peace corps bangladesh welcome book | october 2005

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Bangladesh Welcome Book | October 2005

1/97

WNJ \JABJ B M[\R XJ IBM@J R TMZ WM

KACHIAGJRN

A \ J A B J B M [ \ R \ Z K I D B AW D M C

O M [ C J X _ M I Z C W J J [ R

M b w m k j { ; < < :


2/97


3/97

A XJ IBM @J I J WWJ[

H{jjwdchr o{m` Kachiagjrn!

Xj nm|j wnaw {jbjdvdch tmz{ dcvdwawdmc wm rj{vj ar a \jabj

Bm{|r _mizcwjj{ dc Kachiagjrn dr ac j~bdwdch `m`jcw om{ tmz#

Dw(r a ndhn |mdcw om{ zr) wmm) ar xj acwdbd|awj tmz{ a{{dvai#

Tmz `zrw kj xmcgj{dch xnaw dwr idej dc Kachiagjrn# Om{rwa{wj{r) dwr nmw) dwr nz`dg) dwr oiaw) acg dwr vj{t h{jjc# Dwr

airm a oarbdcawdch |iabj wm idvj# Wnj xnmij bmzcw{t dr akmzw wnj

rdj mo Xdrbmcrdc) kzw xdwn naio mo wnj Z#R# |m|ziawdmc! Aw

a{mzcg 17< `diidmc) dw dr mcj mo wnj `mrw gjcrjit |m|ziawjg

bmzcw{djr dc wnj xm{ig# Wnj ba|dwai) Gnaea) dr a ia{hj bdwt mo 12

`diidmc |jm|ij) àct mo wnj` vj{t |mm{# [a|dg h{mxwn dc

{jbjcw tja{r nar k{mzhnw xdwn dw b{mxgjg rw{jjwr) a |{mozrdmcmo bjii|nmcjr acg Dcwj{cjw baojr) `ziwdrwm{djg rnm||dch àiir)

acg h{mbj{t rwm{jr wnaw rjii Rcdbej{r) M{jmr) acg Gm{dwmr#

Wnj àfm{dwt mo |jm|ij dc Kachiagjrn a{j @zrid`) acg wnj

àfm{dwt mo @zrid`r a{j `mgj{awj# Kachiagjrndr a{j vj{t rj{dmzr

akmzw wnjd{ |midwdbr# Wnjt a{j ac dcgj|jcgjcw acg dcgzrw{dmzr

|jm|ij xnm a{j hjczdcjit bm``dwwjg wm d`|{mvdch wnjd{ jcvd{mc-

`jcw acg rwacga{g mo idvdch# Xm`jc a{j |iatdch ac dcb{jardchit

d`|m{wacw {mij dc gjvjim|`jcw) kmwn xm{edch mzwrdgj wnj nm`j

acg kjbm`dch `m{j acg `m{j jcw{j|{jcjz{dai aw wnj vdiiahj

ijvji) jvjc wnmzhn wnjt a{j rwdii cmw oziit jàcbd|awjg#

A àfm{ bmcbj{c mo \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn dr wnj raojwt acg

rjbz{dwt mo _mizcwjj{r# Wnjrj drrzjr a{j j`|nardjg acg gdr-

bzrrjg dc gjwadi gz{dch |{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch acg dc aii rzkrj-qzjcw w{adcdchr# Mz{ j`|nardr mc raojwt dr {joijbwjg dc wnj

{dhm{ waejc wm rjijbw _mizcwjj{ xm{e rdwjr acg nmrw oa`didjr#

\jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn |{mvdgjr jvj{t _mizcwjj{ xdwn a


4/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R;

`mkdij wjij|nmcj) acg _mizcwjj{r a{j arrdhcjg mcit wm bm`-

`zcdwdjr xnj{j `mkdij |nmcjr bac abbjrr a rdhcai# @act

_mizcwjj{r airm navj Dcwj{cjw baojr dc wnjd{ bm``zcdwdjr#

Rj{vdch dc Kachiagjrn xdii cmw kj jart# Dwr ac j~w{j`jit |mm{

bmzcw{t) xdwn a vj{t gjcrj |m|ziawdmc) acg tmz xdii kj a

bz{dmrdwt a`mch wnaw |m|ziawdmc# Kjbazrj wnj |m|ziawdmc dr rm

ia{hj) wnj{j dr a vj{t gdooj{jcw bziwz{ai vdjx mo |j{rmcai r|abj#

Tmz xdii cjjg wm agfzrw wm cja{ bmcrwacw awwjcwdmc# Tmz xdii

airm cjjg wm hadc rm`j oizjcbt dc Kachia wm kj a rzbbjrrozi

_mizcwjj{ kjbazrj ojx |jm|ij mzwrdgj wnj ba|dwai r|jae

Jchidrn# Wnjrj bnaiijchjr) a`mch mwnj{r) àej Kachiagjrn ac

dgjai bmzcw{t om{ wnj \jabj Bm{|r# Xdwn rm `zbn cjjg nj{j)

wnj{j dr a h{jaw gjai mo hmmg tmz bac gm# Tmz xdii navj wnj

m||m{wzcdwt wm kjbm`j |a{w mo ac joom{w wnaw xdii àej a gdo-

oj{jcbj dc wnj ozwz{j mo Kachiagjrn#

Kjom{j tmz gjbdgj xnjwnj{ wm abbj|w wnj dcvdwawdmc wm rj{vjnj{j) {jag aii wnj àwj{dair dc wnj dcvdwawdmc |abejw) dcbizgdch

