmhshee{h

1+ Rè`jkqk Pqhih >


m`dkhqhe jkqched


m`rhmhshee{h

f+ Ièd`hjphvk ghvkj jkqched


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6;

a+ I`spipvmhe mlev`r pvpjhe m`cknhmvhehhe

ehvklehj {hed hmhe akq`shrmhe

`+ Iè{pvpe MQK

o+ Ièdhshgmhe ahe iìckicked rè`jkqk ak

chthge{h

d+ Iìprpm r`smìchedhe m`gkaprhe kjikhg

qhsho ehvklehj ahe keq`sehvklehj

g+ Iè{`chs jphvmhe ghvkj rè`jkqkhe

k+ Ièdkmpqk v`fhsh hmqko r`smìchedhe kjikhg


n+ Ièkedmhqmhe rèd`qhgphe* m`q`shirkjhe


m`rhmhshee{h

0+ Hgjk Rè`jkqk Pqhih

313 M`qèqphe Rè`qhrhe Hedmh MsàkqRè`qhrhe hedmh msàkq {hed akdpehmhe v`chdhk ahvhs

peqpm iìr`sqkichedmhe mèhkmhe nhchqhe,rhedmhq rè`jkqk v`vphk

aèdhe r`shqpshe r`speahed)peahedhe {hed c`sjhmp Mèhkmhe

nhchqhe ahrhq akr sqkichedmhe hrhckjh >

8+ V`mpshed)mpshede{h q`jhg vhqp qhgpe ahjhi nhchqheq`shmgks=

3+ Iìèpgk hedmh msàkq {hed akqèqpmhe peqpm mèhkmhenhchqhe v`qkedmhq j`ckg qkeddk ahe


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6+ V`qkhr pevps rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh hqhp r`jhmvhehher`m`snhhe ahjhi Ahoqhs Rèkjhkhe R`jhmvhehhe R`m`snhhe

'AR6+ v`mpshed)mpshede{h c`sekjhk chkm ahjhi vhqp qhgpe

q`shmgks

Vìèqhsh m`qèqphe mèhkmhe rhedmhq ahrhq

akr`sqkichedmhe hrhckjh >

8+ V`mpshed)mpshede{h q`jhg aph qhgpe ahjhi rhedmhq

q`shmgks=

3+ Iìèpgk npijhg hedmh msàkq {hed akqèqpmhe peqpm

mèhkmhe rhedmhq v`qkedmhq j`ckg qkeddk ahe

6+ V`qkhr pevps rèkjhkhe rs`vqhvk m`snh hqhp r`jhmvhehhe

r`m`snhhe ahjhi Ahoqhs Rèkjhkhe R`jhmvhehhe R`m`snhhe

'AR6+ v`mpshed)mpshede{h c`sekjhk chkm ahjhi aph qhgpe

q`shmgks

Mèhkmhe rhedmhq REV Rpvhq {hed ièapapmk nhchqhe

Rè`jkqk R`sqhih rhedmhq Rèhqh Ipah* dljledhe sphed KKK,h peqpm

iènhak Rèhqh Ipah Qkedmhq K* dljledhe sphed KKK,c vhirhk

aèdhe peqpm iènhak Rè`jkqk Iha{h* rhedmhq Rìckeh Qkedmhq K*

dljledhe sphed K_,c akq`qhrmhe aèdhe M`rpqpvhe R`nhchq

Rìckeh M`r`dhthkhe Rpvhq {hed c`svhedmpqhe v`q`jhg ièahrhq

r`sv`qpnphe q`mekv M`rhjh CME

316 Pevps Rèkjhkhe

Pevps ahe vpc pevps {hed akekjhk ahjhi shedmh rèdpvpjhe


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18

rè`qhrhe hedmh msàkq nhchqhe rè`jkqk {hkqp >

8+ Rèakakmhe >h+ Rèakakmhe v`mljhg ahe iìr`slj`g knh~hg,d`jhs

c+ Rèakakmhe ahe r`jhqkghe opedvklehj rè`jkqk v`sqh

iìr`slj`g vpshq qheah qhihq akmjhq

3+ Rè`jkqkhe >

h+ Mhs{h qpjkv kjikhg ghvkj rè`jkqkhe hqhp ghvkj

rìkmkshe kjikhg {hed q`jhg akq`sckqmhe

c+ Mhs{h qpjkv ghvkj jkqched hqhp qkenhphe,pjhvhe* qkahm

hqhp c`jpi akq`sckqmhe* ihmhjhg akvhirhkmhe ahjhi

r`sqìphe kjikhg

6+ Rèdìchedhe Krq`m

h+ Rèdìchedhe ahe rìheohhqhe Krq`m i`jkrpqk

rèfkrqhhe rslqlqkr`* a`vhke* rkjlq rsln`fq* hjhq

r`sqhekhe ahe rslapm {hed vpahg akiheohhqmhe

ihv{hshmhq

c+ Rhqè Krq`m* aèdhe iìcphq,ièdghvkjmhe rhqè

{hed vpahg q`sihvpm ahjhi ahoqhs rhqè {hed

akv`qpnpk

1+ Akvìkehvk Rìheohhqhe Krq`m

h+ Iè{pvpe cpmp r`jhnhshe v`mljhg hqhp cpmp

rè{pjpghe, qpjkvhe rlrpj`s


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c+ Rè{pvpehe ihmhjhg krq`m ahjhi shedmh

