peace corps: "long needed improvements to volunteers'health care system" government accounting...

8/6/2019 Peace Corps: "Long Needed Improvements to Volunteers'Health Care System" Government Accounting Office - Nati

1/34

,Huiy 5 K ) 5

SFEDF DM_ST

Imln-Lffafa

Kjprmvfjflts tm

Pmiultffrs Gf

Derf Tystfj

iiiiiKKiiiiiiiii

1145;


2/34

* 8

--------

-.--- ]--. --


3/34

Letkmlei Tfdurkty ela

Kltfrletkmlei E``ekrs Akvkskml

O-?147>7

Huiy 4,5;;5

Qgf Gmlmreoif Aelkfi B. Klmuyf

Vlktfa Ttetfs Tfletf

Afer Tfletmr Klmuyf8

Qgks rfpmrt rfspmlas tm ymur rfqufst tget wf rfvkfw tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj `m

vmiultffrs. Kl rfspmlsf tm prmoifjs wf kafltk`kfa aurkln mur rfvkfw, tgf Sfedf Dmrps ges

klktketfa f``mrts tm kjprmvf (5) tgf queikty m` derf `mr vmiultffrs aurkln tgfkr sfrvkdf ela

(?) tgf essksteldf prmvkafa tm `mrjfr vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls. ^

rfdmjjfla tget tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps `miimw tgrmung ml tgfsf f``mrts ela eism

flsurf tget `mrjfr vmiultffrs erf kl`mrjfa m` tgfkr gfeitg derf oflf`kts.

^f erf sflakln dmpkfs m` tgks rfpmrt tm tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps ela tm mtgfr

kltfrfstfa pertkfs. Dmpkfs wkii of jeaf evekieoif tm mtgfrs ml rfqufst.

Sifesf dmltedt jf et (?3?) ?>00>;3 k` ymu gevf ely qufstkmls dmldfrlkln tgks rfpmrt. Qgf

jehmr dmltrkoutmrs erf ikstfa kl eppflakx K.

Tkldfrfiy ymurs,

Germia H. Hmglsml

Akrfdtmr, @mrfknl Fdmlmjkd

Essksteldf Kssufs


4/34

Fxfdutkvf Tujjery

Surpmsf

Sfedf Dmrps vmiultffrs, jely m` wgmj wmrb kl kjpmvfrksgfa dmultrkfs

tget gevf pmmr gfeitg dmlaktkmls, `edf e jyrkea m` kiilfssfs ela klhurkfs

essmdketfa wktg tgfkr wmrb. Qgfy afpfla ml tgf Sfedf Dmrps tm prmvkaf

tgfj wktg gfeitg derf.

Tfletmr Aelkfi B, Klmuyf esbfa

NEM

tm rfvkfw

tgf

eafquedy ela rfspml-

skvflfss m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps systfj `mr prmvkakln derf tm vmiultffrs.

NEM'T mohfdtkvfs wfrf tm aftfrjklf wgftgfr tgf enfldys pmikdkfs ela

prmdfaurfs flsurfa tget (5) vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa e ifvfi m` gfeitg derf

dmjpereoif tm wget tgfy wmuia rfdfkvf kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs ela

(?) `mrjfr vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls wfrf

ewerf m` ela rfdfkvkln tgfkr gfeitg derf fltktifjflt.

Oedbnrmula

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps Edt m` 5;05 (S.I. 7>-?;4) s tkpuietfs tget vmiultffrs

rfdfkvf gfeitg derf aurkln tgfkr sfrvkdf ela gfeitg derf oflf`kts e`tfr

tgfy ifevf tgf enfldy `mr sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls. Vlafr tgf

nukaeldf m` tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs, jfakdei m``kdfrs erf fxpfdtfa

tm prmvkaf derf tm vmiultffrs-kldiuakln prfvfltetkvf ela prkjery

gfeitg derf-tget es dimsfiy es pmsskoif epprmxkjetfs tgf ifvfi m` derf

evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Jfakdei m``kdfrs eism erf rfqukrfa tm

kl`mrj vmiultffrs m` tgf pmst-sfrvkdf oflf`kts tm wgkdg tgfy erf fltktifa

ulafr tgf @fafrei Fjpimyffs Dmjpflsetkml Edt

(@FDE).

Qgf M``kdf m`

Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs just gfip `mrjfr vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-rfietfa

gfeitg prmoifjs `kif e diekj `mr tgfsf oflf`kts.

Oy tgf 5;73s tgf Sfedf Dmrps gea rfpiedfa jmst V.T.-treklfa pgyskdkels

wktg rfnkstfrfa lursfs, jmst m` wgmj wfrf `mrfknl-treklfa, `mr kts jfa-

kdei m``kdfr pmsktkmls. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps afdkskml tm swktdg tm `mrfknl-

treklfa lursfs wes jeaf `mr rfesmls m` fdmlmjy, iedb m` evekieoif amd-

tmrs, ela tm fjpimy jmrf gmst dmultry letkmleis.

_fsuits kl Orkf`

Eitgmung jmst vmiultffrs ela `mrjfr vmiultffrs dmltedtfa oy

NEM

wfrf

setks`kfa wktg tgf queikty m` gfeitg derf prmvkafa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps,

NEM'T

rfvkfw aksdimsfa tget tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj aka lmt

flsurf tget vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa e stelaera m` derf tget dimsfiy epprmxk-

jetfa tgf ifvfi m` derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. @urtgfrjmrf,

tgf

enfldy aka lmt gevf rfikeoif ela systfjetkd aete tm blmw wget queikty

m` derf wes ofkln prmvkafa. Qgf depeokiktkfs m` jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf lm

fveiuetfa, ela tgfy rfdfkvfa klsu``kdkflt treklkln ela nukaeldf `rmj tg

Sfedf Dmrps, Qgf gfeitg derf systfj gea lmt offl suohfdtfa tm e jfakde

rfvkfw oy el klafpflaflt eddrfaktkln mrnelkzetkml dmjperkln tgf

Senf ?

NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


5/34

FxfdutkvfTululery

queikty m` derf prmvkafa eneklst V.T. stelaeras, Ofdeusf tgf Sfedf

Dmrps gea el kleafquetf gfeitg derf systfj, vmiultffrs smjftkjfs

rfdfkvfa el kl`frkmr ifvfi m` gfeitg derf.

Kl eaaktkml, e NEM survfy sgmwfa tget `rmj 53 tm 43 pfrdflt m` `mrjfr

vmiultffrs gea jfakdei prmoifjs rfietfa tm tgfkr Sfedf Dmrps sfrvkdf,

ela m` tgfsf, eomut gei` gea lmt `kifa e @FDE diekj `mr tgfkr prmoifj.

Tmjf wfrf ulewerf m` tgfsf oflf`kts ela smjf gea usfa tgfkr prkvetf

klsureldf tm dmvfr jfakdei fxpflsfs. Mtgfrs wgm gea smungt gfip kl

`kikln e diekj seka tgfy rfdfkvfa kleafquetf essksteldf `rmj tgf M``kdf

Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps ofnel tm dmrrfdt jely m` tgfsf prmoifjs es e rfsuit m

NEM'T

rfvkfw, ela smjf dmrrfdtkvf edtkmls, sudg es kjprmvkln tgf

@FDE

systfj ela prmvkakln `ulas `mr jfakdei m``kdfr mrkfltetkml, gea rfdfkv

Sfedf Dmrps ettfltkml of`mrf NEM'T rfvkfw. Eitgmung kt wes tmm feriy t

essfsswgftgfr tgfsf edtkmls wmuia dmrrfdt eii tgf imln-stelakln

prmoifjs,

NEM

wes fldmurenfa oy tgf enfldys rfspmlsf tm tgfj.

Srkldkpei @klaklns

SfedfDmrps Tystfj

Kleafquetf tm Flsurf e

V.T. Ttelaera m` Gfeitg

Nerf

NEM'T

survfy m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs sgmwfa tget >4 pfrdflt wfrf setks`kf

wktg tgf queikty m` gfeitg derf tget jfakdei m``kdfrs prmvkafa. Lmlftgf

ifss,

NEM

`mula tget tgf enfldys pmikdkfs ela prmdfaurfs `mr gkrkln el

treklkln kts jfakdei m``kdfrs, es wfii es `mr jmlktmrkln tgfkr edtkvktkfs,

wfrf klsu``kdkflt. @mr fxejpif,

. tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs aka lmt tfst mr mtgfrwksf essfss ts jfa-

kdei m``kdfrs eokikty tm prmvkaf tgf rfqukrfa ifvfi m` derf2

i

tgf sdmpf m` derf tget jfakdei m``kdfrs sgmuia of dmjpftflt tm prmvkaf

gea lfvfr offl af`klfa2

i

mrkfltetkmls wfrf lmt rfqukrfa `mr lfw jfakdei m``kdfrs2

. dmltklukln jfakdei faudetkml dml`frfldfs wfrf spmreakd ela tmm sgmrt

prmvkaf drktkdei gfeitg derf treklkln ela nukaeldf tm tgf jfakdei

m``kdfrs2 ela

. kl-dmultry fveiuetkmls, tgf prkjery jfdgelk sj `mr jmlktmrkln tgf

queikty m` derf prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs, wfrf dmlaudtfa et ?-yfer kltfr-

veis mr imlnfr ela wfrf smjftkjfs kldmjpiftf.

Es e rfsuit m` tgfsf ela mtgfr af`kdkfldkfs, smjf m` tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs

dmltredtfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps (5) jey lmt of queik`kfa tm prmvkaf tgf

Senf 4

NEM/L&KA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


6/34

Fxfdutkvf Tujjery

ifvfi m` gfeitg derf rfqukrfa oy tgf spfdk`kd dmlaktkmls m` e dmultry,

(?) wfrf ulèjkiker wktg mr ultreklfa kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps akenlmstkd e

trfetjflt prmdfaurfs, ela (4) prmvkafa derf tget wes ofymla tgfkr dmj

pftfldf mr aka lmt `miimw Sfedf Dmrps nukafiklfs. @mr fxejpif, twm jf

kdei m``kdfrs `rmj Ietkl Ejfrkde gea pfr`mrjfa, wktgmut ely treklkln,

pep sjfers ml vmiultffrs `mr ? yfers. Kl eaaktkml, NEM'T eleiysks m` jf

kdei `kifs sgmwfa jely vkmietkmls m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf nukaf

iklfs, es wfii es klsteldfs m` kldmrrfdt akenlmsks ela trfetjflts. Sfedf

Dmrps m``kdkeis enrffa tget smjf m` tgfsf prmoifjs dmuia pfrskst `mr

jmltgs mr fvfl yfers of`mrf ofkln aksdmvfrfa.

Gfeitg Derf Tystfj Gea

Lfvfr _fdfkvfa el

Klafpflaflt Jfakde 5

- .

Bfvkfw

Vlikbf tgf gfeitg derf systfjs `mr tgf Afpertjflt m` Af`flsf, tgf

Afpertjflt m` Pftfrels E`èkrs, ela tgf Letkmlei Klstktutfs m` Gfeitg,

tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj gea lfvfr offl rfvkfwfa oy el

klafpflaflt enfldy sudg es tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml ml Eddrfaktetkml m`

Gfeitgderf Mrnelkzetkmls. Tudg rfvkfws erf dmjjml kl tgf gfeitg derf

klaustry es e jftgma m` flsurkln e ulk`mrjiy gkng stelaera m` derf. Q

Hmklt Dmjjksskml, `mr fxejpif, dfrtk`kfs jmst V.T. gmspkteis e`tfr dmj

perkln tgfkr sfrvkdfs wktg letkmlei gfeitg derf stelaeras.