tmz{ _mizcwjj{ arrdhc`jcw gjrb{d|wdmc acg wnj _mizcwjj{

Nacgkmme# Wnjt xdii nji| tmz zcgj{rwacg xnaw tmz{ {mij acg

{jr|mcrdkdidwdjr xdii kj ar a _mizcwjj{ dc Kachiagjrn#

Xj nm|j tmz abbj|w mz{ dcvdwawdmc wm fmdc zr dc Kachiagjrn#

Wnj \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn rwaoo dr nj{j wm rz||m{w tmz dc

wnj rdchzia{it zcdqzj acg bnaiijchdch fmk mo kjdch a \jabj

Bm{|r _mizcwjj{# Xj xjibm`j tmz wm kj |a{w mo mz{ bm``zcd-

wt) acg xj a{j rz{j wnj j~|j{djcbj xdii kj a {jxa{gdch mcj#

Xj imme om{xa{g wm `jjwdch tmz) hjwwdch wm ecmx tmz) acg

xm{edch xdwn tmz gz{dch tmz{ rj{vdbj#

Wnj Gd{jbwm{ acg Rwaoo mo \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn


5/97

WAK IJ MO BM CWJ CWR

@a| mo Kachiagjrn

A Xjibm`j Ijwwj{ 1

\jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn Ndrwm{t acg \{mh{a`r 8

Ndrwm{t mo wnj \jabj Bm{|r dc Kachiagjrn 8

Ndrwm{t acg Ozwz{j mo \jabj Bm{|r\{mh{a``dch dc Kachiagjrn 8->

Bmzcw{t Mvj{vdjx6 Kachiagjrn aw a Hiacbj 11

Ndrwm{t 11

Hmvj{c`jcw 1;

Jbmcm`t 1;-12\jm|ij acg Bziwz{j 12

Hjm{h{a|nt acg Bid`awj 17-1:

Jcvd{mc`jcw 1:-1?

[jrmz{bjr om{ Oz{wnj{ Dcom{`awdmc 14

Idvdch Bmcgdwdmcr acg _mizcwjj{ Idojrwtij ;:

Bm``zcdbawdmcr ;:-;8

Nmzrdch acg Rdwj Imbawdmc ;8-;>

Idvdch Aiimxacbj acg @mcjt @acahj`jcw ;>-;4

Ommg acg Gdjw ;4-21

W{acr|m{wawdmc 21-22

Rmbdai Abwdvdwdjr 22-27

\{mojrrdmcaidr`) G{jrr) acg Kjnavdm{ 27-2?

\j{rmcai Raojwt 2?

[jxa{gr acg O{zrw{awdmcr 28-24


6/97

\jabj Bm{|r W{adcdch 71

Mvj{vdjx mo \{j-Rj{vdbj W{adcdch 71

Wjbncdbai W{adcdch 71-7;Iachzahj W{adcdch 7;

B{mrr-Bziwz{ai W{adcdch 7;-72

Njaiwn W{adcdch 72

Raojwt W{adcdch 72

Aggdwdmcai W{adcdchr Gz{dch _mizcwjj{ Rj{vdbj 72-77

Tmz{ Njaiwn Ba{j acg Raojwt dc Kachiagjrn 78

Njaiwn Drrzjr dc Kachiagjrn 78

Nji|dch Tmz Rwat Njaiwnt 78-7>

@adcwadcdch Tmz{ Njaiwn 7>-74

Xm`jcr Njaiwn Dcom{`awdmc 74-:

Rjbz{dwt Drrzjr dc Kachiagjrn :>-?2

\{j-gj|a{wz{j Bnjbeidrw >4

Bmcwabwdch \jabj Bm{|r Njagqza{wj{r 42


8/97


9/97

\ J AB J BM[\R K ACH I AG J RN

N D RWM[T ACG \[M H [A@RNdrwm{t mo wnj \jabj Bm{|r dc Kachiagjrn

\jabj Bm{|r _mizcwjj{r od{rw kjhac rj{vdch dc wnj a{ja wnaw dr

cmx Kachiagjrn xnjc dw xar ecmxc ar Jarw \aedrwac) acg wnj

\jabj Bm{|r {j`adcjg abwdvj dc wnj a{ja wn{mzhnmzw wnj

14?) xnjc wnj od{rw h{mz| mo _mizcwjj{r wm rj{vj dc

Kachiagjrn a{{dvjg dc Gnaea) wnj ba|dwai# Xdwn a w{j`jcgmzr

cjjg wm d`|{mvj wnj Jchidrn iachzahj rediir mo Kachiagjrnd

wjabnj{r) _mizcwjj{r dcdwdaiit xm{ejg j~bizrdvjit ar Jchidrn

wjabnj{r aw |{d`a{t-wjabnj{ w{adcdch dcrwdwzwjr# Wxm `m{j

h{mz|r mo _mizcwjj{r a{{dvjg mvj{ wnj cj~w wn{jj tja{r) acg

\jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn xar kjhdccdch wm jrwakidrn dwr {mmwr

xnjc wnj jvjcwr mo Rj|wj`kj{ 11) ;