iìhv{hshmhqmhe ghvkj rè`jkqkhe ahjhi

cpmp,ihnhjhg kjikhg qkahm q`shmsàkqhvk, ihnhjhg

vìk rlrpj`s

0+ Rìckehhe Mha`s Rè`jkqk* iìkirke m`jlirlm rè`jkqkhe

ahe q`sjkchq jhedvped ahjhi rè`jkqkhe

?+ Rèpenhed Qpdhv Rè`jkqk

h+ Rìhv{hshmhqhe krq`m

c+ M`kmpqv`sqhhe ahjhi m`dkhqhe kjikhg* i`jkrpqk

q`sjkchq ahjhi skvhjhg r`sqìphe 'rpcjkmhvk kjikhg+*

npsehj* cpmp kjikhg* cpmp r`jhnhshe v`sqh r`sqìphe

q`mekv kjikhg heqhs pekq,lsdhekvhvk rè`jkqkhe ihprpe

m`kmpq)v`sqhhe ahjhi m`dkhqhe kjikhg {hed qkahm

q`sihvpm ckahed m`rhmhshe r`nhchq rè`jkqk

f+ Rìckehhe mha`s kjikhg* iìc`skmhe ckickedhe

rèpg mha`s kjikhg vhirhk ièfhrhk qkedmhq vhsnheh

r`s lshed v`chdhk Rìckicked Rèahirked ahe

i`jhmvhehmhe qpdhv ièdhnhs ak r`sdpsphe qkeddk

a+ Iìr`slj`g Rkhdhi M`glsihqhe

`+ Iìr`slj`g D`jhs M`vhsnhhe jhkee{h

akqèqpmhe M`vkirpjhe* iè`skih hqhp ièljhm Gl


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CHC KKK

I@QLALJLDK R@E@JKQKHE

I`qlaljldk rè`jkqkhe i`sprhmhe vphqp rslv`v akiheh shedmhkhe jhedmhg)

jhedmhg akjhmpmhe v`fhsh q`sèfheh ahe vkvqìhqkv dpeh ièahrhqmhe rì`fhghe

ahsk ihvhjhg {hed akq`jkqk Jhedmhg)jhedmhg {hed akjhmpmhe ghspv chkm ahe

vhjked ièapmped vhqp vhih jhkee{h* hdhs rè`jkqkhe iìrpe{hk vphqp ekjhk j`ckg

ahe clclq {hed iìhahk v`sqh iìc`skmhe vphqp m`vkirpjhe peqpm ièhedhek

ahe iènhthc ihvhjhg {hed akq`jkqk

6%8% R`svkhrhe Rè`jkqkhe

R`svkhrhe rè`jkqkhe akjhmpmhe aèdhe ièfhsk jhqhs c`jhmhed

ihvhjhg {hed hmhe akq`jkqk jhjp ièdkaèqkokmhvk ihvhjhg q`sv`cpq ahe

iè`qhrmhe qpnphe* rìchqhvhe ahe r`spipvhe ihvhjhg

h Jhqhs c`jhmhed

Ahjhi rè`jkqkhe kek rè`jkqk i`jhmpmhe rè`qhrhe qlrkm

r`sihvhjhghe {hkqp aèdhe ièfhsk jhqhs c`jhmhed ihvhjhg mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk Qlrkm ihvhjhg {hed hmhe akq`jkqk r`sjp akqèqpmhe

q`sj`ckg ahgpjp hdhs rè`jkqk ahrhq ièd`qhgpk jhqhs c`jhmhed ahsk

ihvhjhg {hed hmhe akq`jkqk ahe rè`jkqkhe ahrhq akjhmpmhe j`ckg

q`shshg

c Kaèqkokmhvk ihvhjhg


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V`q`jhg ièd`qhgpk jhqhs c`jhmhed ihvhjhg ihmh jhedmhg

c`skmpqe{h hahjhg ièdkaèqkokmhvk ihvhjhg {hed hah rhah

rlrpjhvk {hed akqpnp 'Chjkqched Mìghe+ R`sihvhjhghe {hed

akhedmhq rhah rè`jkqkhe kek hahjhg ihvhjhg mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk

Chjkqched Mìghe

f Qpnphe rè`jkqkhe

Jhedmhg v`jhenpqe{h hahjhg iè`qhrmhe qpnphe rè`jkqkhe

Rè`jkqkhe akjhmpmhe aèdhe qpnphe peqpm ièd`qhgpk

r`sihvhjhghe {hed hah ak Chjkqched Mìghe {hkqp ihvhjhg mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk* akiheh ghvkj kek akghshrmhe hmhe iènhak chghe

ihvpmhe chdk kevqkqpvk ahjhi ièhedhek ihvhjhg v`rpqhs mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk Chjkqched Mìghe

a Rìchqhvhe ihvhjhgAèdhe hahe{h rìchqhvhe ihvhjhg kek akghshrmhe v`qkhr qhghr

rè`jkqkhe {hed akjhmpmhe lj`g rè`jkqk iìkjkmk chqhvhe ahe hshg

{hed n`jhv Ahjhi rè`jkqkhe kek rè`jkqk iìchqhvk ihvhjhg rhah

hehjkvkv rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk ak

Chjkqched Mìghe aèdhe npijhg vhir`j v`che{hm 42 lshed

6%3% Vqpak Rèahgpjphe

Ahjhi vqpak rèahgpjphe kek rè`jkqk i`jhmpmhe vqpak rpvqhmh ahe

vqpak jhrhedhe v`sqh i`jhmpmhe rìkjkghe vhir`j ahe ièfhsk keolsihvk

qèqhed mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk


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638 Vqpak rpvqhmh

I`sprhmhe m`dkhqhe {hed akjhmpmhe aèdhe fhsh iìchfh cpmp)

cpmp ahe sò`sèvk {hed c`sgpcpedhe aèdhe mke`snh qèhdh

rè`jkqk Spipvhe)spipvhe ahe mlev`r)mlev`r q`lskqkv ahsk

c`schdhk jkq`shqps akr`jhnhsk hdhs akr`slj`g jheahvhe q`lsk {hed chkm

ahe q`rhq peqpm ahrhq akdpehmhe ahjhi ièdìchedmhe mlev`r

rè`jkqkhe Jheahvhe q`lsk kek iìpahgmhe peqpm ièdkaèqkokmhvk

ohmqls)ohmqls {hed iìrèdhspgk mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk

633 Vqpak jhrhedhe

I`sprhmhe m`dkhqhe peqpm ièfhsk m`q`shedhe hqhp keolsihvk

ièdèhk dhichshe pipi rlrpjhvk {hed akqpnp {hkqp aèdhe fhsh

rèdhihqhe jhedvped Ahsk vqpak jhrhedhe kek ahrhq akr`slj`g

dhichshe {hed n`jhv ahsk rlrpjhvk rè`jkqkhe kek ahe c`schdhk

keolsihvk {hed q`smhkq ahjhi ièapmped rè`jkqkhe C`sgpcped

rè`jkqk i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe ak qìrhq rè`jkqk c`sakehv* keolsihvk

ahe ahqh skkj vpahg akm`qhgpk aèdhe chkm ahe rè`jkqk qhgp aèdhe

chkm r`sihvhjhghe {hed hah

636 Rìkjkghe vhir`j

Lc{`m hqhp jlmpv rè`jkqkhe kek hahjhg Chjkqched Mìghe {hed

i`sprhmhe vhjhg vhqp Chahe r`jhmvheh q`mekv ak jkedmpedhe

Mìèq`skhe R`sqhghehe SK Ahsk npijhg rlrpjhvk v`c`vhs 328

lshed 'Ahqh A`vìc`s 322;+ akrkjkg 42 lshed vhir`j 's`vrleaè+


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peqpm rè`jkqkhe kek ahe akheddhr q`jhg i`thmkjk npijhg vhir`j

ikekipi {hed akr`sv{hshqmhe

6%6% Rèdpirpjhe Ahqh

Jhedmhg v`jhenpqe{h hahjhg rèdpirpjhe ahqh* ehipe v`c`jpi

rèdpirpjhe ahqh akjhmpmhe rè`jkqk q`sj`ckg ahgpjp ghspv ièd`qhgpk

ahqh)ahqh hrh vhnh {hed akr`sjpmhe ahe chdhkiheh ahqh q`sv`cpq akr`slj`g

Ahjhi rè`jkqkhe kek rè`jkqk q`sj`ckg ahgpjp ièèqpmhe ohmqls {hed

iìrèdhspgk mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk* jhjp iè{pvpe mpkvkle`s {hed