Kleafquetf @FDE

Essksteldf Srmvkafa tm

Tmjf @mrjfr Pmiultffrs

Ofdeusf jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf lmt eafquetfiy treklfa ml @FDE flf`kts,

jely `mrjfr vmiultffrs wfrf lmt ewerf m` tgfkr pmst-sfrvkdf gfei tg de

fltktifjflt. Mur survfy m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs sgmwfa tget `rmj 53 tm 4

pfrdflt m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs gea jfakdei prmoifjs rfietfa tm tgfkr

Sfedf Dmrps sfrvkdf, ela eomut 63 pfrdflt gea lmt `kifa e @FDE diekj.

Qgf survfy eism sgmwfa tget `rmj 17 tm 07 pfrdflt gea lmt rfdfkvfa

kl`mrjetkml eomut tgfkr @FDE oflf`kts. @mrjfr vmiultffrs wgm gea

rfqufstfa essksteldf `rmj tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs kl tgf pest

? yfers nflfreiiy klakdetfa tget tgf essksteldf wes eafquetf, pmsskoiy

rfìfdtkln kjprmvfjflts kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps @FDE rmnrej aurkln tgks

pfrkma. @mrjfr vmiultffrs wgm gea if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps prkmr tm tgks

pfrkma nflfreiiy seka tgf essksteldf wes lmt eafquetf.

Siellfa Kjprmvfjflts tm

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs ofnel tm kjprmvf kts gfeitg derf systfj

tgf SfedfDmrps Gfeitg

es e rfsuit m` NEM'T `klaklns, Qgfsf klktketkvfs kldiuafa (5) e 1-wffb mrk

Derf Tystfj

fltetkml `mr eii lfw jfakdei m` kdfrs, (?) elluei treklkln dml`frfldfs,

(4) e queikty essureldf prmnrej tm kjprmvf gfeitg derf jmlktmrkln el

[

sfrvkdf afikvfry, ela (1) el klafpflaflt jfakdei rfvkfw.

Senf 1

NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


7/34

@bfdutkvfTujjjy

Kl eaaktkml, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvk dfs ges tebfl e lujofr m` stfps

kl rfspmlsf tm prmoifjs

NEM

kafltk`kfa. Qgfsf kldiuafa (5) flsurkln

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs dmldurrfldf ml tgf sfifdtkml m` jfakdei

m``kdfrs, (?) klstktutkml m` e lfw jmlktmrkln `mrj afsk nlfa tm fjpgeskz

queikty-m`-derf kssufs, ela (4) afvfimpjflt m` e vkafm tm ofttfr kl`mrj

durrflt vmiultffrs m` tgfkr pmst-sfrvkdf gfeitg derf oflf`kts. Eism,

kjprmvfjflts tm tgf Sfedf Dmrps jelenfjflt m` kts

@FDE

prmnrej,

klstktutfa prkmr tm

NEM'T

rfvkfw, sgmuia gfip tm eiifvketf smjf m` tgf

pmst-sfrvkdf prmoifjs vmkdfa oy `mrjfr vmiultffrs.

_fdmjjflaetkmls

NEM

rfdmjjflas tget tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps

. `miimw tgrmung ml tgf klktketkvfs ellmuldfa ela tgmsf kt ges ofnul tm

kjpifjflt, kldiuakln e piel tm klstktutf el klafpflaflt fveiuetkml oy

tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml ml Eddrfaktetkml m` Gfeitgderf Mrnelkzetkmls mr

skjkier mrnelkzetkml, tm kjprmvf tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj

ela

i rfqukrf tget eii `mrjfr vmiultffrs of kl`mrjfa m` tgfkr pmst-sfrvkdf

gfeitg derf oflf`kts.

Enfldy Dmjjflts

Sfedf Dmrps prmnrej m``kdkeis prmvkafa mrei dmjjflts ml tgks rfpmrt,

ela tgfkr dmjjflts gevf offl kldiuafa es epprmprketf. Sfedf Dmrps

m``kdkeis nflfreiiy enrffa tget tgf enfldys systfj wes kleafquetf `mr

flsurkln tget vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa e ifvfi m` derf tget epprmxkjetfa tg

derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Gmwfvfr, tgfy stetfa tget afspktf

tgf gfeitg derf systfj af`kdkfldkfs kafltk`kfa oy

NEM,

ela ofkln edtfa

upml oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps, tgf edtuei queikty m` derf prmvkafa tm vmiul-

tffrs wes nmma. Qgfy pmkltfa tm

NEM'T

survfy m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs, jm

m` wgmj rfpmrtfa setks`edtkml wktg tgf gfeitg derf tgfy gea rfdfkvfa,

es fvkafldf.

NEM

aka lmt ess fss gf mvfreii queikty m` derf tgf Sfedf Dmrps prmvkafa

tm kts vmiultffrs, out klstfea fveiuetfa tgf eafquedy m` tgf Sfedf Dmrp

systfj `mr flsurkln tget kts mwl jfakdei nukafiklfs wfrf `miimwfa.

NEM

`mula, ela tgf Sfedf Dmrps enrffa, tget kts systfj dmuia lmt prmvkaf

tgks essureldf. @urtgfrjmrf,

NEM

`mula su``kdkflt fvkafldf m` kldmrrfd

akenlmsfs ela trfetjflt tget rfsuitfa `rmj lmldmjpikeldf m` tgf Sfed

Dmrps gfeitg derf nukafiklfs tm dmldiuaf tget kjprmvfjflts wfrf

lffafa kl tgf enfldys jelenfjflt m` kts gfeitg derf prmnrej.

Senf 0

NEM/LTKEA;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


8/34

Dmltflts

Fxfdutkvf Tujjery

Dgeptfr 5

Kltrmaudtkml

@mrfknl-Qreklfa Lursfs _fpiedfa V.T.-Qreklfa Sgyskdkels

Sfedf Dmrps Ges Fsteoiksgfa Smikdkfs ela Srmdfaurfs `mr

Srmvkakln Gfeitg Derf

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs Mvfrsffs Gfeitg Derf Tystfj

Mohfdtkvfs, Tdmpf, ela Jftgmamimny

Dgeptfr ?

Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg

Tfifdtkml Smikdy ^es Lmt Dmlskstfltiy @miimwfa

Derf Tystfj es

Dmjpftfldkfs m` Jfakdei M``kdfrs ^frf Lmt Essfssfa

Kleafquetf tm Flsurf

Tdmpf m` Derf tm Of Srmvkafa Gea Lmt Offl Aftfrjklfa

Mrkfltetkml Lmt Srmvkafa tm Jmst Jfakdei M``kdfrs

el Epprmprketf Ifvfi

Dmltklukln Faudetkml ^es Tpmreakd

m` Derf

Srmdfaurfs `mr Jmlktmrkln Gfeitg Derf ^frf Kleafquetf

Gfeitg Derf Tystfj Gea Lfvfr _fdfkvfa el Klafpflaflt

Jfakdei _fvkfw

Siellfa Kjprmvfjflts tm Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Derf

Tystfj

Dmldiuskmls

_fdmjjflaetkml

Enfldy Dmjjflts ela Mur Fveiuetkml

Dgeptfr 4

@mrjfr Pmiultffrs

^ktg Tfrvkdf-_fietfa

Gfeitg Srmoifjs Jey

Eajklkstretkvf Srmdfsskln m` @FDE Oflf`kts

Jely @mrjfr Pmiultffrs ^frf Lmt Ewerf m` Qgfkr @FDE

Fltktifjflt

Essksteldf kl @kikln Diekjs Ges Lmt Eiweys Offl

Lmt _fdfkvf Gfeitg -

Eafquetf

Oflf`kts

Eii Fiknkoif @mrjfr Pmiultffrs Jey Ttkii Lmt _fdfkvf

@FDE Oflf`kts

Dmldiuskmls

_fdmjjflaetkml

Enfldy Dmjjflts ela Mur Fveiuetkml

Eppflakx

Eppflakx K8 Jehmr Dmltrkoutmrs tm Qgks _fpmrt

Qeoif

Qeoif 5.58 Oedbnrmula Qreklkln m` Sfedf Dmrps Jfakdei

M``kdfrs

Senf 0

NEM/LTIEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


9/34

Dmltflts

Eoorfvketkmls

.

@@EW

@fafrei Fjpimyffs Dmjpflsetkml Edt

NEM

Nflfrei Eddmultkln M``kdf

Senf >

NEM/LTIEKJi- ?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


10/34

Dgeptfr 5

Kltrmaudtkml

Jmrf tgel 543,333 vmiultffrs gevf hmklfa tgf Sfedf Dmrps skldf kts

kldfptkml kl 5;05 tm gfip kjprmvf ikvkln dmlaktkmls kl eomut 533 dmul-

trkfs wmriawkaf. Durrfltiy, eomut 0,333 vmiultffrs erf wmrbkln kl

>4 dmultrkfs. ^gkif mvfrsfes, vmiultffrs rfiy ml tgf Sfedf Dmrps tm prm

vkaf tgfj wktg tgf essksteldf ela suppmrt lfdfssery tm am tgfkr wmrb.

Ejmln tgf prkjery erfes m` essksteldf prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs ks gfeitg

derf. Qgf vmiultffrs m`tfl wmrb kl dmultrkfs wktg pmmr gfeitg dmlakt kml

ela kleafquetf jfakdei afi kvfry systfjs, ela tgf Sfedf Dmrps nmei `m

prmvkakln gfeitg derf tm tgfj ks tm epprmxkjetf, es dimsfiy es pmsskoif,

tgf sejf ifvfi m` gfeitg derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Afpertjflt

m` Ttetf jfakdei sfrvkdfs erf lmt nflfreiiy evekieoif tm vmiultffrs. E`tf

tgfy ifevf tgf Sfedf Dmrps, vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-rfietfa kiilfssfs mr

mtgfr jfakdei dmlaktkmls erf fiknkoif tm rfdfkvf gfeitg derf oflf`kts. Qgf

Sfedf Dmrps essksts tgfj kl moteklkln tgmsf oflf`kts `rmj tgf Afpert-

jflt m` Ieomr.

@mrfknl-Qreklfa

Kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps `krst afdeaf, tgf gfeitg derf m` mvfrsfes vmiultffrs

Lursfs _fpiedfa VT-

wes tgf rfspmlskokikty m` V.T.-treklfa pgyskdkels wgm wfrf jfjofrs m`

tgf V.T. Suoikd Gfeitg Tfrvkdf. Aurkln tgf feriy 5;>3s gmwfvfr, tgf

Qreklfa Sgyskdkels

Suoikd Gfei tg Tfrvkdf wes uleoif tm prmvkaf amdtmrs tm tgf Sfedf Dmrps

ofdeusf m` jelpmwfr sgmrtenfs aurkln tgf Pkftlej ^er.

Kl rfspmlsf, tgf Sfedf Dmrps ofnel tm fjpimy pgys kdkels akrfdtiy, out k

fxpfrkfldfa tgf sejf rfdruktjflt ak``kduitkfs es tgf Suoikd Gfeitg Tfr-

vkdf. Qgf ak``kduitkfs m` rfdruktkln pgyskdkels kl tgf feriy 5;>3s dmkl-

dkafa wktg el enfldy klktketkvf tm rfaudf mpfretkln fxpflsfs ela

kldrfesf drmss-duiturei ulafrstelakln oy fjpimykln nrfetfr lujofrs m

gmst dmultry letkmleis, prkjerkiy es jfakdei ela eajklkstretkvf m``kdfrs

Es e rfsuit, V.T. -treklfa pgyskdkels wfrf iernfiy rfpiedfa oy lursfs

treklfa mutskaf tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Kl tgf jka-5;>3s, tgf Sfedf Dmrps

dmlvfrtfa kts jfakdei m``kdfr pmsktkmls `rmj fjpimyffs m` tgf Sfedf

Dmrps tm dmltredt fjpimyffs, `urtgfr eiimwkln tgf enfldy tm rfaudf pfr

smllfi dmsts.