10/97

h{mz| mo _mizcwjj{r a{{dvjg wm {jrwa{w wnj |{mh{a`# Wndr h{mz|

xar arrdhcjg wm xm{e dc tmzwn gjvjim|`jcw bjcwj{r) xndbn

|{mvdgj vmbawdmcai w{adcdch wm agmijrbjcwr acg tmzch agziwro{m` gdragvacwahjg {z{ai acg z{kac kabeh{mzcgr# Wnjrj

_mizcwjj{r xj{j o{jj wm gjvjim| |{mfjbwr karjg mc bm``zcdwt

cjjgr# Kjbazrj mo wnj w{j`jcgmzr gjàcg om{ wjabnj{r mo

Jchidrn ar a om{jdhc iachzahj) àct mo wnj _mizcwjj{r rwa{wjg

WJOI biarrjr aw wnj tmzwn gjvjim|`jcw bjcwj{r# Om{ wnaw {ja-

rmc) \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn cmx |{mvdgjr aii _mizcwjj{r xdwn

WJOI w{adcdch) wnmzhn _mizcwjj{r dc wndr a{ja {jàdc o{jj wm

xm{e xdwn bjcwj{ rwaoo wm gjvjim| |{mfjbwr wnaw {joijbw wnjd{

mxc ecmxijghj acg rediir ar xjii ar bm``zcdwt cjjgr#

Dc Ojk{za{t ;


11/97

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N 4

C M W J R


12/97


13/97

BMZ CW[T M_ J[ _ D JX 6

KACH IAGJR N AW A H IACBJNdrwm{t

Wnj iacg wnaw bmcrwdwzwjr Kachiagjrn nar rjjc `act |midwdbai

bnachjr) acg wnj a{jar ndrwm{t dr dcwj{wxdcjg xdwn wnj `twnr)

j`|d{jr) j|dbr) acg xa{r mo wnj Rmzwnjarw Ardac rzkbmcwdcjcw#

Dc 18:8) wnj iacg wnaw dr cmx Kachiagjrn kjba`j |a{w mo

K{dwdrn Dcgda acg xar baiijg Jarw Kjchai# Xnjc Dcgda xmc dwr

dcgj|jcgjcbj o{m` K{dwadc dc 1478) dwr varw wj{{dwm{t xar |a{-

wdwdmcjg wm b{jawj a @zrid` cawdmc) \aedrwac) `agj z| mo Xjrw

\aedrwac acg Jarw \aedrwac# Wnjrj wxm jcwdwdjr xj{j kmzcg kt

a bm``mc {jidhdmc kzw xj{j rj|a{awjg kt bziwz{j) iachzahj)

acg 1)


14/97

Hmvj{c`jcw

Kachiagjrn dr a `ziwd|a{wt gj`mb{abt xdwn a zcdba`j{ai |a{-

ida`jcwa{t hmvj{c`jcw# Wnj 21$ acg nj{ Kachiagjrn

Cawdmcaidrw \a{wt wmme moodbj# Dc 144?) Rnjden Nardca Xafjg)gazhnwj{ mo dcgj|jcgjcbj ijagj{ @zfdk) kjba`j |{d`j `dcdr-

wj{ xnjc nj{ |a{wt om{`jg a bmaidwdmc wnaw xmc wnj `afm{dwt mo

rjawr dc wnj jijbwdmc wnaw tja{# Wnj rw{zhhij om{ |mxj{ bmcwdc-

zjg xdwn gjczcbdawdmcr) dcwj{`dwwjcw rw{dejr) acg mbbardmcai

vdmijcbj) ijagdch z| wm wnj |a{ida`jcwa{t jijbwdmcr dc Mbwmkj{

;


15/97

b{m|r) kzw xnjaw acg wja a{j arrz`dch h{jawj{ d`|m{wacbj#

@aczoabwz{dch mo {jagt-àgj ha{`jcwr |{mvdgjr j`|imt`jcw

om{ `m{j wnac 1#: `diidmc |jm|ij) àct mo wnj` xm`jc) acghjcj{awjr cja{it >< |j{bjcw mo wnj bmzcw{tr j~|m{w ja{cdchr#

Xm`jc |{mvdgj akmzw mcj-qza{wj{ mo wnj ja{cjg dcbm`j) o{j-

qzjcwit adgjg kt `db{mb{jgdw imacr o{m` wnj H{a`jjc Kace)

wnj Kachiagjrn [z{ai Agvacbj`jcw Bm``dwwjj) ràii cmc-

hmvj{c`jcwai m{hacdawdmcr) acg mwnj{ dccmvawdvj b{jgdw

rmz{bjr#

Aiwnmzhn wnj dcgzrw{dai rjbwm{ dr h{mxdch) àdcit dc fzwj |{mg-

zbwr acg bmwwmc wj~wdijr) zcj`|imt`jcw acg zcgj{j`|imt-

`jcw {jàdc rj{dmzr |{mkij`r# Wnj h{mxdch ha{`jcw dcgzrw{t

j`|imtr wjcr mo wnmzracgr mo Kachiagjrndr) kzw wndr àt

bnachj xnjc wnj idowdch mo a qzmwa rtrwj` dr oziit d`|ij`jcw-

jg) aiimxdch Z#R# d`|m{wj{r wm kzt wnjd{ hmmgr o{m` act bmzc-

w{t xdwnmzw id`dw# Kachiagjrn xdii kj om{bjg wm bm`|jwj xdwn

Bndca) _djwca`) acg mwnj{ Ardac bmzcw{djr xnj{j iakm{ drbnja| acg àczoabwz{dch rediir kjwwj{ gjvjim|jg# Wnj cjjg