c`skvk ahqh)ahqh s`vrleaè v`r`sqk pvkh* nèkv m`jhike* rèakakmhe* jhih

m`snh V`q`jhg mpkvkle`s v`j`vhk akvpvpe* v`jhenpqe{h akv`chs m` s`vrleaè

q`srkjkg

6%1% Rèdljhghe Ahqh

Ahqh)ahqh {hed akr`slj`g mìpakhe akljhg ahe akgkqped aèdhe

ièddpehmhe i`qla` >

618 Pnk hjkakqhv

_hjkakqhv c`smhkqhe aèdhe rè`jkqkhe hrhmhg vphqp hskhc`j

ièdpmps hrh vhnh {hed v`ghspve{h akpmps* {hed c`sqpnphe peqpm

ièkjhk hrhmhg vphqp hskhc`j rèdpmpshe cèhs)cèhs

c`sgpcpedhe aèdhe mlev`r {hed akpmps _hjkakqhv ièkjhk

hrhmhg vpqp hjhq pmps c`smhkqhe aèdhe hskhc`j)hskhc`j {hed hah

aèdhe fhsh {hed mlevkvqè aèdhe q`lsk {hed ièahvhske{h


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14

Rèdpnkhe hjkakqhv ièddpehmhe vloqths` VRVV* {hkqp ièfhsk

gpcpedhe heqhsh hskhc`j iheko`v aèdhe hskhc`j jhqè

613 Pnk s`jkhckjkqhvMpkvkle`s v`chdhk hjhq pmps ahjhi rè`jkqkhe kek r`sjp akpnk

m`heahjhee{h peqpm ièahrhqmhe r`qpenpm ièdèhk ipqp

rè`jkqkhe M`heahjhe hjhq pmps kek ièpenpmmhe m`q`rhqhe ahe

mìheqhrhe hjhq pmps Mlòkvkè hjhq pmps kek ièf`sikemhe

mlevkvqèvk hqhp m`heahjhe hjhq pmps q`sv`cpq* akiheh akdpehmhe

mlòkvkè hjrgh fslechfg c`smkvhs 2)8 Rèdpnkhe s`jkhckjkqhv

akjhmpmhe aèdhe ièddpehmhe vloqths` VRVV {hed hmgkse{h

akahrhq ekjhk hjrgh fslechfg {hed akcheakedmhe aèdhe ekjhk s

qhc`j

616 Pnk mls`jhvk Shem Vr`hsihePnk mls`jhvk Shem Vr`hsihe akjhmpmhe peqpm i`jkghq hahe{h

gpcpedhe heqhsh aph hskhc`j hqhp ohmqls Pnk mls`jhvk kek

i`sprhmhe vphqp pnk ele rhshi`qskm {hed iìr`sgkqpedmhe

r`skedmhq ahsk vphqp ahqh ahjhi rlrpjhvk q`sv`cpq Ekjhk s {hed

akdpehmhe c`smkvhs heqhsh 8 vhirhk aèdhe - 8 Ekjhk v`c`vhs

8 hqhp -8 iè{hqhmhe gpcpedhe {hed vìrpseh heqhsh aph

hskhc`j* qheah - q`snhak nkmh rìc`skhe sheme{h vhih*

vàhedmhe qheah ) ckjh rìc`skhe sheme{h q`schjkm Ckjh s 9 2

iè{hqhmhe qkahm hah gpcpedhe vhih v`mhjk


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17

6%0% Hehjkvkv Ahqh

Jhedmhg rèdhehjkvkvhe ahqh akjhmpmhe v`q`jhg jhedmhg)jhedmhg

rèdljhghe ahqh v`j`vhk Hehjkvkv akjhmpmhe peqpm iì`skmvh hrhmhg ghvkj

{hed akr`slj`g ahsk rè`jkqkhe kek v`vphk aèdhe {hed akghshrmhe

V`q`jhg kqp akjhmpmhe rì`fhghe ihvhjhg v`chdhk vphqp vhshe chdk

kevqkqpvk {hed akq`jkqk* ihmh vhshe {hed akc`skmhe mkshe{h ahrhq

akr`sqkichedmhe lj`g kevqkqpvk {hed c`svhedmpqhe v`chdhk jhedmhg)jhedmhg

prh{h r`schkmhe q`sghahr rèkedmhqhe mke`snh rhsh qèhdh rè`jkqk ak ihvh

{hed hmhe ahqhed

6%?% M`vkirpjhe

Ahsk rè`jkqkhe {hed q`jhg akjhmpmhe ihmh ahrhq akqhskm

m`vkirpjhe c`sahvhsmhe ghvkj hehjkvkv q`sv`cpq M`vkirpjhe {hed akahrhq

c`sahvhsmhe ghvkj vqpak rèahgpjphe* rèdpirpjhe ahqh* rèdljhghe ahqh

ahe hehjkvkv ahqh v`gkeddh ahrhq akr`sqheddpednhthcmhe v`fhsh kjikhg


60/117

1;

Kaèqkokmhvk

IhvhjhgJhqhs

C`jhmhed

Qpnphe

Rè`jkqkheJheahvhe

Q`lskRìchqhvhe

Ihvhjhg

Vqpak

Jhrhedhe

Rìkjkghe

Vhir`j

Rè`jkqkhe

Keolsihvk

Mke`snh

Qèhdh

rè`jkqk

Vqpak Rèahgpjphe

Rèèqphe Ohmqls)

Ohmqls Mke`snh

Qèhdh è`jkqk

R`svkhrhe Rè`jkqkhe

Rèdpirpjhe Ahqh

Rè{pvpehe

Mpkvkle`s

Rèdpirpjhe ahqh Rè{`chshe

Mpkvkle`s

Pnk Rèèqphe

Npijhg Vhir`j

Rèdljhghe Ahqh

Pnk _hjkakqhv

Pnk S`jkhckjkqhv

I`jhmpmhe pnk Mls`jhvk

aèdhe ièddpehmheMlòkvkè Shem Vr`hsihe

Hehjkvkv Ahqh ohmqls {hed

Iìrèdhspgk Mke`snh Qèhdh

è`jkqk

M`vkirpjhe

Dhichs 6%8% Qhghrhe Rè`jkqkhe


61/117

02

64 M`shedmh Rìkmkshe

C`sahvhsmhe jhqhs c`jhmhed ahe r`sihvhjhghe ak hqhv q`smhkq

rìckehhe lsdhekvhvk ahe qèhdh rè jkqk ak Chjkqched Mìghe Mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk akhvpivkmhe ahrhq akqkedmhqmhe hrhckjh ihehnìè

rìckehhe rè`jkqk ahe lsdhekvhvk ahrhq aklrqkihjmhe v`gkeddh ihirp

ièkedmhqmhe mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqkk ahe mke`snh lsdhekvhvk v`chdhk prh{h

i`tpnpamhe q`sfhrhke{h qpnphe lsdhekvhvk

Hahrpe m`shedmh rìkmkshe {hed akdpehmhe rhah rè`jkqkhe kek

v`chdhk c`skmpq > Rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe

Chjkqched Mìghe Aèdhe iìc`skmhe kevèqko {hed iìhahk ahe

rslrlsvklehj m`rhah rhsh rè`jkqk akghshrmhe ahrhq ièkedmhqmhe mke`snh

r`dhthk ak jkedmpedhe Chjkqched Mìghe Rhah kevèqko {hed iìhahk

ahe rslrlsvklehj m`rhah rhsh rè`jkqk hmhe iè{`chcmhe rhsh rè`jkqk

i`shvh akghsdhk v`gkeddh q`silqkhvk peqpm iìc`skmhe mhs{h q`schkm

aèdhe i`jhmpmhe c`schdhk kelhvk ahe ms`hqkkqhv {hed akr`sjpmhe chdk

m`rèqkedhe rè`jkqkhe {hed akjhmpmhe lj`g Chjkqched Mìghe Mke`snh

Chjkqched Mìghe vhedhq akqèqpmhe rhah mphjkqhv ghvkj rè`jkqkhe ahe

rèdìchedhe {hed akjhmpmhe v`gkeddh r`she rhsh rè`jkqk vhedhq rèqked

ahe vqhsq`dkv M`shedmh rìkmkshe ak hqhv ahrhq akdhichsmhe ahjhi

dhichs c`skmpq >

KEV@EQKO

_hskhc`j 'W+MKE@SNH Q@EHDH R@E@JKQK

_hskhc`j '[+


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08

Dhichs 3%8% Vmìh M`shedmh Rìkmkshe

67 Spipvhe Gkrlq`vkv

Hahrpe spipvhe gkrlq`vkv rè`jkqkhe kek {hkqp >

Gkrlq`vkv hthj 'Gl+ > Qkahm q`sahrhq rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe Chjkqched Mìghe