Oy tgf 5;7Ms, jmst Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf `mrfknl-treklfa

dmltredt fjpimyffs -iernfiy rfnkstfrfa lursfs-gkrfa kl tgf Sfedf

Dmrps dmultry oy tgf dmultry akrfdtmr. Eitgmung tgf Sfedf Dmrps

rfteklfa tgf eutgmrkty tm gkrf V.T.-treklfa pgyskdkels, kt fjpimyfa mliy

e `fw kl E`rkde. Qeoif 5.5 sgmws tgf typf ela imdetkml m` treklkln m` tgf

;0 Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``kdfrs fjpimyfa es m` Hulf 5;;5.

Senf 7 NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


11/34

dgeptfr 5

Kltrmaudtkml

Qeoif 5.58 Oedbnrmula Qreklkln m` Sfedf

Dmrps Jfaidei M``kdfrs

Dfrtk`kdetkml Qreklkln imdetkml

Lujo

_fnkstfrfa lursf Gmst mr tgkra dmultry

Vlktfa Ttetfs

Sgyskdkel Gmst mr tgkra dmultry

Vlktfa Ttetfs

Lursf predtktkmlfr

Qmtei

Vlktfa Ttetfs

Tmurdf8 Sfedf Dmrps.

SfedfDmrps Ges

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps Edt m` 5;05 (S.I. 7>-?;4) akrfdts tgf Sfedf Dmrps tm

Fsteoiksgfa Smikdkfs

prmvkaf gfeitg derf tm vmiultffrs. Qgks derf ks tm kldiuaf fxejkletkmls

of`mrf sfrvkdf, kjjulkzetkmls ela afltei derf kl prfperetkml `mr tgfkr

ela Srmdfaurfs mr

sfrvkdf, gfeitg derf aurkln tgfkr sfrvkdf, ela e gfeitg fxejklet kml e`tf

Srmvkakln Gfeitg Derf

tfrjkletkml m` tgfkr sfrvkdf. Qgf edt eism stkpuietfs tget `mrjfr vmiul-

tffrs wgm su``fr `rmj sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls erf fltktifa tm

@fafrei Fjpimyff Dmjpflsetkml Edt

(@FDE)

oflf`kts.

Sfedf Dmrps pmikdkfs kjpifjfltkln tgf edt erf dmlteklfa kl tgf Sfedf

Dmrps Jeluei. Kt jelaetfs dmjprfgflskvf gfeitg derf `mr edtkvf sfrvkd

vmiultffrs wgkif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs ela mvfrsfes. Qgf jeluei stetfs

tget tgf kl-dmultry jfakdei m``kdfrs erf fxpfdtfa tm prmvkaf tgf vmiul-

tffrs prkjery jfakdei derf et e Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``k df mr et eutgmr

kzfa `edkiktkfs. Imdei spfdkeiksts mr dmlsuitelts jey of usfa es lfdfsser

Qgf jeluei eism rfqukrfs jfakdei m``kdfrs tm kl`mrj vmiultffrs m` tgfkr

jfakdei oflf`kts evekieoif ulafr

@FDE.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps Qfdglkdei Nukafiklfs `mr Mvfrsfes Jfakdei Tte`` fste

iksgfs ulk`mrj prmdfaurfs ela kltfrprfts Sfedf Dmrps pmikdy es sft `mrt

kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps Jeluei. Qgf nukafiklfs dmjoklf jfakdei predtkdfs,

diklkdei stelaeras, ela Sfedf Dmrps prmdfaurfs ela fxpfrkfldf kltm ake

lmstkd ela trfetjflt epprmedgfs `mr sfifdtfa dmlaktkmls. @mr fxejpif,

tgf jeierke nukafiklf, wrkttfl wktg tgf eavkdf m` tgf Jeierke Oreldg m

tgf Dfltfrs `mr Aksfesf Dmltrmi, prmvkafs jfakdei m``kdfrs wktg kl`mrje

tkml ml tgf prfvfltkml ela trfetjflt m` jeierke. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps

rfqukrfs tget eii gfeitg derf, wgftgfr prmvkafa oy jfakdei m``kdfrs mr

imdei prmvkafrs, strkdtiy `miimw tgf prmdfaurfs kl tgf tfdglkdei

nukafiklfs.

Senf ;



12/34

Dgeptfr 5

Kltrmaudtkml

M``kdf m` Jfakdei

Tfrvkdfs Mvfrsffs

Gfeitg Derf Tystfj

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs ks rfspmlskoif `mr jelenkln

tgf mvfreii afikvfry m` gfeitg derf tm vmiultffrs. Kts prkjery rfspmlskok

ktkfs erf tm fsteoiksg jfakdei pmik dy ela suppmrt jfakdei m``kdfrs kl tgf

`kfia. Kt eism ks rfspmlskoif `mr sfttkln gfeitg derf stelaeras `mr jfakdei

m``kdfrs, fsteoik sgkln akenlmstkd ela trfetjflt jftgmas `mr vmiultffrs

kiilfssfs, dmlaudtkln fveiuetkmls m` Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``kdfrs ela

imdei jfakdei èdkiktkfs ela sfrvkdfs, eleiyzkln aete ml tgf gfeitg dmlak-

tkmls m` vmiultffrs, dmlaudtkln jfakdei faudetkml dml`frfldfs `mr jfa-

kdei m``kdfrs, ela gfipkln `mrjfr vmiultffrs motekl tgfkr @FDE

fltktifjflt.

Qgf kl-dmulty jfakdei m``kdfrs prmvkaf prfvfltetkvf ela prkjery gfeit

derf tm vmiultffrs. Qgks derf kldiuafs trfetkln dmjjml kiilfssfs ela

klhurkfs kl eddmraeldf wktg eddfptfa prm`fsskmlei stelaeras es aftfr-

jklfa oy tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs. @mr kiilfssfs ofymla tgfkr depe

okiktkfs, jfakdei m``kdfrs del rf`fr vmiultffrs tm imdei amdtmrs, diklkds, mr

gmspkteis, mr jfakdeiiy fveduetf tgfj tm e dmultry wktg jmrf eaveldfa

jfakdei derf.

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs eism prmvkafs e dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf jfakde

fxejkletkml ela tfstkln tm eii vmiultffrs aurkln tgf nm-aey pfrkma

of`mrf tgfkr tfrj m` sfrvkdf flas mr up tm 43 aeys e`tfr dmjpiftkml m`

auty kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps eutgmrkzfs fveiuetkmls kl tg

Vlktfa Ttetfs m` ely sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls tget rfqukrf ùr

tgfr ettfltkml, ela k` lfw prmoifjs ofdmjf fvkaflt, `mrjfr vmiultffrs

jey deii tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs `mr eaaktkmlei eutgmrkzetkmls

aurkln tgf `krst 0 jmltgs e`tfr tgfy rfturl.

@mrjfr vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls erf fltktifa

tm gfeitg derf tgrmung @FJ. Qgf fltktifjflt, wgkdg ges lm tkjf ikjkt,

kldiuafs tgf dmst m` jfakdei, akseokikty, ela dmjpflsetkml `mr ely jfa-

kdei dmlaktkmls deusfa mr ennrevetfa oy Sfedf Dmrps sfrvkdf. Pmiultffrs

erf fxdiuafa `rmj @FDE dmvfrenf k` tgfkr dmlaktkmls rfsuit `rmj wkiiùi

jksdmlaudt, ettfjptfa sukdkaf, mr kltmxkdetkml. Jfakdei m``kdfrs erf

rfqukrfa tm kl`mrj vmiultffrs m` tgfkr rkngt tm `kif e diekj ulafr @FWE,

ela tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs ks rfqukrfa tm esskst `mrjfr vmiultffr

kl dmjpiftkln ela suojkttkln e diekj tm tgf Afpertjflt m` Ieomr. Qgf

Afpertjflt m` Ieomr eahuakdetfs eii diekjs `kifa ulafr @FDE.

Mohfdtkvfs, Tdmpf,ela

^f rfvkfwfa tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfei tg derf systfj et tgf rfqufst m` Tfl

Jftgmamimny

etmr Aelkfi B. Klmuyf. NEM'T mohfdtkvfs wfrf tm aftfrjklf wgftgfr tgf

enfldys pmikdkfs ela prmdfaurfs flsurfa tget (5) vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa e

Senf 53



13/34


14/34

Dgeptfr 5

Kltrmaudtkel

Et omtg tgf Sfedf Dmrps ela tgf Afpertjflt m` Ieomr, wf rfvkfwfa el

aksdussfa pmikdkfs ela prmdfaurfs `mr prmvkakln @FDE oflf`kts tm `mrjfr

vmiultffrs. ^f eism dmlaudtfa e tfifpgmlf survfy m` ;? `mrjfr vmiul-

tffrs ikvkln kl eii perts m` tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs eomut (5) tgf queikty m` der

tgfy rfdfkvfa aurkln tgfkr sfrvkdf, (?) tgfkr blmwifanf m` tgf @FDE

gfeitg derf fltktifjflt, (4) wgftgfr tgfy su``frfa `rmj ely sfrvkdf-

rfietfa gfeitg prmoifjs, ela (1) tgf eafquedy m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps essks

teldf

kl moteklkln @FDE flf`kts. Eii tgf `mrjfr vmiultffrs wf survfyfa

gea if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps oftwffl 5;77 ela 5;7;. Qgf survfy pfrdflt-

enfs prfsfltfa kl tgks rfpmrt gevf e ;6 pfrdflt dml`kafldf ifvfi pius mr

jklus 53 pfrdflt.

Mur jfakdei dmlsuitelt rfvkfwfa ?57 Sfedf Dmrps

@FDE

`kifs tm aftfr-

jklf wgftgfr tgf jfakdei dmlaktkmls kl tgf diekjs gea offl kafltk`kfa k

tgf dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf fxejs. ^ktg tgf fxdfptkml m` afltei diekjs, tgfsf

`kifs rfprfsfltfa eii Sfedf Dmrps diekjs `kifa kl 5;;3, es wfii es tgf 5;7

@FUK diekjs `mr tgf skx dmultrkfs tget wf vksktfa. ^f aksdussfa Sfedf

Dmrps vmiultffrs

@FDE

diekjs wktg Afpertjflt m` Ieomr m``kdkeis.

^f eism jft wktg rfprfsfltetkvfs m` tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml ml Eddrfakte-

tkml m` Gfeitgderf Mrnelkzetkmls tm aksduss V.T. stelaeras m` derf ela

tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj.

Sfedf Dmrps prmnrej m``kdkeis prmvkafa mrei dmjjflts ml tgks rfpmrt,

ela tgfkr dmjjflts gevf offl kldmrpmretfa es epprmprketf.

^f dmlaudtfa mur rfvkfw `rmj Hulf 5;;3 tm Eprki 5;;5 kl eddmraeldf

wktg nflfreiiy eddfptfa nmvfrljflt euaktkln stelaeras.

Senf 5?


,


15/34

Dgeptfr ?

SfedfDmrps Gfeitg Derf Tystfj es

Kleafquetf tl @lsurf el Epprmprketf Ifvfi

m` Dexf

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj aka lmt flsurf tget vmiultffrs

rfdfkvfa epprmxkjetfiy tgf sejf ifvfi m` derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa

Ttetfs. ^f `mula tget tgf sfifdtkml pmikdy `mr jfakdei m``kdfrs wes lmt

`miimwfa, tgfkr kl-gmusf treklkln wes kleafquetf, ela tgf prmdfaurfs `

jmlktmrkln tgfkr edtkvktkfs wfrf klsu``kdkflt. Tpfdk`kdeiiy, tgmsf af`kdkfl

dkfs kldiuafa tgf `miimwkln8

. Jely Sfedf Dmrps dmultry akrfdtmrs gkrfa jfakdei m``kdfrs wktgmut

moteklkln epprmvei `rmj tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs, es rfqukrfa oy

Sfedf Dmrps rfnuietkmls.

i

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs aka lmt essfss gf dmjpftfldy m` kts jf

kdei m``kdfrs.

i

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea lmt diferiy af`klfa tgf sdmpf m` der

tget jfakdei m``kdfrs sgmuia of dmjpftflt tm prmvkaf.

i Qreklkln prmdfaurfs, ultki 5;;5, aka lmt flsurf tget jfakdei m``kdfrs

rfdfkvfa el mrkfltetkml.

i

Qgf dmltklukln faudetkml dml`frfldfs wfrf spmreakd ela tmm sgmrt.

. Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs aka lmt eafquetfiy jmlktmr tgf queikty

derf prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs.

^ktgmut eafquetf nukafiklfs ela dmltrmis kl kts gfeitg derf systfj, tgf

Sfedf Dmrps gkrfa jfakdei m``kdfrs wgm wfrf lmt treklfa tm prmvkaf tgf

ifvfi m` derf rfqukrfa, ela smjf ettfjptfa tm prmvkaf derf tget wes

ofymla tgfkr dmjpftfldf mr vkmietfa Sfedf Dmrps nukafiklfs. Kl eaaktkml

tgf gfeitg derf systfj gea lmt offl suohfdtfa tm e jfakdei rfvkfw oy e

klafpflaflt eddrfaktkln mrnelkzetkml, wgkdg dmuia gevf kafltk`kfa tgfs

af`kdkfldkfs. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps edblmwifanfa tgf prmoifjs wf kafltk`kfa

ela ofnel tm tebf stfps tm kjprmvf kts gfeitg derf systfj.

Tfifdtkml Smikdy ^es

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps Jeluei, wgkdg afiklfetfs tgf sfifdtk ml prmdfss `mr

Lmt Dmlskstfltiy

jfakdei m``kdfrs, stetfs tget tgf rfnkmlei ak rfdtmr kl ^esgklntml, A.D.,

dmlsuitetkml wktg tgf dmultry akrfdtmr, sfifdts tgf jfakdei m``kdfr e`tfr

@miimwfa

tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs aftfrjklfs tget tgf klakvkauei ges tgf

prm`fsskmlei queik`kdetkmls lfdfssery tm jfft tgf gfeitg derf lffas kl

tget dmultry. Kl jebkln tget huanfjflt, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs

akrfdtfa tm dmlskafr (5) tgf jfakdei afikvfry systfj evekieoif tm vmiul-

tffrs kl tgf dmultry ela (?) tgf pest fxpfrkfldf kl tget dmultry dml-

dfrlkln flafjkd aksfesfs, sfrkmus aksfesfs, jfakdei fveduetkmls, ela

flvkrmljfltei gezeras. Ml tgf oesks m` tget essfssjflt, e jfakdei

m``kdfr wktg tgf queik`kdetkmls m` fktgfr e rfnkstfrfa lursf, lursf predtk

tkmlfr, pgyskdkels esskstelt, mr pgyskdkel ks tm of sfifdtfa.

Senf 54



16/34

Dgeptfr ?

Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Derf Tystfj ês

Kleafquetf tm Flsurf el Epprmprketf Ifvfi

m` derf

Gmwfvfr, eddmrakln tm m``kdkeis kl tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs,

rfnkmlei jelenfjflt kl êsgklntml, A.D., ela Sfedf Dmrps m``kdkeis

mvfrsfes, jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf usueiiy lmt sfifdtfa kl eddmraeldf wktg

tgks pmikdy. Eddmrakln tm tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs,

mliy eomut 43 pfrdflt m` tgf dmultry akrfdtmrs smungt tgf M``kdf m` Jfa

kdei Tfrvkdfs epprmvei of`mrf sfifdtkln jfakdei m``kdfrs. Qgf rfnkmlei

akrfdtmrs wfrf fvfl ifss klvmivfa kl tgf sfifdtkml prmdfss. ^f wfrf tmia

tget ofdeusf rfnkstfrfa lursfs wfrf tgf ifest dmstiy tm fjpimy dmjperfa

wktg jmrf queik`kfa jfakdei m``kdfrs, dmultry akrfdtmrs m`tfl sfifdtfa

tgfj, ela aka sm wktgmut prkmr M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs epprmvei.

Jmrfmvfr, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea lmt jeaf jfakdei essfss-

jflts ml e dmultry-oy-dmultry oesks tm aftfrjklf tgf jklkjuj queik`k-

detkmls lfdfssery tm jfft tgf gfeitg derf lffas et fedg pmst. Es e rfsuit

kt dmuia lmt of dfrtekl tget kts jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf dmjpftflt tm jfft

tgf spfdk`kd gfeitg derf lffas m` fedg dmultry.

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis wfrf uldifer eomut tgfkr rfspmlskokik

tkfs kl sfifdtkln jfakdei m``kdfrs ultki wf ormungt kt tm tgfkr ettfltkml.

Tkldf tgfl, tgfy gevf kl`mrjfa dmultry akrfdtmrs tget tgf M``kdf m` Jfa

kdei Tfrvkdfs just aftfrjklf tget tgf delakaetf ges tgf prm`fsskmlei

queik`kdetkmls tm jfft tgf gfeitg lffas kl fedg dmultry of`mrf tgf klak-

vkauei ks fjpimyfa.

Dmjpftfldkfs m`

@mrfknl-treklfa lursfs nflfreiiy am lmt rfdfkvf treklkln tget ks dmlsks-

Jfakdei M``kdfrs ^frf

tflt

wktg V.T. stelaeras. Qgks ks afjmlstretfa oy tgf gkng èkiurf retf

m` `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs wgm tebf fxejkletkmls tm predtkdf kl tgf

Lmt Essfssfa

Vlktfa Ttetfs. Eddmrakln tm tgf Dmjjksskml ml Nreauetfs m` @mrfknl

Lurskln Tdgmmis, 76 pfrdflt m` tgf `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs èkifa V.T.

stetf ikdflskln fxejkletk mls prkmr tm 5;>7. Es e rfsuit m` tgfsf èkiurfs,

tgf KH.T. Afpertjflt m` Gfeitg ela Gujel Tfrvkdfs fsteoiksgfa tgf Dmj

jksskml tm tfst `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs kl tgfkr gmjf dmultrkfs tm essfss

wgftgfr tgfy gevf tgf lfdfssery queik`kdetkmls, blmwifanf, ela iel-

nuenf sbkiis tm pess stetf ikdflskln fxejkletkmls of`mrf dmjkln tm tgf

Vlktfa Ttetfs. Mliy mlf-tgkra m` tgf eppikdelts pess tgf lurskln ela

Flniksg pmrtkmls m` tgf fxejkletkml ml tgf `krst try.

Afspktf tgks èkiurf retf, `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs gkrfa es Sfedf Dmrps

jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf lmt rfqukrfa tm tebf tgf Dmjjksskmls fxejkle-

tkml. Kl eaaktkml, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs aka lmt tfst ely m` kts

jfakdei m``kdfrs tm essfss gfkr eokikty tm prmvkaf e ifvfi m` derf dmlsks-

tflt wktg Sfedf Dmrps nukafiklfs. ^ktgmut essfssjflts m` tgf jfakdei

Senf 51

NEM/L&KA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


17/34

Dgeptfr ?

Sfedf Dmrpf Gfeitg Derf Tyrktfj ês


m` Derf

m``kdfrs sbkiis, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea ikjktfa blmwifanf

eomut tgf queikty m` derf tgfy wfrf depeoif m` prmvkakln vmiultffrs.

Tdmpf m` Derf tm Of

Srmvkafa Gea Lmt

Offl Aftfrjklfa

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdf gea lfvfr af`klfa tgf sdmpf m` derf kts

jfakdei m``kdfrs sgmuia of dmjpftflt tm prmvkaf. Kt gea lmt aftfrjklfa

wgftgfr kts jfakdei m``kdfrs sgmuia prmvkaf oeskd akenlmstkd ela dure-

tkvf prmdfaurfs, rf`frreis tm imdei spfdkeiksts, mr smjftgkln kl-oftwffl

^ktgmut af`klkln tgf oeskd prmdfaurfs kts jfakdei m``kdfrs sgmuia of

dmjpftflt tm pfr`mrj, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea offl uleoif

afvfimp tgf gfeitg derf stelaeras lffafa tm fveiuetf tgfkr dmjpftfld

Es e rfsuit, kt gea lfvfr afvfimpfa dmjpftfldy-oesfa tfstkln ela aka

lmt fveiuetf tgf dmjpftfldf m` kts jfakdei m``kdfrs.

Jfakdei m``kdfrs tmia us tget tgfy wfrf dmldfrlfa tget tgf Sfedf Dmrp

fxpfdtfa tgfj tm prmvkaf derf tgfy wfrf lmt dmjpftflt tm prmvkaf. @m

fxejpif, twm jfakdei m``kdfrs `rmj Ietkl Ejfrkde, wktgmut ely treklkl

gea pfr`mrjfa pep sjfers ml vmiultffrs `mr ? yfers. Qgfy aka lmt bl

wgftgfr tgfy wfrf pfr`mrjkln tgf prmdfaurf dmrrfdtiy. Qgf lfw Tmi-

mjml Ksielas jfakdei m``kdfr, e rfnkstfrfa lursf, seka tget sgf wes

fxpfdtfa tm prfsdrkof aruns ela akenlmsf ela trfet jely gfeitg

prmoifjs m` vmiultffrs. Tgf seka tgks ifvfi m` trfetjflt wes ofymla tg

typkdei autkfs spfdk`k fa `mr e rfnkstfrfa lursf. Ml tgf oesks m` mur aks-

dusskmls, jfjofrs m` tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml ml Eddrfaktetkml m` Gfeitg

derf Mrnelkzetkmls ela tgf Ejfrkdel Lurskln Essmdketkml dml`krjfa

tget `mrfknl-treklfa rfnkstfrfa lursfs erf nflfreiiy lmt queik`kfa tm pf

`mrj sudg prmdfaurfs.

Mrkfltetkml Lmt

Srmvkafa tm Jmst

Jfakdei M``kdfrs

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis seka tget mrkfltetkml treklkln wes

drktkdei tm flsurf tget vmiultffrs rfdfkvf eafquetf derf. Tudg treklkln

e bfy jfdgelksj tm prmjmtf el kjjfaketf ulafrstelakln m` tgf jfak

m``kdfrs rmif ela rfspmlskokiktkfs ela m` tgf kjpmrteldf m` dmjpiykln

wktg tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf nukafiklfs. Gmwfvfr, tgf M``kdf m`

Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea lm prmdfaurfs mr ùlakln tm flsurf tget mrkflte-

tkmls wfrf prmvkafa tm eii jfakdei m``kdfrs, ela wf `mula tget jmst j

kdei m``kdfrs aka lmt rfdfkvf el mrkfltetkml.

Kl tgf pest, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea prmvkafa mrkfltetkmls m

el ea gmd oesks. Jfakdei m``kdfrs jkngt gevf rfdfkvfa el mrkfltetkml k`

tgfy wfrf kl êsgklntml, A.D., eddmjpelykln e jfakdei fveduetkml m

`mr mtgfr ousklfss. M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis seka tgfy dmuia

Senf 50 NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


18/34

Dgeptfr ?

Sfedf Dmrprr Gfeitg Derf Tystfj ês


M`Derf.

lmt sdgfauif mrkfltetkml `mr jfakdei m``kdfrs ofdeusf dmultry akrfdtmrs,

lmt tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs, dmltrmiifa trelspmrtetkml ùlas.

Kl `ksdei yfer 5;;5, ùlakln wes epprmvfa tm prmvkaf e i-wffb mrkflte-

tkml tm lfw jfakdei m``kdfrs. M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis, gmw-

fvfr, seka tget 5 wffb wes lmt imln flmung tm prmvkaf eii tgf lfdfssery

kl`mrjetkml ml gfeitg derf nukafiklfs. Kl dmltrest, tgf Sfedf Dmrps rmu-

tklfiy prmvkafa 1 wffbs m` mrkfltetkml tm imdei letkmlei pfrsmllfi gkrfa

es erfe akrfdtmrs ela eajklkstretmrs.

