peacekeeping challenges for small...
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
LTC SUNIL KUMAR Head Operations Other Than War (OOTW)Doctrine & Training Branch
PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:
THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION• Introduction• Dilemmas of Small States• Developing Niche Areas• Knowledge Building• Training• Conclusion
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
IMPORTANCE OF UN• Maintains International Peace
& Stability• Defuses International Crises• Resolves Conflicts• Undertakes a Range of Missions
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
DILEMMAS OF SMALL STATES• Small Size and Limited Resources• Singapore Armed Forces
– Conscript Armed Force
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE’S INVOLVEMENT• Contribution
– Over 1,500 SAF peacekeepers participated in UN missions
• Approach
TrainingTrainingKnowledge BuildingKnowledge Building
Niche AreasNiche Areas
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
DEVELOPING NICHE AREAS• Contributions Most Effective
and Valuable
TrainingTrainingKnowledge BuildingKnowledge Building
Niche AreasNiche Areas
Medical Support- Gulf War (1991)- East Timor (1999 - 2002)
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
DEVELOPING NICHE AREAS• Platoon Task Force• Company Task Force• Force Commander Group• Helicopter Detachment• UN Standby Arrangement
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
KNOWLEDGE BUILDING
TrainingTrainingKnowledge BuildingKnowledge Building
Niche AreasNiche Areas
Two - Pronged Approach- Participation as military observers, peacekeepers and medical personnel- Attend professional UN courses
Secondment to UN DPKO- Better understand parameters andrequirements of UN mission
- Real and constructive means of contribution
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
PEACEKEEPING TRAINING
TrainingTrainingKnowledge BuildingKnowledge Building
Niche AreasNiche Areas
PSO Training Prior to Deployment
- Effective from time of deployment- Not a burden to host country or UN
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UN Standby Arrangement System– Singapore signed an MOU with the UN on 21 May 1997
– The UNSAS is only for UN planning purposes; the final decision to deploy any resources for each mission still lies with the Singapore government
– Upon approval by Cabinet, SAF would need to deploy elements within a response time of 4 weeks
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• Commitment to the UN Standby Arrangement System
– 2 teams of military observers– 2 teams of Planning Officers– 1 Helicopter Detachment (with 4
helicopters)– 2 x C-130 to assist in deployments– 2 x CASEVAC teams– 1 x Medical team and or Medical staff
attachments to other Medical units
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNTAG– Namibia, 1989– 14 SAF Officers, 48
Police Personnel, 20 civil servants
• UNIKOM– Military Observers at
Iraq- Kuwait Border, – Participated 1991 to
Mar 03 (13 teams)
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNAVEM II– Angola, 1991- 92– 8 Officers
• UNTAC- Cambodia, 1993
- 4 Super Pumas, - 65 SAF personnel- 166 Police
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNOMSA– South Africa, 1994– 2 SAF Officers and 3
Police Officers
• MINUGUA– Guatemala, 1997– 5- men medical team
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNSMA– Afghanistan, 1997-98– 1 Military Adviser
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNTAET - UN Transitional Administration in East Timor -Feb 00 to May 02
- 4 x PKO HQ staff, - 3 x 61-men Platoon
Task Force in Western Sector
- 9 x 21-men Medical Team - 40 x Police Personnel
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UNMEE - Ethiopia and Eritrea Jan 01 onwards • Military Observer Participation• Participation ended in Jul 03
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
UNMISET• May 02 onwards - Over 250
personnel• Force Comdr UNMISET- PKF• Staff Planners at PKF HQ• Helicopter Detachment - 4 x
UHIH• Infantry Company
Safe Missions?
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• UN HQ-New York– Mission Planning Officer– Office of Internal Oversight
Services (OIOS)– Medical Support Unit– Situation Centre– Training, Logistics & Field
Administration Units– Force Generation Service
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• OPS NIGHTINGALE– Gulf War, 1990- 91– Medical Support in the
Gulf War (30 personnel)
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Coalition Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
• INTERFET - UN sanctioned International Force in East Timor - 17 Feb 99 to 28 Feb 00
– 4- men Liaison Team– 3 x LST for 2 months each– 1 x C130– 26 personnel Medical Team– 40 police personnel – Cumulative total of 373
personnel involved
Singapore’s Contribution to UN Coalition Operations
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
R
• Contributions based on UN Resolution 1511– Deployment of Air & Naval Assets for the
reconstruction of Iraq (UN SCR 1511)• C-130, C-135K, LST
• Regional Missions– Aceh Monitoring Mission
• 20 monitors from Aug 05-Dec 06
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
CONCLUSION• Peacekeeping is Complex and
Challenging• No “One Size Fits All” Solution• Developing Niche Areas• Finding New Areas in Peacekeeping
Fields
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PEACEKEEPING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL STATES:THE CASE OF SINGAPORE
End of Presentation
SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES
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