Gkrlq`vkv hjq`sehqkko 'Gh+> Q`sahrhq rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk ak jkedmpedhe Chjkqched Mìghe

6%;% Rè{pvpehe Mpkvkle`s

Mpkvkle`s {hed akdpehmhe ahjhi rè`jkqkhe kek hahjhg mpkvkle`s

{hed c`svkohq q`sqpqpr* akiheh s`vrleaè ghe{h iìjkjkg vhjhg vhqp

nhthche ahsk jkih nhthche {hed q`jhg akvàkhmhe Mpkvkle`s akvpvpe

c`sahvhsmhe vmhjh Jkm`sq q`saksk ahsk 1 'ìrhq+ vmhjh {hkqp 1 9 Vhedhq

V`qpnp 'VV+= 6 9 V`qpnp 'V+= 3 9 Qkahm V`qpnp 'QV+ ahe 8 9 Vhedhq Qkahm

V`qpnp 'VQV+

Mpkvkle`s peqpm ihvked)ihvked hskhc`j 'kevèqko ahe mke`snh

qèhdh rè`jkqk+ q`saksk ahsk 32 r`sqhe{hhe Mpkvkle`s peqpm hskhc`j

kevèqko {hed q`saksk ahsk aph akièvk 'rìckehhe qèhdh rè`jkqk ahe

rèdghsdhhe+ v`sqh jkih keakmhqls {hkqp >

Chdkhe r`sqhih q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils 8)1

KEAKMHQLS

Rìckehhe / rèdìchedhe Rè`jkqk

S`dpjhvk

Ilqkhvk Iè`jkqk Hmpeqhckjkqhv skv`q ahe gpcpedhee{h

ad

Kevèqko

Nhikehe mhsk`s Rè`jkqk

KEAKMHQLS

Ghvkj ahe Mphjkqhv m`snh Rè`jkqk

R`shjhqhe

@okvkèvk ahe @o`mqkkqhv Akvkrjke ahe aàkmhvk Rè`jkqk


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03

c`skvk m`cknhmhe lsdhekvhvk qèqhed rìckehhe ahe rèdìchedhe

mlir`qèvk qèhdh rè`jkqk

Chdkhe màph q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils 0)7

c`skvk qèqhed r`shqpshe 's`dpjhvk+ rìckehhe mhsk`s qèhdh rè`jkqk ak

jkedmpedhe Mìghe ahe QEK

Chdkhe m`qkdh q`saksk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils ;)83 c`skvk

qèqhed ilqkhvk rè`jkqk peqpm i`jhmpmhe rè`jkqkhe

Chdkhe m`ìrhq q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils 86)

8? qèqhed hmpeqhckjkqhv r`jhmvhehhe skv`q ahe kevèqko {hed akc`skmhe

Chdkhe m`jkih q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils 84)32

qèqhed rè`shrhe nhikehe mhsk`s rè`jkqk

Vìèqhsh peqpm mpkvkle`s peqpm hskhc`j mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk

{hed q`saksk ahsk aph akièvk 'ghvkj m`snh ahe rslapmqkkqhv+ v`sqh jkih

keakmhqls {hkqp >

8 Chdkhe r`sqhih q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe

elils 8)1 c`skvk qèqhed ipqp m`snh ahe mphjkqhv rè jkqkhe

3 Chdkhe màph q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils

0)7 c`skvk qèqhed rèdìchedhe qèhdh rè`jkqk

6 Chdkhe m`qkdh q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils

;)83 c`skvk qèqhed r`shjhqhe

1 Chdkhe m`ìrhq q`saksk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe elils

86)8? c`skvk qèqhed òkvkèvk ahe ò`mqkkqhv


64/117

06

0 Chdkhe m`jkih q`saksk ahsk ìrhq r`sqhe{hhe {hkqp r`sqhe{hhe

elils 84)32 qèqhed akvkrjke ahe aàkmhvk

6%82% Ièèqpmhe Pmpshe Vhir`j

Rlrpjhvk rè`jkqkhe kek hahjhg rhsh r`dhthk Chjkqched Mìghe

{hed c`snpijhg 328 lshed Vàhedmhe vhir`j rè`jkqkhe kek akqèqpmhe

aèdhe fhsh hfhm rslrlsvklehj 'rslrlsqklehj sheali vhirjked+ v`npijhg

lshed {hed akqèqpmhe aèdhe spipv Vjlke 'H~ghsk* 8;;3 > 06+ Rhah

rè`jkqkhe kek* rèpjkv ièddpehmhe ` 9 82% v`gkeddh >

E

e 9 )))))))))))))))))))) spipv '8+

8 - E '`+3

328

e 9 )))))))))))))))))))