Kl tgf skx dmultrkfs wf vksktfa, mliy mlf m` tgf jfakdei m``k dfrs rfdfkvfa

e `mrjei mrkfltetkml. Kl Tflfnei, tgf erfe Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``kdfr, e

V.T.-treklfa pgyskdkel, seka tget gks mrkfltetkml wes kleafquetf ofdeus

kt iedbfa omtg akenlmstkd ela trfetjflt rfnkjfs `mr imdei aksfesfs ela

aka lmt kldiuaf ielnuenf treklkln. Kl tgf Tmimjml Ksielas, tgf jfakdei

m``kdfr gea lmt rfdfkvfa el mrkfltetkml ela seka tgks dmuia ifea tm prm-

vkakln trfetjflts tget wfrf lmt seldtkmlfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps. Qgf

jfakdei m``kdfr kl Jeik, e Duoel-treklfa pgyskdkel, rfdfkvfa lm mrkflte-

tkml, kl spktf m` gfr ikjktfa fxpfrkfldf wktg Jeikel gfeitg derf prmoifjs

ela sgf tmia us tget tgf Sfedf Dmrps gea lmt prmvkafa gfr wktg kl`mrje-

tkml ml gmw tm jfft V.T. gfeitg derf stelaeras mr `miimw Sfedf Dmrps

jfakdei prmdfaurfs. Pmiultffrs wf spmbf wktg kl smjf m` tgf dmultrkfs

wf vksktfa fxprfssfa dmldfrl eomut tgf akenlmsks ela trfetjflt tget

tgfy rfdfkvfa `mr imdei aksfesfs ela wgftgfr tgfrf wes f``fdtkvf dmjju

lkdetkmls wktg imdei prmvkafrs.

Dmltklukln Faudetkml

Dmltklukln faudetkml dml`frfldfs erf tgf Sfedf Dmrps prkjery treklkln

ês Tpmreakd

`mruj. E bfy purpmsf m` tgf dml`frfldfs ks tm flsurf tget eii jfakdei

m``kdfrs rfdfkvf treklkln kl tgf akenlmsks ela trfetjflt m` vmiultffrs

gfeitg prmoifjs sm tget tgf derf dml`mrjs wktg V.T. stelaeras wgfl-

fvfr pmsskoif. Gmwfvfr, tgf `rfqufldy m` dmltklukln faudetkml dml`fr-

fldfs ges ìudtuetfa mvfr tgf yfers, ela tgf kl`mrjetkml prmvkafa et tg

dml`frfldfs wes lmt su``kdkflt tm prmaudf tgf rfqukrfa queikty m` derf.

Kl tgf pest, tgf dml`frfldfs gea offl gfia kl fedg m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps

tgrff nfmnrepgkd rfnkmls mldf fvfry 4 mr 1 yfers. Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei

Tfrvkdfs ofnel sdgfauikln tgf dml`frfldfs et ?-yfer kltfrveis ofnkllkln

kl 5;7;. M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis ofikfvfa tget fvfl okelluei

dml`frfldfs wfrf klsu``kdkflt tm prmvkaf tgf treklkln lfdfssery tm

flsurf tgf queikty m` derf.

Senf 50

NEM/LTiEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Der


19/34

Dgeptfr ?

SfedfDmrps Gfeitg Durf Tyrtfj ês

Kleafquetf tm Flsurf el Epprmprief Iwfi

M`Derf

Qm fveiuetf tgf queikty m` jfakdei m``kdfr treklkln, wf ettflafa tgf

5;;3 Dmltklukln Jfakdei Faudetkml Dml`frfldf `mr eii Ietkl Ejfrkdel

ela Derkoofel jfakdei m``kdfrs kl Gmlaures. Ml tgf oesks m` mur mosfr

vetkmls, wf `mula tget tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf lmt èjkiker wktg tgf

Sfedf Dmrps akenlmstkd ela trfetjflt prmdfaurfs. Aurk ln sfjklers ml

akerrgfe5 aksfesfs, sbkl aksfesfs, ela eltkokmtkd tgfrepy, jfakdei

m``kdfrs wfrf lmt èjkiker wktg tgf Sfedf Dmrps epprmvfa jfakdei prm

dfaurfs fvfl e`tfr tgf prmpfr akenlmsks wes kafltk`kfa oy tgf Sfedf

Dmrps klstrudtmr. Jmrfmvfr, tgf klstrudtmrs aka lmt gevf tkjf tm tfedg

tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs tgf dmrrfdt prmdfaurfs.

Omtg tgf Akrfdtmr m` Pmiultffr Tfrvkdfs ela tgf Afputy Akrfdtmr m` tgf

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs seka tgf treklkln m``frfa et tgf dml`frfldf

wes klsu``kdkflt tm flsurf tget vmiultffrs rfd&f gfeitg derf dmlskstf

wktg tgf tfdglkdei nukafiklfs, Kl eaaktkml, e dgkf` m` mpfretkmls `rmj m

m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps tgrff rfnkmls seka tget tgf sbkiis m` jfakdei m``kdfrs

wfrf lmt eafquetf. Tgf seka tget `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs dmuia lmt prm-

vkaf e V.T. stelaera m` derf wktgmut eaaktkmlei treklkln eomvf tgf rfnk

tfrfa lursf ifvfi. Sfedf Dmrps m``kdkeis eism tmia us tget tgf prmoifjs

kafltk`kfa et tgf jfakdei faudetkml dml`frfldf wfrf typkdei m` tgfsf

dml`frfldfs.

Kl mur rfvkfw m` 5;;3 jfakdei `kifs, wf `mula jely vkmietkmls m` tgf

tfdglkdei nukafiklfs, es wfii es klsteldfs m` kldmrrfdt akenlmsks ela

trfetjflt. Kl eii klsteldfs, kt wes tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs tget

aftfrjklfa tget tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs gea èkifa tm `miimw Sfedf Dmrps

nukafiklfs. Kl E`rkde ela tgf Tmimjml Ksielas, tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs prm

vkafa kldmrrfdt jeierke trfetjflts tm vmiultffrs. E vmiultffr kl E`rkde

dmltredtfa gfpetktks e`tfr e 1-jmltg afiey kl veddkletkml, ela kl Qgek-

iela, Dejfrmml, ela Qulkske, vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa tgfkr veddkletkmls

jmrf tgel 53 jmltgs ietf. _eokfs veddklfs wfrf nkvfl kldmrrfdtiy kl

Ofikzf ela sfvfrei E`rkdel dmultrkfs. Kl Bkrkoetk, e letkml m` Sedk`kd

ksielas, e vmiultffr wes nkvfl e arun `mr akerrgfe tget ks prfsdrkofa

mliy `mr typgmka. Qgfsf prmoifjs ela mtgfrs wfrf kafltk`kfa mliy e`tfr

vmiultffrs gea rfdfkvfa tgf suostelaera derf.

Kl tgf skx dmultrkfs wf vksktfa, eii tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs, fxdfpt tgf lfw

jfakdei m``kdfr kl tgf Tmimjml Ksielas, gea ettflafa e dmltklukln jfa

kdei faudetkml dml`frfldf. Qgf jfakdei m``kdfrs wgmj wf spmbf wktg e

tgf dml`frfldf nflfreiiy klakdetfa tget tgf treklkln wes drktkdei out

klsu``kdkflt. Qgf jfakdei m``kdfr kl Jeik seka tget gfr dml`frfldf

treklkln wes kleafquetf ofdeusf, kl spktf m` gfr ikjktfa fxpfrkfldf wkt

Senf 5>



20/34

Dgeptfr ?



MSDkV^

Jeikel gfeitg prmoifjs, sgf gea rfdfkvfa lm treklkln ml tgf akenlmsks m

trfetjflt m` imdei aksfesfs.

Qgf jfakdei m``kdfrs kl Nuetfjeie seka tgf dml`frfldfs aka lmt prmvkaf

flmung treklkln ml diklkdei ela akenlmstkd sbkiis mr ml gmw tm epprmxk-

jetf e V.T. stelaera m` derf. Eitgmung tgf Tmimjml Ksielas jfakdei

m``kdfr gea offl rfdfltiy fjpimyfa, sgf seka sgf gea lmt offl treklfa m

gmw tm prmvkaf gfeitg derf tm vmiultffrs kl eddmraeldf wktg Sfedf

Dmrps nukafiklfs. Tgf seka sgf lffafa eaaktkmlei treklkln kl gfr aken-

lmstkd ela trfetjflt sbkiis, es wfii es kl`mrjetkml tm aftfrjklf k` sgf

wes `miimwkln Sfedf Dmrps nukafiklfs. Qgf Gmlaurel jfakdei m``kdfrs

seka tget tgfy ofikfvfa tgf dml`frfldfs sgmuia of gfia ellueiiy ela tge

eaaktkmlei treklkln wmuia kjprmvf tgf queikty m` gfeitg derf.

Srmdfaurfs `mr

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps ges twm jftgmas `mr jmlktmrkln tgf queikty m` derf

Jmlktmrkln Gfeitg

prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs-suppmrt/fveiuetkml vkskts ela dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf

rfvkfws. ^f `mula, gmwfvfr, tget lfktgfr jfdgelksj eafquetfiy fveiu

Derf frf Kleafquetf

etfa tgf epprmprketflfss m` tgf derf prmvkafa mr rfsmivfa eii kafltk`kfa

prmoifjs. M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs m``kdkeis edblmwifanfa tget, es e

rfsuit, smjf m` tgfkr jfakdei m``kdfrs dmuia prmvkaf derf tm vmiultffrs

tget wes lmt dmlskstflt wktg tgfkr nukafiklfs `mr jmltgs mr yfers

wktgmut ofkln aksdmvfrfa.

Tuppmrt/Fveiuetkml Pkskts

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs nukafiklfs stkpuietf

tget

kt wkii dmlaudt e

suppmrt/fveiuetkml vkskt tm fedg Sfedf Dmrps dmultry mldf fvfry

? yfers. Qgf purpmsf m` tgf vkskt ks tm essfss gf queikty m` gfeitg derf

prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs oy tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs ela tgf queikty m` imdei

gfeitg `edkiktkfs usfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps, sudg es gmspkteis, diklkds, ela

ieomretmrkfs. E`tfr tgf vkskt, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs fveiuetmr ks

tm prfperf e rfpmrt `mr tgf jfakdei m``kdfr, kldiuakln nukaeldf `mr dmr-

rfdtkln ely prmoifjs.

Qgf prmdfaurfs `mr tgf suppmrt/fveiuet kml vkskts gea sfvfrei af`kdkfl-

dkfs tget ikjktfa tgfkr usf`uilfss. Ofdeusf tgf vkskts mddurrfa et ?-yfer

kltfrveis, prmoifjs dmuia pfrskst `mr jmltgs mr yfers of`mrf tgfy wfrf

rfdmnlkzfa oy tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs. @urtgfr, tgf vkskts aka lmt

eiweys mddur fvfry ? yfers es rfqukrfa2 rfpmrts ml tgf vkskts wfrf lmt

eiweys prfperfa2 ela, `kleiiy, tgf vkskts iedbfa e `miimw-up jfdgelksj

tm vfrk`y tget tgf fveiuetmrs rfdmjjflaetkmls, wgfl jeaf, wfrf

kjpifjfltfa.

Senf 57 NEM/LTIEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


21/34

Dgeptfr ?



M`Derf

Kl eaaktkml, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea lmt afvfimpfa nukafiklfs

`mr fveiuetkln imdei gfeitg derf èdkiktkfs usfa oy vmiultffrs, ela tgf

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs ste`` wfrf lmt treklfa mr queik`kfa tm eddu-

retfiy essfss mdei gmspkteis, diklkds, ela ieomretmrkfs. Sfedf Dmrps m` k-

dkeis edblmwifanfa tget tgf fveiuetkmls m` tgf imdei èdkiktkfs wfrf

kleafquetf tm essfss gf queikty m` sfrvkdfs usfa oy vmiultffrs. Sfedf

Dmrps amdujflts klakdetf

tget

mlf afetg mddurrfa et ifest kl pert

ofdeusf e ieomretmry usfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps aka lmt `miimw Sfedf

Dmrps jfakdei nukaeldf ela èkifa tm jebf e dmjpiftf akenlmsks.