om{ mwnj{ rmz{bjr mo j`|imt`jcw xdii kjbm`j jvjc `m{j b{dwd-

bai om{ Kachiagjrnr bmcwdczmzrit h{mxdch |m|ziawdmc#

\jm|ij acg Bziwz{j

Kjchaidr àej z| wnj ia{hjrw jwncdb h{mz| dc Kachiagjrn) bmc-

rwdwzwdch 4> |j{bjcw mo wnj |m|ziawdmc# Dc aggdwdmc) wnj{j a{j

Kdna{dr .rm`j mo xnm` bmcrdgj{ wnj`rjivjr rw{acgjg

\aedrwacdr$) xnmrj acbjrwm{r d``dh{awjg o{m` wnj cm{wnjarw

Dcgdac rwawj mo Kdna{) acg wnj zcdqzj w{dkai |jm|ijr mo wnj Ndii

W{abw {jhdmcr dc wnj cm{wn acg jarw# Kachia .airm ecmxc ar

Kjchaid$) wnj cawdmcai iachzahj) dr r|mejc wn{mzhnmzw wnj

bmzcw{t) ar xjii ar dc jarwj{c Dcgda# Wnj gm`dcacw {jidhdmc drDria` .>2 |j{bjcw$) xdwn a rdakij |m|ziawdmc .1? |j{bjcw$ mo

Ndcgzr# Kzggndrwr) Bn{drwdacr) acg mwnj{r àej z| 1 |j{bjcw

mo wnj |m|ziawdmc#



16/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R17

Hjmh{a|nt acg Bidàwj

Aiwnmzhn dw dr {jiawdvjit ràii) Kachiagjrn dr mcj mo wnj `mrw

gjcrjit |m|ziawjg bmzcw{djr dc wnj xm{ig# Dw km{gj{r wnj Kat

mo Kjchai wm wnj rmzwn acg rmzwnjarw) acg Dcgda rz{{mzcgr wnj

{jrw mo wnj bmzcw{t) xdwn wnj j~bj|wdmc mo a ràii |a{w dc wnj

j~w{j`j rmzwnjarw wnaw km{gj{r @tacà{ .Kz{à$# Wndr km{-

gj{ dr bz{{jcwit bimrjg#

@mrw mo wnj bmzcw{t dr imx itdch acg oiaw) om{`dch wnj gjiwa mo

wn{jj h{jaw {dvj{r6 wnj Hachjr) wnj K{anà|zw{a) acg wnj@jhnca# Wnjrj {dvj{r mowjc bnachj bmz{rj) {jrziwdch dc a bm`-

|ij~ |awwj{c mo xawj{xatr b{drrb{mrrdch wnj iacg# Wnj{j a{j

imx ndiir dc wnj cm{wnjarw acg wnj rmzwnjarw) xnj{j wnj iacg

{drjr wm ai`mrw 4


17/97

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N 1:

Wnj `mcrmmc rjarmc o{m` `dg-Fzcj wm `dg-Mbwmkj{ dr vj{t

nz`dg kzw ridhnwit bmmij{ .;: wm 22 B$ wnac wnj xdcwj{ rja-

rmc# Wnj `mcrmmcr gdooj{ dc dcwjcrdwt) kzw dw dr cmw zczrzai om{{adc wm oaii om{ gatr xdwnmzw rwm||dch# Idhnwcdch rwm{`r a{j

ijrr o{jqzjcw) kzw oimmgdch dcb{jarjr h{jawit ab{mrr wnj bmzc-

w{t# Bimwnjr {mw) wj`|j{r o{at) acg |jm|ij xa{`it xjibm`j wnj

jcg mo `mcrmmc rjarmc#

Dc azwz`c .`dg-Mbwmkj{ wm `dg-Gjbj`kj{$ wnj xjawnj{

{j`adcr nmw .;> wm 22 B$) h{agzaiit bmmidch moo ar xdcwj{

a||{mabnjr# Cdhnw wj`|j{awz{jr g{m|) oaiidch wm 1: wm ;


18/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R1?

wnj |miizwdmc dr hjmimhdbai) xdwn a{rjcdb {jijarjg dcwm h{mzcg-

xawj{ wn{mzhn cawz{aiit mbbz{{dch bmcgdwdmcr dc wnj aqzdoj{#

\jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn wjrwr aii _mizcwjj{ rdwjr om{ a{rjcdbbmcwa`dcawdmc mo wnj xawj{ rz||it acg |{mvdgjr _mizcwjj{r