8 - 328 '2*8+3

9 ??*44 42 lshed

akiheh > e 9 Npijhg vhir`j

E 9 Npijhg rlrpjhvk

` 9 @ssls '% {hed ahrhq akqlj`shevk q`sghahr m`qkahm)q`rhqhe

vhir`j v`chdhk rèddheqk rlrpjhvk+

6%88% _hjkakqhv

_hjkakqhv ièpenpmmhe v`nhpg iheh vphqp hjhq rèdpmps ihirp

ièdpmps v`vphk aèdhe hrh {hed kedke akpmps M`q`rhqhe rèdpnkhe

vphqp gkrlq`vkv qèqhed gpcpedhe hskhc`j rè`jkqkhe vhedhq q`sdheqped


65/117

01

rhah mphjkqhv ahqh {hed akrhmhk ahjhi rèdpnkhe q`sv`cpq Ckjh v`v`lshed

kedke ièdpmps c`shq vphqp cèah* ihmh kh ghspv ièddpehmhe

qkichedhe Hjhq kqp i`sprhmhe rèdpmps {hed hjka ckjh akrhmhk peqpm

ièdpmps c`shq* q`qhrk qkichedhe cpmhejhg hjhq rèdpmps {hed hjka

ckjhiheh akdpehmhe peqpm ièdpmps rhenhed Q`sahrhq qkdh nèkv

hjkakqhv {hkqp >

6888 _hjkakqhv mlevqspm

[hkqp vphqp mlev`r {hed ahrhq aknhchsmhe lj`g rè`jkqk c`sahvhsmhe

vphqp mlev`r q`lskqkm* q`qhrk qkahm ahrhq akpmps v`fhsh jhedvped ahe

vhedhq vpjkq peqpm ièdgkeahsk m`vhjhghe rèdpmpshe _hjkakqhv

mlevqspm i`sprhmhe i`qla` rèdpnkhe hjkakqhv {hed akdpehmhe

peqpm ahrhq i`jkghq gpcpedhe ahsk ghvkj rèdpmpshe vphqp hjhq

pmps aèdhe mlev`r q`lskqkm {hed i`jhqhs c`jhmhedke{h Nhak

ahrhq akmhqhmhe chgth hjkakqhv mlevqspm i`sprhmhe rslv`v {hed

c`sjhenpq v`nhjhe aèdhe r`smìchedhe rèd`qhgphe qèhqhed

mlev`r hqhp vkohq akièvk {hed akpmps Ièpspq Mhrjhe ahe

Vhffp~k* hjkakqhv mlevqspm akq`qhrmhe i`jhjpk vphqp a`s`qhe

akièvk qèqhed mlev`r {hed akpmps* {hed akaòèkvkmhe lj`g

rè`jkqk V`jhke kqp hjkakqhv mlevqspm npdh ahrhq akrheahed

v`chdhk mlev`r {hed iè{hqpmhe vìph nèkv hjkakqhv mlevqspm

Spipv {hed akdpehmhe ahjhi hjkakqhv mlevqspm hahjhg >

] e W[ 'W+ '[+ Y3

s 9 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) '38+

] e W3 'W+3 Y ]e [3 '[+3


66/117

00

akiheh > s 9 mlòkvkè mls`jhvk

E 9 npijhg s`vrleaè

W 9 ekjhk peqpm qkhr hskhc`j

[ 9 ekjhk ahsk v`jpspg hskhc`j

6883 Fs`hqkle s`jhqkle hjkakq{

_hjkakqhv nèkv kek c`smhkqhe aèdhe s`jhvk vphqp hjhq pmps aèdhe

hskhc`j mskq`skh q`sqèqp _hskhc`j mskq`skh i`sprhmhe vphqp

hskhc`j {hed iènhak vqheahs peqpm iìcheakedmhe ghvkj

rèdpmpshe Hah aph qkr` ahsk hjkakqhv nèkv kek {hkqp flefpssèq

hjkakq{ {hed ièpenpmmhe gpcpedhe heqhsh ghvkj rèdpmpshe

aèdhe ghvkj {hed v`cèhse{h ahe rsàkfqk` hjkakq{ {hed

ièpenpmmhe mìhirphe hjhq pmps {hed ièddhichsmhe vphqp

gpcpedhe heqhsh ghvkj rèdpmpshe vphqp hjhq pmps aèdhe m`hahhe

{hed hmhe ahqhed

6886 _hjkakqhv kvk

_hjkakqhv kek iìhmhk rìcpmqkhe v`fhsh jldkmh aèdhe ièdpmps

v`nhpg iheh kvk hjhq pmps q`jhg i`thmkjk vìph hvr`m m`shedmh

mlev`rqphj {hed akkedkemhe Rè`jkqkhe hjkakqhv kvk vphqp hjhq

pmps iìcpqpgmhe jldkmh {hkqp kea`mv ikekipi hjkakqhv kvk*

{hed ièpenpmmhe chgth kqì {hed v`ghspve{h ièdpmps vphqp

mlev`r* ghspv cèhs)cèhs q`sjkghq v`chdhkiheh mlev`r q`sv`cpq


67/117

0?