Aurkln

tgf

Ofikzf vkskt,

tgf

fveiuetkml m` tgf gmspktei iestfa mliy 43 jk

utfs. Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs fveiuetmr aka lmt jfft wktg tgf

gmspktei eajklkstretmr, dgkf` fxfdutkvf m``kdfr, prfs kaflt m` tgf jfakde

ste``, mr wktg ely mtgfr rfprfsfltetkvfs fxdfpt

tgf

akrfdtmr m` tgf oimm

oelb. Lm gmspktei prmdfaurfs, pmikdkfs, mr prmtmdmis wfrf rfvkfwfa, ela

gf aka lmt motekl dmpkfs m` tgf prmvkafrs dfrtk`kdetkmls, ikdflsfs, mr dur

rkduie vktef tm aftfrjklf tgfkr queik`kdetkmls. Qgf rfvkfws m` tgf afltks

ela nylfdmimnkst wfrf mliy sikngtiy jmrf tgmrmung. Qgf akrfdtmr m` tgf

imdei ieomretmry usfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps `mr tgf pest 54 yfers stetfa

tget sgf dmuia lmt rfjfjofr fvfr ofkln fveiuetfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps

aurkln tgks pfrkma.

Kl tgf skx dmultrkfs wf vksktfa, wf `mula verkmus prmoifjs tget akjkl-

ksgfa tgf f``fdtkvflfss m` tgf suppmrt/fveiuetkml vkskts.

. Kl Tflfnei ela Jeik, tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs aka lmt blmw tgf rfsuits mr

rfdmjjflaetkmls m` tgf 5;;3 vkskts.

i

Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs fveiuetmr wgm vksktfa Gmlaures kl 5;;

seka gfr rfvkfw m` tgf imdei gfeitg derf prmvkafrs wes wfeb ofdeusf sg

wes lmt treklfa tm fveiuetf imdei èdkiktkfs.

i

Qgf rfpmrt ml

tgf

Tmimjml Ksielas vkskt wes kldmjpiftf, iedbkln rfqukrf

kl`mrjetkml sudg es el essfssjflt m` tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs pfr`mrjeldf

el fveiuetkml m` tgf pmst-jfakdei fveduetkml piel, ela e rfvkfw m` tgf

gfeitg derf dmltredts ela mtgfr jfakdei errelnfjflts. Kl eaaktkml, jm

tgel ? yfers fiepsfa oftwffl vkskts, ela tgf rfpmrt m` tgf prfvkmus vks

tmmb mvfr e yfer tm rfedg tgf ksielas.

. Qgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gea lmt dmlaudtfa e vkskt kl Lfpei kl

4 yfers ela gea lfvfr dmlaudtfa e vkskt aurkln tgf durrflt jfakdei

m``kdfrs tmur.

. Qgf jfakdei m``kdfr kl Ofikzf seka tget sgf lfktgfr wes orkf`fa ml tgf

fveiuetmrs rfdmjjflaetkmls lmr sew tgf 5;77 rfpmrt.

Senf 5;



22/34

Dgeptfr ?



m` derf

Dimsf-M`-Tfrvkdf _fvkfws

Aurkln tgf dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf rfvkfws, tgf Sfedf Dmrps mtgfr jmlktmrkln

jfdgelksj, M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs lursfs rfvkfw ?0 pfrdflt m` tgf

gfeitg hedbfts m` vmiultffrs wgm rfdfltiy if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps. Qgf

rfvkfw ks kltflafa tm essfss gf queikty m` gfeitg derf prmvkafa tm

vmiultffrs.

Gmwfvfr, tgf rfvkfws gea sfvfrei af`kdkfldkfs tget ikjktfa tgfkr f``fd-

tkvflfss. Qgfy wfrf pfr`mrjfa 0 tm ; jmltgs e`tfr tgf vmiultffr if`t tg

Sfedf Dmrps, eiimwkln ely prmoifjs tm pfrskst `mr jmltgs mr imlnfr. Kl

Xekrf, `mr fxejpif, tgf jfakdei m``kdfr gea lmt dmjpikfa wktg tgf Sfedf

Dmrps tfdglkdei nukafiklfs `mr yfers. Eism, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfr-

vkdfs ste`` wfrf lmt spfdk`kdeiiy treklfa tm dmlaudt tgfsf rfvkfws, ela

tgf jfakdei amdujfltetkml wes m`tfl k leafquetf tm essfss gf epprmprk-

etflfss m` vmiultffr derf. @urtgfrjmrf, tgf rfvkfw wes prkjerkiy el

eajklkstretkvf essfssjflt ela aka lmt `mdus ml tgf queikty m` akenlmsks

ela trfetjflt rfdfkvfa oy vmiultffrs.

Gfeitg Derf Tystfj

Gea Lfvfr _fdfkvfa

el Klafpflaflt

Jfakdei _fvkfw

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps gfei tg derf systfj, ulikbf tgf gfeitg derf systfjs `mr

tgf Afpertjflt m` Af`flsf, tgf Afpertjflt m` Pftfrels E``ekrs, ela tg

Letkmlei Klstktutfs m` Gfeitg, gea lfvfr offl rfvkfwfa mr dfrtk`kfa oy

tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml ml Eddrfaktetkml m` Gfeitgderf Mrnelkzetkmls mr e

skjkier enfldy. Qgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml, wgkdg ges dfrtk`kfa >6 pfrdflt m`

tgf letkmls >,533 gmspkteis, ks e lmlprm`kt mrnelkzetkml tget sfts letkmle

stelaeras m` derf ela fveiuetfs gfeitg derf systfjs eneklst tgmsf

stelaeras.

^f, eimln wktg Sfedf Dmrps rfprfsfltetkvfs, jft wktg Hmklt Dmjjksskml

m``kdkeis tm motekl tgfkr vkfws ml tgf kssufs kafltk`kfa aurkln mur rfvkfw

ela tm aksduss tgfkr pmtfltkei rfvkfw m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf

systfj. Ml tgf oesks m` mur afsdrkptkml m` mur `klaklns, tgf Hmklt Dmj-

jksskml m``kdkeis seka tget tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj aka lmt

eppfer tm gevf eafquetf prmdfaurfs tm prmvkaf vmiultffrs tgf ifvfi m`

derf tm wgkdg tgfy wfrf fltktifa. Qgfy eism seka tget ofdeusf tgf Sfedf

Dmrps gea lmt fveiuetfa tgf eokikty m` `mrfknl-treklfa lursfs tm rfpiedf

V.T.-treklfa pgyskdkels, tgf enfldy aka lmt blmw wgftgfr kts jfakdei

m``kdfrs wfrf dmjpftflt tm prmvkaf vmiultffr derf. Qgf m``kdkeis seka

tget tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj wmuia oflf`kt `rmj e rfvkfw o

tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml mr e skjkier enfldy.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps Akrfdtmr m` Pmiultffr Tfrvkdfs ela tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf

M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs seka tget tgfy suppmrtfa e rfvkfw oy tgf

Senf ?3 NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Der


23/34

Dgeptfr ?


Kleafquetf tm Hgsurf el Epprmprketf Ifvfi

m` derf

Hmklt Dmjjksskml mr e skjkier enfldy. Eddmrakln tm tgf Akrfdtmr m` Pmi

ultffr Tfrvkdfs, e rfvkfw dmuia f``fdtkvfiy essfss gf Sfedf Dmrps

gfeitg derf systfj eneklst stelaeras, kafltk`y erfes `mr kjprmvfjflt,

ela rfessurf vmiultffrs ela tgf puoikd tget kts jfakdei systfj prmvkaf

derf tget wes es dimsf es pmsskoif tm tgf derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa

Ttetfs.

Siellfa

Kjprmvfjflts tm

SfedfDmrps Gfeitg

Derf Tystfj

.

.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps ges klktketfa stfps tm kjprmvf kts gfeitg derf systfj.

Heluery 5;;5, tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps epprmvfa tgf eiimdetkml

m` $470,333 kl `ksdei yfer 5;;5 `ulas tm kjpifjflt omtg kjjfaketf el

imln-tfrj kjprmvfjflts, kldiuakln (5) e 1-wffb mrkfltetkml `mr eii lfw

jfakdei m``kdfrs, (?) elluei dmltklukln jfakdei faudetkml dml`frfldfs

`mr eii jfakdei m``kdfrs, (4) fsteoiksgjflt m` e queikty essureldf prm-

nrej, ela (1) el klafpflaflt jfakdei fveiuetkml ela afvfimpjflt m`

piel `mr pfrkmakd klafpflaflt jfakdei rfvkfws oy tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskm

mr e skjkier enfldy.

Es m` Hulf 5;; 5, tgf Sfedf Dmrps gea kjpifjfltfa sfvfrei kjprmvf-

jflts tm kts gfeitg derf systfj. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps gea

gfia twm 1-wffb mrkfltetkmls `mr lfw jfakdei m``kdfrs2

gkrfa e dmltredtmr ela `mrjfa e queikty essureldf dmjjkttff tget gev

ofnul tm rfvkfw tgf Sfedf Dmrps strudturf, `uldtkmls, ela stelaeras

gfeitg derf afikvfry2

rfkjpmsfa tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs sfifdtkml eutgmrkty `mr jfakd

m``kdfrs es mutiklfa kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps Jeluei2 ela

afvfimpfa e lfw dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf rfvkfw `mrj fjpgeskzkln kssufs

klvmivkln tgf queikty m` derf prmvkafa.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps piels eaaktkmlei kjprmvfjflts mvfr tgf lfxt sfvfrei

yfers. Aurkln `ksdei yfer 5;;5, kt piels tm ofnkl elluei faudetkml dml`

fldfs ela motekl tgf dmltredtmrs prfikjklery rfdmjjflaetkmls tm

kjprmvf kts gfeitg derf systfj. Kl `ksdei yfer 5;;?, tgf Sfedf Dmrps

piels tm (5) kjpifjflt e queikty essureldf prmnrej, (?) afvfimp lfw

gfeitg derf stelaeras ela nukafiklfs, (4) klktketf e stretfny tget wkii

ifea tm el mutskaf jfakdei rfvkfw, ela (1) essfss l`mrjetkml lffas `m

tgf f``fdtkvf jmlktmrkln m` kts gfeitg derf systfj. Kl `ksdei yfer 5;;1,

tgf enfldy piels tm gevf kts gfeitg derf systfj fveiuetfa oy tgf Hmklt

Dmjjksskml mr e skjkier mrnelkzetkml.

Senf ?5

NEM/LTKEATi-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


24/34

Dgeptfr ?


Kleafquetf tm Flsurf el

Epprmprketf Ifvfi

m` derf

Dmldiuskmls

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps prmdfaurfs `mr tgf sfifdtkml, treklkln, ela jmlktmrkln

m` jfakdei m``kdfrs just of kjprmvfa k` vmiultffrs erf tm rfdfkvf e ifvf

m` derf dmlskstflt wktg Sfedf Dmrps nukafiklfs. Ofdeusf m` klsu``kdkflt

nukafiklfs ela tgf iedb m` eafquetf dmltrmis, smjf vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa

kldmrrfdt akenlmsks ela trfetjflt oy Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei m``kdfrs. Qgf

Sfedf Dmrps dmrrfdtkvf edtkml piel jerbfa el kjpmrtelt stfp tmwera

kjprmvkln tgf queikty m` derf prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs. El mutskaf jfa-

kdei rfvkfw, es piellfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps, dmuia gfip klstktutkmleikzf

tgfsf ela `uturf kjprmvfjflts ela gfip vmiultffrs rfdfkvf tgf ifvfi m

gfeitg derf tm wgkdg tgfy erf fltktifa.