xdwn wnjd{ mxc wjrwdch edwr#


19/97


C M W J R


20/97


21/97


[ J RMZ[ B J R OM[

OZ[WN J [ D C OM [@AW DMC

Omiimxdch dr a idrw mo xjkrdwjr om{ aggdwdmcai dcom{àwdmc akmzw

wnj \jabj Bm{|r acg Kachiagjrn) acg wm bmccjbw tmz wm

{jwz{cjg _mizcwjj{r acg mwnj{ dcvdwjjr# \ijarj ejj| dc `dcg

wnaw aiwnmzhn xj w{t wm àej rz{j aii wnjrj idcer a{j abwdvj

acg bz{{jcw) xj baccmw hza{acwjj dw# Do tmz gm cmw navj abbjrr

wm wnj Dcwj{cjw) vdrdw tmz{ imbai idk{a{t# Idk{a{djr mooj{ o{jj

Dcwj{cjw zrahj acg mowjc ijw tmz |{dcw dcom{àwdmc wm waej

nm`j#

A cmwj mo bazwdmc6 Ar tmz rz{o wnj Dcwj{cjw) kj axa{j wnaw tmz

àt odcg kziijwdc kma{gr acg bnaw {mm`r dc xndbn |jm|ij a{j

o{jj wm j~|{jrr m|dcdmcr akmzw wnj \jabj Bm{|r karjg mc wnjd{mxc j~|j{djcbjr) dcbizgdch bm``jcwr kt wnmrj xnm xj{j

zcna||t xdwn wnjd{ bnmdbj wm rj{vj dc wnj \jabj Bm{|r# Wnjrj

m|dcdmcr a{j cmw wnmrj mo wnj \jabj Bm{|r m{ wnj Z#R# hmvj{c-

`jcw) acg xj nm|j tmz xdii ejj| dc `dcg wnaw cm wxm |jm|ij

j~|j{djcbj wnjd{ rj{vdbj dc wnj ra`j xat#

Hjcj{ai Dcom{àwdmc Akmzw Kachiagjrn

xxx#bmzcw{txawbn#bm`

Mc wndr rdwj) tmz bac ija{c actwndch o{m` xnaw wd`j dw dr dc

Gnaea wm nmx wm bmcvj{w o{m` wnj gmiia{ wm wnj waea# Fzrw bidbe

mc Kachiagjrn acg hm o{m` wnj{j#

xxx#imcjit|iacjw#bm`gjrwdcawdmcr_drdw wndr rdwj om{ hjcj{ai w{avji agvdbj akmzw ai`mrw act bmzc-

w{t dc wnj xm{ig#


22/97

xxx#rwawj#hmv

Wnj Rwawj Gj|a{w`jcwr xjkrdwj drrzjr kabeh{mzcg cmwjr |j{d-

mgdbaiit akmzw bmzcw{djr a{mzcg wnj xm{ig# Odcg Kachiagjrnacg ija{c `m{j akmzw dwr rmbdai acg |midwdbai ndrwm{t#

xxx#btkj{rbnmmikzr#zc#m{hdcomcawdmcdcom#ar|

Wndr Zcdwjg Cawdmcr rdwj aiimxr tmz wm rja{bn om{ rwawdrwdbai

dcom{àwdmc om{ `j`kj{ rwawjr mo wnj ZC#

xxx#xm{igdcom{àwdmc#bm`

Wndr rdwj |{mvdgjr ac aggdwdmcai rmz{bj mo bz{{jcw acg ndrwm{d-

bai dcom{àwdmc akmzw ;;> bmzcw{djr#

Bmccjbw Xdwn [jwz{cjg _mizcwjj{r acg Mwnj{ Dcvdwjjr

xxx#{|bv#m{h

Wndr dr wnj rdwj mo wnj Cawdmcai \jabj Bm{|r Arrmbdawdmc) àgj

z| mo {jwz{cjg _mizcwjj{r# Mc wndr rdwj tmz bac odcg idcer wm aii

wnj Xjk |ahjr mo wnj o{djcgr mo h{mz|r om{ `mrw bmzcw{djr mo

rj{vdbj) àgj z| mo om{`j{ _mizcwjj{r xnm rj{vjg dc wnmrj

bmzcw{djr# Wnj{j a{j airm {jhdmcai h{mz|r xnm o{jqzjcwit hjw

wmhjwnj{ om{ rmbdai jvjcwr acg imbai vmizcwjj{ abwdvdwdjr#

nww|6{|bvxjk{dch#cjwod{`r#bm`

Wndr rdwj dr ecmxc ar wnj [jwz{cjg \jabj Bm{|r _mizcwjj{

Xjk [dch# A om{`j{ _mizcwjj{ xnm rj{vjg dc Ejcta àdcwadcr

dw# K{mxrj wnj Xjk {dch acg rjj xnaw om{`j{ _mizcwjj{r a{j

ratdch akmzw wnjd{ rj{vdbj#

xxx#|jabjbm{|rx{dwj{r#m{h

Wndr rdwj dr nmrwjg kt a h{mz| mo {jwz{cjg _mizcwjj{ x{dwj{r# Dw

dr a `mcwnit mcidcj |zkidbawdmc mo jrratr acg _mizcwjj{abbmzcwr mo wnjd{ \jabj Bm{|r rj{vdbj#

\ J A B J B M [ \ R;