6%83% S`jkhckjkqhv

Hehjkvkv s`jkhckjkqhv akdpehmhe peqpm ièdpmps qkedmhq

m`r`sfh{hhe ahsk vphqp hjhq rèdpmpshe Rèdpmpshe {hed iìkjkmk ekjhk

s`jkhckjkqhv {hed qkeddk i`sprhmhe rèdpmpshe {hed ihirp iìc`skmhe

ghvkj ppmps {hed q`sr`sfh{h 's`jkhc`j+ Aèdhe mhqh jhke hehjkvkv

s`jkhckjkqhv akdpehmhe peqpm ièdpmps m`vqhckjhe ahe mlevkvqèvk hjhq pmps

ahjhi ièdpmps vphqp mlev`r {hed vhih Ckjh vphqp hjhq pmps akdpehmhe

aph mhjk ahjhi ièdpmps ihmh ghvkje{h s`jhqko mlevkvqè* ihmh hjhq pmps

q`sv`cpq ahrhq akmhqhmhe gheahj Q`sahrhq aph nèkv s`jkhckjkqhv {hkqp >

6838 S`jkhckjkqhv mvq`sehj

[hkqp s`jkhckjkqhv {hed iìcheakedmhe ghvkj aph m`jlirlm ahqh

Hah aph q`mekm rhah s`jkhckjkqhv `mvq`sehj {hkqp q`mekm rhshj`j

aèdhe iè{khrmhe aph r`shedmhq mpkvkle`s* mìpakhe màphe{h

akflchmhe rhah v`m`jlirlm s`vrleaè {hed vhih ahe q`mekm

pjhed aèdhe i`jhmpmhe aph mhjk r`sflchhe ièddpehmhe

mpkvkle`s {hed vhih* peqpm ièd`qhgpk hrhmhg v`lshed s`vrleaè

ihvkg mlevkvqè aèdhe nhthchee{h

6833 S`jkhckjkqhv keq`sehj

[hkqp s`jkhckjkqhv {hed akr`slj`g aèdhe ièdhehjkvkv ahqh {hed

c`shvhj ahsk vhqp mhjk rèdpnkhe mpkvkle`s Qkeddk sèahge{h

s`jkhckjkqhv v`fhsh ìrkskv akqpenpmmhe lj`g vphqp hedmh {hed

akv`cpq aèdhe mlòkvkè s`jkhckjkqhv 'Hjrgh Fslechfg+%

I`vmkrpe v`fhsh q`lskqkv c`vhse{h mlòkvkè s`jkhckjkqhv c`smkvhs


68/117

04

heqhsh 222)822 hmhe q`qhrk rhah mè{hqhhee{h mlòkvkè 822

qkahm hmhe r`sehg q`sfhrhk ahjhi rèdpmpshe vlvkhj {hed

ièdpmps hvr`m r`skjhmp hqhp rvkmljldkv Thjhprpe mlòkvkè

mls`jhvk ahrhq c`sqheah rlvkqko hqhp e`dhqko* hmhe q`qhrk ahjhi ghj

s`jkhckjkqhv mlòkvkè c`sqheah e`dhqko qkahm iìkjkmk hsqk mhsèh

keq`srs`qhvk s`jkhckjkqhv v`jhjp ièdhfp rhah mlòkvkè {hed rlvkqko

Mlòkvkè Hjrgh Fslechfg i`sprhmhe mlòkvkè s`jkhckjkqhv {hed

rhjked pipi akdpehmhe Mlòkvkè kek ahrhq akgkqped aèdhe

ièddpehmhe r`svhihhe v`chdhk c`skmpq >

Ms

9 )))))))))))))))) '33+8 - 'M s+ s

akiheh > 9 mlòkvkè s`jkhckjkqhvHjrgh Fslechfg

M 9 npijhg kqì

s 9 mls`jhvk kqì

6%86% Mls`jhvk Shem Vr`hsihe

Pnk mls`jhvk akjhmpmhe peqpm i`jkghq hrhmhg hah gpcpedhe heqhsh

ohmqls {hed vhqp aèdhe ohmqls {hed jhke Pnk mls`jhvk Shem Vr`hsihe kek

i`sprhmhe vphqp pnk vqhqkvqkm ele rhshi`qskm {hed iìr`sgkqpedmhe

r`skedmhq ahsk vphqp ahqh ak ahjhi rlrpjhvk q`sv`cpq M``shqhe gpcpedhe

heqhsh màph rlrpjhvk q`sv`cpq akjhichedmhe aèdhe ekjhk s {hed c`smkvhs

heqhsh )8 vhirhk aèdhe - 8

Ekjhk s 9 ) 8 ièpenpmmhe mls`jhvk e`dhqko {hed qkeddk heqhsh aph hskhc`j*


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07

vàhedmhe ekjhk s 9 - 8 ièpenpmmhe mls`jhvk rlvkqko {hed qkeddk heqhsh

aph hskhc`j Vàhedmhe ekjhk s 9 2 ièpenpmmhe heqhsh màph hskhc`j

qkahm hah mls`jhvk vhih v`mhjk Hahrpe jhedmhg)jhedmhg {hed ghspv

akjhmpmhe v`chdhk c`skmpq >

Iìcphq gkrlq`vkv q`sj`ckg ahgpjp* ikvhje{h >

Gl > 9 2 'qkahm hah gpcpedhe heqhsh kevèqko aèdhe mke`snh+

G8 > 2 'hah gpcpedhe heqhsh kevèqko aèdhe mke`snh+

Ièèqpmhe ekjhk qhc`j v`vphk aèdhe rèdpnkhe

Ièfhsk ah`shg rè`skihhe ahe ièljhm Gl q`sv`cpq v`vphk aèdhe qhc`j

{hed akqpenpmmhe rhah q`sv`cpq

Ièdgkqped mls`jhvk heqhsh kevèqko aèdhe mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk aèdhe

ièddpehmhe spipv mlòkvkè Shem Vr`hsihe {hkqp >

? A3Sv 9 8 )))))))))))))))))))

E ' e3

8+

akiheh > Sv 9 Mlòkvkè mls`jhvk Shem Vr`hsihe

A 9 Càh shemked

E 9 Npijhg vpc{`m rìkjkm ekjhk

Iìchfh qhc`j vqheahs rèdpmpshe mlòkvkè peqpm ièd`qhgpk

chdhkiheh rèdhspg kevèqko q`sghahr mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk c`sahvhsmhe

i`qla` rèdpnkhe {hed q`jhg akqèqpmhe M`vkirpjhe* iè`skih hqhp

ièljhm Gl


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0;