_fdmjjflaetkml

NEM

rfdmjjflas tget tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps `miimw tgrmung m

tgf klktketkvfs ellmuldfa ela tgmsf kt ges ofnul tm kjpifjflt, kldiuakln

e piel tm klstktutf el klafpflaflt fveiuetkml oy tgf Hmklt Dmjjksskml

ml Eddrfaktetkml m` Gfeitgderf Mrnelkzetkmls mr e skjkier mrnelkzetkml,

tm kjprmvf tgf Sfedf Dmrps gfeitg derf systfj.

Enfldy Dmjjflts ela

Sfedf Dmrps m``kdkeis wgm prmvkafa mrei dmjjflts ml e are`t m` tgks

Mur Fveiuetkml

rfpmrt nflfreiiy enrffa tget tgf enfldys systfj wes kleafquetf `mr

flsurkln tget vmiultffrs rfdfkvfa e stelaera m` gfeitg derf tget epprmx

kjetfa tgf ifvfi m` derf evekieoif kl tgf Vlktfa Ttetfs. Qgfy stetfa, gmw

fvfr, tget afspktf tgf gfeitg derf systfj af`kdkfldkfs tget wf kafltk`kfa,

ela tget tgfy wfrf kl tgf prmdfss m` dmrrfdtkln, tgf edtuei queikty m`

gfeitg derf prmvkafa tm vmiultffrs wes nmma. Qgfy pmkltfa tm mur

survfy m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs, jmst m` wgmj wfrf setks`kfa wktg tgf

queikty m` derf rfdfkvfa, es wfii es tm tgfkr mwl aksdusskmls wktg vmiul-

tffrs kl tgf `kfia, es fvkafldf tget vmiultffrs wfrf prmvkafa eafquetf

gfeitg derf.

^f aka lmt essfss gf edtuei queikty m` derf tgf Sfedf Dmrps prmvkafa k

vmiultffrs, ela tgks rfpmrt arews lm mvfreii dmldiuskmls eomut wgftgfr

tgf queikty m` derf wes nmma mr pmmr. Klstfea, wf fveiuetfa tgf eaf-

quedy m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps jelenfjflt systfj `mr flsurkln tget kts mw

jfakdei systfj nukafiklfs wfrf ofkln `miimwfa. ^f `mula tget tgf

enfldys jelenfjflt systfj wes kleafquetf ela dmldiuafa tget tgf

Sfedf Dmrps systfj dmuia lmt prmvkaf rfesmleoif essureldf tget kts

nukafiklfs wfrf ofkln `miimwfa ela tget queikty derf wes ofkln prm-

vkafa. @urtgfrjmrf, wf kafltk`kfa su``kdkflt fvkafldf m` vkmietkmls m` tg

tfdglkdei nukafiklfs, es wfii es kldmrrfdt akenlmsfs ela trfetjflt

rfsuitkln `rmj lmldmjpikeldf wktg tgf Sfedf Dmrps jfakdei nukafiklfs,

Senf ??

NEM/LTKEA-;5 -?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


25/34

Dgeptfr ?

Sfew Dmrps Gfeitg Derf Tystfj ^es


m` derf

tm dmldiuaf tget lmt eii vmiultffrs gea rfdfkvfa queikty gfeitg derf el

tget kjprmvfjflts tm tgf systfj wfrf lffafa.

Senf ?4



26/34

@mjfr Pmiultffrs ^ktg Tfrvkdf-_fietfaGfeitg

Srmoifjs Jey Lmt _fdfkvf Gfeitg Oflf`kts

Eitgmung `mrjfr Sfedf Dmrps vmiultffrs erf fltktifa tm

@FDE

oflf`kts `m

ely sfrvkdf-rfietfa gfeitg prmoifjs, ela eitgmung tgfsf oflf`kts erf

afsdrkofa kl tgf Sfedf Dmrps Jeluei prmvkafa tm fedg vmiultffr, wf

`mula tget jely `mrjfr vmiultffrs wfrf lmt ewerf m` tgfkr @FDE oflf-

`kts. Kl eaaktkml, tgf Sfedf Dmrps gea lmt eafquetfiy gfipfa `mrjfr vmi-

ultffrs `kif @FDE diekjs. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps gea eirfeay rfdmnlkzfa smjf

m` tgfsf prmoifjs ela klktketfa kjprmvfjflts. Gmwfvfr, ofdeusf tgf

enfldy aka lmt piel tm kl`mrj eii `mrjfr vmiultffrs m` tgfkr pmtfltkei

@FDE fiknkokikty, smjf wgm erf su``frkln `rmj sfrvkdf-rfietfa gfeitg dml-

aktkmls jey lmt motekl tgfkr gfeitg derf fltktifjflt.

Eajklkstretkvf

Srmdfsskln m` @FDE

Oflf`kts

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps jelenfjflt m` kts

@FDE

rfspmlskokikty ks spikt oftwffl

tgf kl-dmultry jfakdei m``kdfrs ela tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdf. Qgf

jfakdei m``kdfrs erf rfqukrfa oy tgf Sfedf Dmrps tm kl`mrj durrflt vmi-

ultffrs m` tgfkr @FDE oflf`kts, tgfkr rkngt tm `kif e @FDE diekj, wget essks

teldf ks evekieoif tm tgfj, ela tgf epprmprketf prmdfaurfs. Qgf M``kdf m

Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs gfips `mrjfr vmiultffrs dmjpiftf ela `kif @FDE diekjs,

es rfqukrfa oy tgf M``kdf m` Sfrsmllfi Jelenfjflt rfnuietkmls nmv-

frlkln tgf klktketkml m` jfakdei diekjs eneklst tgf `fafrei nmvfrljflt.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps rfdfkvfs eomut 76 deiis e wffb `rmj `mrjfr vmiultffrs

ulèjkiker wktg tgfkr

@FDE

oflf`kts ela prmdfaurfs.

@FDE diekjs `mr vmiultffrs erf eahuakdetfa oy tgf Afpertjflt m` Ieomr,

wgkdg eahuakdetfs

@FDE

diekjs `mr eii `fafrei enfldkfs. Qgf Afpertjflt

m` Ieomr del rfùtf vmiultffrs diekjs tget tgfkr gfeitg dmlaktkmls erf

sfrvkdf-rfietfa oy afjmlstretkln tget tgf dmlaktkmls fxkstfa prkmr tm

tgfkr Sfedf Dmrps sfrvkdf. Gmwfvfr, ;7 pfrdflt m` Sfedf Dmrps diekjs

erf eahuakdetfa kl èvmr m` tgf `mrjfr vmiultffrs.

Jely @mrjfr

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps ks rfqukrfa tm kl`mrj vmiultffrs eomut tgfkr @FDE fiknk-

Pmiultffrs ^frf Lmt

okikty, omtg et tgf ofnkllkln m` tgfkr sfrvkdf ela et tgf fla. Eii vmiul-

tffrs rfdfkvf e Sfedf Dmrps Jeluei, wgkdg kldiuafs kl`mrjetkml ml @FDE

Ewerf m` Qgfkr @FDE

oflf`kts, et tgf ofnkllkln m` tgfkr sfrvkdf, ela jfakdei m``kdfrs erf

Fltktifjflt

rfqukrfa tm kl`mrj vmiultffrs eomut tgfsf oflf`kts of`mrf tgfy ifevf tgf

Sfedf Dmrps.

Gmwfvfr, tgf rfsuits m` mur tfifpgmlf survfy ela kltfrvkfws wktg

`mrjfr vmiultffrs sunnfstfa tget jmst `mrjfr vmiultffrs wfrf lmt

ewerf m` tgfkr @F^ oflf`kts. Ml tgf oesks m` mur sejpif m` ;? `mrjfr

vmiultffrs wgm gea if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps wktgkl tgf pest ? yfers, wf

fstkjetf tget 17 tm 07 pfrdflt m` tgf `mrjfr vmiultffrs wmuia sey tgfy

Senf ?1

NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Der


27/34

Dgeptfr 4

@mrjfr Pmiultffrs ^ktg Tfrvkdf-_fietfa

Gfeitg Srmoifjs Jey Lmt _fdfkvf

Gfeitg Oflf`kts

gea lmt rfdfkvfa kl`mrjetkml eomut tgfkr

@FDE

oflf`kts. Et tgf Letkmlei

Dml`frfldf `mr _fturlfa Pmiultffrs, wf spmbf wktg 41 `mrjfr vmiul-

tffrs wgm gea if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps aurkln tgf 5;0Ms, 5;>3s ela 5;73s

M` tgfsf, mliy `kvf seka tgfy nflfreiiy blfw eomut tgfkr pmst-sfrvkdf

gfeitg derf oflf`kts. Qgfkr ifss èvmreoif dmjjflts jey rfìfdt tgf dml

aktkml m` tgf @FDE prmnrej of`mrf tgf Sfedf Dmrps kjprmvfjflts tm kt

mvfr tgf iest sfvfrei yfers.

@urtgfr, tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs wes lmt f``fdtkvf kl prmvkakln

@FDE kl`mrjetkml tm kts jfakdei m``kdfrs. ^f `mula tget jfakdei m``kdfrs

rfdfkvfa ikttif mr lm `mrjei treklkln ml @FDE oflf`kts mr prmdfaurfs `mr

`kikln e diekj. Qgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf M``kdf m` Jfakdei Tfrvkdfs seka tget k

jmst desfs jfakdei m``kdfrs dmuia lmt elswfr vmiultffrs qufstkmls

eomut tgf @FDE fltktifjflt.

Essksteldf kl @kikln

Diekjs Ges Lmt

Eiweys Offl

Eafquetf

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps ges kjprmvfa kts essksteldf tm vmiultffrs mvfr tgf ies

sfvfrei yfers. Qgks wes omrlf mut oy mur survfy, wgkdg klakdetfa tget

vmiultffrs wgm rfqufstfa essksteldf wktgkl tgf pest ? yfers wfrf nflf

eiiy setks`kfa wktg tgfkr essksteldf, wgfrfes `mrjfr vmiultffrs kltfr-

vkfwfa et tgf letkmlei dml`frfldf wgm gea smungt essksteldf prkmr tm

tgfsf kjprmvfjflts klakdetfa tget tgfkr essksteldf gea lmt offl

eafquetf.

Qgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf M``kdf m` _fturlfa Pmiultffr Tfrvkdfs ela tgf

Akrfdtmr m` Pmiultffr Tfrvkdfs edblmwifanfa tget tgf

@FDE

essksteldf

prmnrej gea offl kleafquetf. Qgf twm ste`` jfjofrs prmvkakln @FDE

essksteldf wfrf lmt treklfa ela aka lmt rfdfkvf nukafiklfs ml @FDE oflf

`kts. Qgfy eism iedbfa tgf jfakdei fxpfrkfldf lfdfssery tm suddfssùiiy

suppmrt

@FDE

diekjs wgfl klktkeiiy suojkttfa tm tgf Afpertjflt m`

Ieomr. Es e rfsuit, @FDE diekjs wfrf ofkln afieyfa ofdeusf m`

pepfrwmrb prmoifjs.