23/97

xxx#fmjrvdgjmr#bm`ra{ankachiagjrn

Wm rjj rm`j rca|rnmwr mo Kachiagjrn) bnjbe mzw wndr Xjk

|ahj rjw z| kt wnj oa`dit mo a Kachiagjrn _mizcwjj{#

Mcidcj A{wdbijrBz{{jcw Cjxr Rdwjr Akmzw Kachiagjrn

xxx#bdwjbnbm#cjw

Wnj rdwj mo mcj mo wnj `afm{ Dcwj{cjw rj{vdbj |{mvdgj{r dc

Kachiagjrn) a bm`|act mxcjg kt wnj H{a`jjc Kace# Wnj

kacer dccmvawdvj bmcbj|w mo `db{mimacr nar |{mvdgjg wnj |mm{dc hjcj{ai acg xm`jc dc |a{wdbzia{ xdwn wnj `jacr wm rwa{w

r`aii kzrdcjrrjr) rwa{wdch a xm{igxdgj w{jcg#

xxx#kachiagjrn#cjwmkrj{vj{

Rdwj mo wnjKachiagjrn Mkrj{vj{

xxx#dcgj|jcgjcw-kachiagjrn#bm`

Rdwj mo wnjDcgj|jcgjcw

xxx#gaditrwa{cjxr#bm`

Rdwj mo wnjGadit Rwa{

xxx#xjkkachiagjrn#bm`

A Kachiagjrnd rja{bn jchdcj

xxx#kachiagjrndcom#bm`

A Kachiagjrnd Xjk |m{wai

xxx#kachia;


24/97

Dcwj{cawdmcai Gjvjim|`jcw Rdwjr Akmzw Kachiagjrn

xxx#agk#m{h

Ardac Gjvjim|`jcw Kace

xxx#oam#m{h

Ommg acg Ah{dbziwz{j M{hacdawdmc

xxx#dim#m{h

Dcwj{cawdmcai Iakmz{ M{hacdawdmc

xxx#zcdbjo#m{h

Zcdwjg Cawdmcr Bndig{jcr Ozcg

xxx#zcg|#m{h

Zcdwjg Cawdmcr Gjvjim|`jcw \{mh{a``j

xxx#zcnb{#bn

Zcdwjg Cawdmcr Ndhn Bm``drrdmcj{ om{ [jozhjjr

xxx#xm{igkace-kachiagjrn#m{h

Rdwj mo wnj Xm{ig Kacer Gnaea moodbj

xxx#xnm#dcw

Xm{ig Njaiwn M{hacdawdmc

[jbm``jcgjg Kmmer

1# Bmiidcr) Ia{{t) acg Gm`dcdqzj Ia|dj{{j#O{jjgm` aw

@dgcdhnw# Cjx Tm{e6 Rd`mc / Rbnzrwj{) 148:#

;# Ha{gcj{) Eawt#Rmchr aw wnj [dvj{r Jghj6 Rwm{djr

O{m` a Kachiagjrnd _diiahj# Imcgmc6 _d{ahm \{jrr)

144;#

2# Na{w`acc) Kjwrt) acg Fa`jr E# Kmtbj#A Qzdjw

_dmijcbj6 _djx O{m` a Kachiagjrn _diiahj# Imcgmc6

Vjg Kmmer) 14>7#

\ J A B J B M [ \ R;;


25/97

7# @mcac) Fd`#Kachiagjrn6 Wnj Rw{jchwn wm Rzbbjjg#

Nj{cgmc) _a#6 Rwtizr \zkidrndch) 144


26/97


27/97

I D _ D C H BMC G D WD MCR ACG

_ MIZ CWJ J[ I D O J RWTI JBm``zcdbawdmcr

@adi

@adi kjbm`jr a vj{t d`|m{wacw idojidcj) jr|jbdaiit dc wnj kjhdc-

cdch xnjc tmz a{j agfzrwdch wm a cjx bziwz{j) a cjx iachzahj)

acg a cjx xm{e rdwzawdmc# Zcom{wzcawjit) nmxjvj{) àdi rj{v-

dbj kjwxjjc wnj Zcdwjg Rwawjr acg Kachiagjrn bac kj j{{awdb#

_mizcwjj{r {j|m{w wnaw xndij `mrw ijwwj{r acg |abeahjr jvjc-

wzaiit a{{dvj) wnjt bac waej actxnj{j o{m` a ojx gatr wm rjv-

j{ai `mcwnr wm {jabn tmz# Tmz bac nji| d`|{mvj wnj bnacbjr

mo a r|jjgt a{{dvai kt aredch oa`dit acg o{djcgr wm x{dwj _da

Ad{àdi m{ \a{ Avdmc mc wnjd{ ijwwj{r# Tmz `dhnw airm xacw wm

are |jm|ij wm cz`kj{ wnjd{ ijwwj{r rm tmz bac ejj| w{abe mo

xnjwnj{ act navj kjjc imrw#

\abeahjr mowjc waej `m{j wnac a `mcwn .acg rm`jwd`jr wxm

m{ wn{jj$ wm a{{dvj) jvjc xnjc wnjt navj kjjc rjcw kt ad{àdi#

Dc aggdwdmc) a wa~ karjg mc wnj vaizj mo wnj hmmgr bmcwadcjg dc

wnj |abeahj `zrw kj |adg wm {jbjdvj dw# Rj{vdbjr rzbn ar GNI)

Z\R) acg OjgJ~ a{j oarwj{) kzw bmcrdgj{akit `m{j j~|jcrdvjom{ kmwn wnj rjcgj{ acg wnj _mizcwjj{ kjbazrj mo ndhnj{ bzr-

wm`r gzwdjr mc j~|{jrr |abeahjrrm`jwd`jr z| wm ':


28/97

\jabj Bm{|r moodbj agg{jrr6

\jabj Bm{|r

Nmzrj 1;

Hzirnac ;