CHC K_

GHVKJ AHE R@ICHGHVHE

Chc kek iìchghv ghvkj rè`jkqkhe {hed i`jkrpqk a`vmskrvk ahqh s`vrleaè*

hskhc`j)hskhc`j rè`jkqkhe* rèdpnkhe gkrlq`vkv ahe rìchghvhe ghvkj rè`jkqkhe

18 Rèdpirpjhe Ahqh

Rèdpirpjhe ahqh akjhmpmhe aèdhe iè{`chs mpkvkle`s ahe

ththefhsh m`rhah rhsh r`dhthk Mpkvkle`s {hed q`jhg akvpvpe

akc`skmhe v`fhsh hfhm m`rhah rhsh 42 lshed r`dhthk {hed q`srkjkg v`chdhk

s`vrleaè peqpm akkvk

Hdhs qkahm q`snhak m`vhjhg rhghihe ahjhi rèdkvkhe mpkvkle`s*

s`vrleaè q`sj`ckg ahgpjp akc`skmhe rèn`jhvhe ièdèhk ihmvpa ahe

qpnphe ahsk rè{`chshe mpkvkle`s q`sv`cpq

13 Ahoqhs Akvqskcpvk Os`mtèvk

Ahjhi mpkvkle`s kek v`jhke c`skvk r`sqhe{hhe hskhc`j rè`jkqkhe

'hskhc`j kevèqko ahe mke`snh qèhdh rè`jkqk+ npdh c`skvk ahqh s`vrleaè

c`sprh nèkv m`jhike* pvkh* jhqhs c`jhmhed rèakakmhe* ihvh m`snh

h Nèkv M`jhike

Mjhvkokmhvk ahsk mhshm`skvqkm nèkv m`jhike akchdk ahjhi aph

m`jlirlm {hkqp Jhmk)jhmk ahe r`sìrphe C`sahvhsmhe ghvkj

rèdljhghe ahqh q`sghahr 42 lshed s`vrleaè ièpenpmmhe

chgth {hed c`snèkv m`jhike jhmk)jhmk 10 lshed '?1*3; %+


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?2

vàhedmhe {hed c`snèkv m`jhike r`sìrphe v`che{hm 30

lshed '60*48 %+ Ahqh {hed c`sahvhsmhe nèkv m`jhike ahrhq

akdhichsmhe rhah qhc`j 18 akchthg kek>

Qhc`j 18 S`vrleaè C`sahvhsmhe Nèkv M`jhike

Nèkv M`jhike Npijhg '%+

Jhmk)jhmk 10 ?1*3;

R`sìrphe30 60*48

Npijhg 42 822

c Pvkh S`vrleaè

S`vrleaè q`sche{hm c`shah rhah mkvhshe pvkh 6?)10 qhgpe

c`snpijhg 64 lshed '03*7?%+* akkmpqk s`vrleaè c`spvkh 1?)02

qhgpe c`snpijhg 8? lshed '33*7? %+* s`vrleaè c`spvkh 5 02

qhgpe 82 lshed '38*37%+ ahe s`vrleaè c`spvkh 3?)62 qhgpe 4

lshed '82%+

Pvkh S`vrleaè Npijhg '%+

3? ) 60 qhgpe 4 82

6? ) 10 qhgpe 64 03*7?

1? ) 02 qhgpe 8? 33*7?

5 02 qhgpe 82 38*37

Npijhg 42 822

Qhc`j 13 S`vrleaè C`sahvhsmhe Pvkh R`dhthk


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?8

f Rèakakmhe S`vrleaè

S`vrleaè q`sche{hm c`srèakakmhe VJQH c`snpijhg 34 lshed

'60*73%+* akkmpqk s`vrleaè c`srèakakmhe V)8 v`che{hm 36 lshed

'61*66%+* s`vrleaè aèdhe jhqhs c`jhmhed rèakakmhe V)3

c`snpijhg 83 lshed '84*;8%+ ahe s`vrleaè aèdhe jhqhs c`jhmhed

A)6 v`che{hm 7 lshed '88*;1%+

Qhc`j 16 S`vrleaè C`sahvhsmhe Qkedmhq Rèakakmhe

Rèakakmhe Npijhg

S`vrleaè

Rslvèqhv` '%+

VJQH 34 67*04

Akrjlih 'A6+ 7 88*16

Vhsnheh 'V8+ 36 63*7?

Rhvfh Vhsnheh 'V3+ 83 84*81

Npijhg 42 822

a Ihvh m`snh s`vrleaè

Mjhvkokmhvk ihvh m`snh s`vrleaè v`jhih c`sakehv v`chdhk r`dhthk

akchdk ahjhi 1 m`jlirlm ihvh m`snh {hkqp> m`jlirlm s`vrleaè

aèdhe ihvh m`snh mpshed ahsk 0 qhgpe* m`jlirlm s`vrleaè

{hed iìkjkmk ihvh m`snh 0)82 qhgpe* m`jlirlm s`vrleaè {hed

iìkjkmk ihvh m`snh 88)32 qhgpe ahe m`jlirlm s`vrleaè aèdhe

ihvh m`snh 5 32 qhgpe

Ahsk 42 lshed s`vrleaè {hed q`srkjkg* rslvèqhv` q`sqkeddk

{hkqp s`vrleaè {hed iìkjkmk ihvh m`snh 88)32 qhgpe v`c`vhs 60


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?3

lshed '02 %+* s`vrleaè aèdhe ihvh m`snh 5 32 qhgpe v`che{hm

30 lshed '60*48%+* s`vrleaè aèdhe ihvh m`snh 0)82 qhgpe

v`che{hm ? lshed '7*04 %+ ahe s`vrleaè aèdhe ihvh m`snh

mpshed ahsk 0 qhgpe v`che{hm 1 lshed '0*43 %+

Qhc`j 11 S`vrleaè C`sahvhsmhe Ihvh m`snh

Ihvh m`snh Npijhg '%+

: 0 qhgpe 1 0*43

0)82 qhgpe ? 7*04

88)32 qhgpe

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