Mvfr tgf pest ? yfers, tgf Sfedf Dmrps ges kjprmvfa kts jelenfjflt m

tgf @FDE essksteldf prmnrej. Qgf enfldy gkrfa el fxpfrkfldfa @FDE

eajklkstretmr, wgm wes eism e lursf, tm jelenf tgf prmnrej. Qgf jel

enfr (5) afvfimpfa stelaera mpfretkln prmdfaurfs ml

@FDE

oflf`kts `mr

tgf @FDE ste``2 (?) klktketfa lfw prmdfaurfs tm jmrf f``fdtkvfiy suppmrt

@FDE diekjs ela rfaudf pepfrwmrb prmoifjs2 (4) errelnfa tgrff jfft-

klns oftwffl Sfedf Dmrps ela Afpertjflt m` Ieomr rfprfsfltetkvfs tm

kldrfesf ulafrstelakln m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps lffas ela tgf Afpertjflt

Ieomrs @FDE prmdfss2 (1) prfsfltfa kl`mrjetkml ml @F^ kssufs et tgf

letkmlei dml`frfldf kl Funflf, Mrfnml2 (6) kldrfesfa tgf lujofr m` ste

Senf ?0



28/34

dgeptfr 4

@mrjfr Pmiultffre ^ktg Tfrvkd~_aetfa

Gfeitg Srmoifjs Jey Lmt _fdfkvf

Gfeitg Oflf`ite

tm prmvkaf

@@FE

essksteldf `rmj twm tm `mur, kldiuakln twm wktg lurskln

fxpfrkfldf2 ela (0) prmvkafa kl`mrjetkml ml @FDE flf`kts `mr ertkdifs kl

lfwsifttfrs `mr `mrjfr vmiultffrs.

Qgf Sfedf Dmrps eism ofnel tm kjprmvf tgf @FDE kl`mrjetkml prmvkafa t

durrflt vmiultffrs. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps sflt vmiultffrs e mlf-penf @FDE

kl`mrjetkml sgfft kl Jerdg 5;;3 ela piellfa elmtgfr jekikln kl 5;;5.

Qgf jelenfr eism piellfa tm afvfimp e Sfedf Dmrps @FDE elaommb tget

wmuia dmjpifjflt e pedbft m` kl`mrjetkml sflt tm `mrjfr vmiultffrs

wgm ofikfvf tgfy gevf sfrvkdf-rfietfa gfeitg prmoifjs ela tget wmuia

ikst @WDE flf`kts, ikjktetkmls, ela prmdfaurfs.

Kl rfspmlsf tm mur dmldfrls tget jfakdei m``kdfrs wfrf lmt f``fdtkvfiy

eavkskln durrflt vmiultffrs eomut tgfkr @@,DEoflf`kts ela prmdfaurfs `m

`kikln e diekj, tgf Sfedf Dmrps prmvkafa `ulakln `mr tgf afvfimpjflt m`

e vkafm ml @FDE. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps piellfa tm afvfimp tgf vkafm kl 5;;5

ela prfsflt kt et tgf ofnkllkln ela fla m` fedg vmiultffrs sfrvkdf.

Eii Fiknkoif @mrjfr

Pmiultffrs Jey Ttkii

Lmt _fdfkvf @FDE

Oflf`kts

E sknlk`kdelt lujofr m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs jey of e``fdtfa oy sfrvkdf-

rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls out jey lmt of ewerf m` tgfkr gfeitg oflf`kts

Eitgmung tgf Sfedf Dmrps ges klktketfa stfps tm ofttfr kl`mrj durrflt

vmiultffrs m` tgfkr @FDE oflf`kts, kt aka lmt piel tm kl`mrj vmiultffrs

wgm if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps of`mrf tgfsf kjprmvfjflts ofnel. Es e rfsuit,

smjf `mrjfr vmiultffrs wgm erf fiknkoif `mr ela lffa

@FDE

gfeitg derf

oflf`kts jey dmltkluf tm of ulewerf m` tgf oflf`kts ela jey lmt motekl

tgfj.

Mur tfifpgmlf survfy, qufstkmllekrfs, ela eleiysks m` @FDE diekjs klak-

detfa tget e sknlk`kdelt lujofr m` `mrjfr vmiultffrs dmuia gevf sfrvkdf

rfietfa gfeitg prmoifjs. Ml tgf oesks m` mur survfy sejpif, kl wgkdg

?5 pfrdflt seka tgfy gea e sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei prmoifj, wf erf

;0 pfrdflt dml`kaflt tget `rmj 53 tm 43 pfrdflt m` tgf `mrjfr vmiultffrs

wmuia sey tgfy gevf jfakdei prmoifjs rfietfa tm tgfkr Sfedf Dmrps sfr-

vkdf. M` tgfsf rfspmlaflts, jmrf tgel 63 pfrdflt seka tgfy aka lmt `kif e

@FV diekj `mr tgfkr prmoifj. Qgfy nflfreiiy seka tgfy aka lmt `kif e

diekj ofdeusf tgfy wfrf lmt ewerf m` tgf @FDE flf`kt mr tgf prmdfss `m

moteklkln tgf @FDE flf`kt. Qgf Sfedf Dmrps gea lfvfr survfyfa `mrjfr

vmiultffrs eomut pmtfltkei sfrvkdf-rfietfa gfeitg prmoifjs. Kl 5;7;, tgf

Sfedf Dmrps prfperfa, out lfvfr sflt mut, e survfy qufstkmllekrf tm

jfesurf tgfsf ela mtgfr pmtfltkei prmoifjs essmdketfa wktg `mrjfr

vmiultffrs.

Senf ?0



29/34

Dgeptfr 4

@mrjfr Pmiultffrs ^ktg Tfrvkd~_fietfa

Gfeitg Srmoifj Jey Lmt _jfkvf

Gfeitg Oflf`kts

Kl eaaktkml, m` tgf 41 `mrjfr vmiultffrs et tgf Letkmlei Dml`frfldf wg

wf kltfrvkfwfa ela wgm dmjpiftfa qufstkmllekrfs, 50 ofikfvfa tgfy ge

sfrvkdf-rfietfa kiilfssfs mr mtgfr jfakdei dmlaktkmls. Qgfsf kldiuafa gf

etktks2 peresktfs2 dgrmlkd bkalfy kl`fdtkmls2 tuofrduimsks2 edutf imss m`

skngt, gferkln, ela usf m` ikjos2 jeierke2 ela psydgmimnkdei prmoifjs.

Mliy `kvf `mrjfr vmiultffrs seka tgfy wfrf nflfreiiy ewerf m` tgfkr @F

oflf`kts.

@kleiiy, mur jfakdei dmlsuitelt `mula tget kl ?> m` tgf ?57 Sfedf Dmrps

@FDE desfs eleiyzfa, tgf jfakdei m``kdfrs `ekifa tm kafltk`y jfakdei

prmoifjs prfsflt et tgf dimsf-m`-sfrvkdf fxejkletkml. Qgf `edt tget tgf

vmiultffrs jfakdei prmoifjs jmst ikbfiy mddurrfa aurkln tgfkr Sfedf

Dmrps sfrvkdf reksfs qufstkmls dmldfrlkln tgf eafquedy m` tgf dimsf-m`-

sfrvkdf fxejkletkml ela tgf pmtfltkei `mr vmiultffrs tm su``fr `rmj

sfrvkdf-rfietfa prmoifjs e`tfr tgfkr Sfedf Dmrps sfrvkdf.

Qgf Akrfdtmr `mr tgf M``kdf m` _fturlfa Pmiultffr Tfrvkdfs seka tget, kl

gfr mpklkml, tgfrf wfrf jely jmrf `mrjfr vmiultffrs wktg sfrvkdf-

rfietfa jfakdei prmoifjs tgel tgf Sfedf Dmrps rfeikzfa. Kl nflfrei, sgf

seka, mliy `mrjfr vmiultffrs wgm blfw eomut

@FDE

ela aka lmt gevf pf

smlei gfeitg klsureldf dmltedtfa tgf Sfedf Dmrps tm `kif e @FDE diekj.

Qgmsf `mrjfr vmiultffrs wgm gea ikttif mr lm blmwifanf eomut @FDE uit

jetfiy gelaifa tgfkr sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkml oy tgfjsfivfs m

tgrmung prkvetf gfeitg klsureldf.

Dmldiuskmls

Eitgmung tgf Sfedf Dmrps ges kjprmvfa kts @KWE essksteldf prmnrej, kt

aka lmt piel tm kl`mrj eii `mrjfr vmiultffrs m` tgfkr @FDE fltktifjflt,

jely m` wgmj if`t tgf Sfedf Dmrps prkmr tm tgfsf kjprmvfjflts ela

jey gevf sfrvkdf-rfietfa jfakdei dmlaktkmls.

_fdmjjflaetkml

^f rfdmjjfla tget tgf Akrfdtmr m` tgf Sfedf Dmrps kl`mrj eii `mrjfr

vmiultffrs m` tgfkr @FDE fltktifjflt. _fturlfa Sfedf Dmrps vmiultffr

nrmups, tgf Letkmlei Dmuldki `mr _fturlfa Pmiultffrs, ela tgf Sfedf

Dmrps puoikdetkmls sflt tm `mrjfr vmiultffrs dmuia of usfa tm akssfjk-

letf tgks kl`mrjetkml.

Enfldy Dmjjflts ela

Kl dmjjfltkln mreiiy ml e are`t m` tgks rfpmrt, Sfedf Dmrps m``kdkeis

Mur Fveiuetkml

stetfa tget tgf enfldy ks piellkln tm et ifest pertkeiiy kjpifjflt mur

rfdmjjflaetkml oy sflakln @FDE kl`mrjetkml tm `mrjfr vmiultffrs `mr

wgmj kt ges jekikln eaarfssfs. Qgf enfldy aka lmt piel, gmwfvfr, tm u

Senf ?> NEM/LTKEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg D


30/34

Dgeptfr 7

@mrjfr Pmiultffre ^ktg Tfrvk:_fietfa

Gfeitg Srmoifj& Jey Lmt _fdfkvf

Gfeitg Oflf`kts

--

tgf mrnelkzetkmls m` rfturlfa vmiultffrs mr Sfedf Dmrps puoikdetkmls tm

flsurf e jmrf dmjpiftf akssfjkletkml m` tgks kl`mrjetkml.

Senf ?;

NEM/LTIEA-;5-?54 Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


31/34

Senf ?;

NEM/LTKEA;5-?5; Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg De


32/34

Eppflakx K

Jehmr Dmltrkoutmrs tm Qgks _fpmrt

Letkmlei Tfdurkty ela

Aevka _. Jertkl, Esskstelt Akrfdtmr

Kltfrletkmlei E``ekrs

Fawera H. Nfmrnf, Fveiuetmr-kl-Dgernf

Berfl G. Drfiifr, Fveiuetmr

Akvkskml, ^esgklntml,

AD.

Furmpfel M``kdf

Aelly _. Ourtml, Eavksmr

Setrkdke J. _knnif, Tktf Tflkmr

[mielae D. Nerdke, Fveiuetmr

@er Fest M``kdf

Srksdkiie J. Gerrksml, _fnkmlei Essknljflt Jelenfr

Jkdgefi A. _mgroedb, Tktf Tflkmr

Frlfst E. Amrkln, Fveiuetmr

Ims Elnfifs _fnkmlei

Setrkdb @. Nmrjify, _fnkmlei Essknljflt Jelenfr

M``kdf

Nrftdgfl F. Omrlgmp, Eavksmr

Nredf B, Tebmae, Tktf Tflkmr

(1>??53)

Senf 43

NEM/LTKEA-;5-?5; Sfedf Dmrps Gfeitg Der


33/34

Qgt* `krst. `kvf dmpkfs m` fedg NEM rqjrt erf `rff. ,1aaktkmlei jp~tv

ert $? fedg. Mratj sgmuia of sflt tm tgf `miimwkln eaarfss, eddmlr

pelkfa oy e dgfdb mr jmlfy mrafr jeaf mut tm tgf Tupfrkjfuaflt

m` K)mdurlflts, wgfl lfdfssery. Mrafrs `mr 533 mr jmrf dmpkfs t,m o

uu~kifa tm e skunif eaarfss erf aksdmultfa ?6 pfrdflt..

K r.T. Nt*ufrei EddmuuDkln M``kdf

K.(). Omx 03 56

Nekt.gfrsourn, JK) ?37>>

Mratvs jey eism of piedfa oy deiikln (?3?) ?>6-0?15.


34/34

peace corps: "long needed improvements to volunteers'health care system" government accounting...

Documents