Gnaea 1;1;) Kachiagjrn

Wjij|nmcjr

Wjij|nmcj bm``zcdbawdmcr bac kj o{zrw{awdch dc

Kachiagjrniacg idcjr kjwxjjc wmxcr a{j cmw aixatr {jidakij)

acg tmz àt navj gdoodbziwdjr hjwwdch wn{mzhn# Nmxjvj{) bjii-|nmcj rj{vdbj dr gjvjim|dch {a|dgit) jvjc dc {z{ai a{jar#

Kjbazrj mo njdhnwjcjg bmcbj{c xm{igxdgj mvj{ wnj raojwt acg

rjbz{dwt mo A`j{dbacr ak{mag) \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn

{jbjcwit gjbdgjg wm |{mvdgj aii dwr _mizcwjj{r xdwn a bjii|nmcj)

xndbn bac kj zrjg wm baii act mwnj{ bjii|nmcj dc wnj bmzcw{t#

_mizcwjj{r a{j j~|jbwjg wm zrj wnjd{ bjii|nmcj om{ \jabj

Bm{|r-{jiawjg |z{|mrjr mcit acg wm àdcwadc dw dc hmmg bmcgd-wdmc#

@mrw bjii|nmcjr |z{bnarjg dc wnj Zcdwjg Rwawjr xdii cmw xm{e

dc Kachiagjrn kjbazrj mo wnj gdooj{dch wjbncmimht# Aiwnmzhn

bjii|nmcjr ba|akij mo àedch acg {jbjdvdch dcwj{cawdmcai baiir

a{j avadiakij om{ a{mzcg '?


29/97

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N

`jrrahj acg acmwnj{ {awj om{ {jbjdvdch `jrrahjr# Do tmz gm

cmw ai{jagt navj ac j-àdi abbmzcw wnaw tmz bac abbjrr mvj{-

rjar) tmz àt xacw wm hjw mcj kjom{j tmz bm`j wmKachiagjrn#

Ac aàdch abbm`|idrn`jcw mo Kachiagjrn dr wnj xdgjr|{jag

gjh{jj mo jijbw{dodbawdmc dc {z{ai a{jar# Xnjc g{dvdch dc wnj

bmzcw{trdgj) tmz xdii rjj rd`|ij `zg-k{dbe acg ka`kmm-àw

nmzrjr aimch wnj {mag xdwn ac jijbw{dbai km~ awwabnjg wm wnj

mzwrdgj xaii# Kjbazrj mo wnj {jagt avadiakdidwt mo jijbw{dbdwt)

`mrw _mizcwjj{r dc Kachiagjrn jcfmt wnj bmcvjcdjcbj mo jijb-

w{db idhnwr acg oacr# Do tmz navj a ia|wm|) ojji o{jj wm k{dch dw

xdwn tmz# Aiwnmzhn tmz xdii dcdwdaiit idvj xdwn a nmrw oa`dit

xnmrj nmzrdch àt kj vj{t kardb) dw rnmzig kj |mrrdkij wm rjw

z| a ia|wm| bm`|zwj{ do tmz `mvj dcwm tmz{ mxc a|a{w`jcw#

Aiwnmzhn wnj njaw) nz`dgdwt) acg gzrw bmzig gaàhj dw) tmz

xdii |{mkakit kj vj{t na||t wm navj a ia|wm| xdwn tmz om{ wt|-

dch ijwwj{r) ijrrmc |iacr) jwb# Xndij tmz àt cmw navj {mm` om{a |{dcwj{) tmz bac kzt gdrer imbaiit acg waej wnj` rm`jxnj{j

wm navj tmz{ àwj{dair |{dcwjg mzw om{ a `mgjrw bna{hj# Do tmz

bnmmrj wm k{dch a ia|wm|) xj rw{mchit {jbm``jcg wnaw tmz

dcrz{j dw#

Nmzrdch acg Rdwj ImbawdmcGz{dch |{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch acg om{ wnj od{rw wn{jj `mcwnr aw

rdwj) _mizcwjj{r idvj xdwn nmrw oa`didjr wm gjvjim| Kachia iac-

hzahj rediir) hadc a gjj|j{ zcgj{rwacgdch acg a||{jbdawdmc mo

Kachiagjrnd bziwz{j) acg oabdidwawj dcwjh{awdmc dc wnj bm``z-

cdwt# Omiimxdch wndr dcdwdai wn{jj-`mcwn |j{dmg) _mizcwjj{r àt

bnmmrj wm bmcwdczj idvdch xdwn wnjd{ nmrw oa`dit m{ rjje mwnj{

abbm``mgawdmcr# _mizcwjj{r hjcj{aiit odcg `mgjrw a|a{w-`jcwr dc wnjd{ bm``zcdwdjr) xndbn zrzaiit navj jijbw{dbdwt acg

;8


30/97

{zccdch xawj{# Nmrw oa`dit abbm``mgawdmcr a{j {jvdjxjg acg

a||{mvjg dc agvacbj kt \jabj Bm{|r rwaoo# Aii nmzrdch rjijbw-

jg kt _mizcwjj{r `zrw airm kj a||{mvjg kt wnj \jabjBm{|rKachiagjrn moodbj#

Wnj bm``zcdwdjr xnj{j _mizcwjj{r idvj acg xm{e a{j dgjcwd-

odjg kt \jabj Bm{|r rwaoo dc bmcfzcbwdmc xdwn wnj nmrw dcrwdwz-

wdmcr# \jabj Bm{|rKachiagjrn rwaoo vdrdw acg jvaizawj aii rdwjr

om{ raojwt acg rzdwakdidwt# A{mzcg wnj `dggij mo |{j-rj{vdbj

w{adcdch) jabn _mizcwjj{ dr arrdhcjg a rdwj abbm{gdch wm wnj

kjrw odw kjwxjjc wnj dcgdvdgzai acg wnj rdwj# _mizcwjj{r navj

wnj m|wdmc mo kjdch |mrwjg xdwn acmwnj{ _mizcwjj{|{mvdgjg

wnj {jqzjrw dr `zwzaim{ kjdch |mrwjg kt wnj`rjivjr# Dc

w{adcdch) tmz xdii gjvjim| rm`j dgja mo xnj{j tmz xmzig idej

wm kj |mrwjg) acg _mizcwjj{ |{joj{jcbj dr waejc dcwm abbmzcw#

Kjom{j tmz a{j rxm{c dc ar a _mizcwjj{) tmz xdii r|jcg wxm wm

wn{jj gatr aw tmz{ arrdhcjg |mrw) hadcdch rm`j ecmxijghj mownj bm``zcdwt dc xndbn tmz xdii idvj acg mo wnj xm{e wnaw tmz

xdii gm# Wndr dr ac j~bjiijcw wd`j om{ tmz wm {jbmcrdgj{ tmz{

bm``dw`jcw wm wxm tja{r mo rj{vdbj ar a \jabj Bm{|r

_mizcwjj{# Wnj j~|j{djcbj dr idej cm mwnj{) {dbn acg {jxa{gdch

dc xatr wnaw baccmw kj gz|idbawjg mwnj{xdrj) kzw dw gmjr

{jqzd{j nmcjrw bmcrdgj{awdmc mo tmz{ akdidwt wm bm|j xdwn wnj

rw{jrr acg gdrbm`om{wr mo idvdch mzwrdgj tmz{ bziwz{j acgxm{edch dc ac jcvd{mc`jcw wnaw dr |{mkakit vj{t gdooj{jcw

o{m` xnaw tmz a{j zrjg wm#

Idvdch Aiimxacbj acg @mcjt @acahj`jcw

Tmz xdii {jbjdvj a `mcwnit idvdch aiimxacbj wnaw |j{`dwr tmz wm

idvj `mgjrwit dc Kachiagjrn# Wnj j~|jbwawdmc dr wnaw tmz xdiiidvj aw wnj ra`j rwacga{g ar tmz{ Kachiagjrnd bmzcwj{|a{wr)

kzw xdwnmzw jcgachj{dch tmz{ njaiwn m{ raojwt# Wnj idvdch

aiimxacbj dr baibziawjg wm bmvj{ bmrwr om{ nmzrdch) zwdidwdjr)

ommg) bimwndch) wmdijw{djr) nmzrjnmig rz||idjr) w{acr|m{wawdmc wm

\ J A B J B M [ \ R;>


31/97

acg o{m` xm{e) imbaiit avadiakij {jb{jawdmc acg jcwj{wadc`jcw)

acg dcbdgjcwai j~|jcrjr rzbn ar |mrwahj) odi`) acg {jagdch

àwj{dair# Dc Kachiagjrn) _mizcwjj{r {jbjdvj a ràii aggdwdmcaiaiimxacbj wm |z{bnarj a bmz|ij mo mzwodwr àgj dc wnj imbai

rwtij mo g{jrr#

Ommg acg Gdjw

Wnj ommg dc Kachiagjrn dr rd`dia{ wm wnaw rj{vjg dc Dcgdac

{jrwaz{acwr dc wnj Zcdwjg Rwawjr# Wnj rwacga{g gdjw dr {dbj xdwnr|dbjg ijcwdir .gai$ acg odrn) `jaw) m{ vjhjwakij bz{{t# Wnj rwa-

|ij ommg dr {dbj) acg imx- wm `dggij-dcbm`j oa`didjr jaw {dbj

wn{jj wd`jr a gat# Xnjaw dr cmw |a{w mo wnj w{agdwdmcai gdjw kzw

dr kjbm`dch `m{j acg `m{j |m|zia{# Dw dr zrjg dc gjidbdmzr acg

rawdrotdch zcijavjcjg k{jagr .j#h#) bna|awd) cac) {mwd) jwb#$ acg

rcaber# Rm`j _mizcwjj{r odcg dw na{g wm aga|w wm xnaw wnjt

bmcrdgj{ j~bjrrdvj mdi acg o{djg ommgr dc wnj Kachiagjrnd gdjw#Wnj avadiakdidwt mo o{zdw acg vjhjwakijr va{djr abbm{gdch wm wnj

a{ja acg wnj rjarmc# Wnj xdcwj{ |{mvdgjr a hmmg va{djwt mo

o{jrn vjhjwakijr) xnj{jar wnj kjrw rjarmc om{ o{zdw .dcbizgdch

àchmjr) |dcja||ijr) acg |a|atar$ dr wnj rz``j{# Kacacar

a{j |ijcwdozi om{ `mrw mo wnj tja{#

_mizcwjj{r zrzaiit bmme om{ wnj`rjivjr mcbj wnjt a{j rjwwijg

dcwm wnjd{ cjx nm`j) kzw wnj{j a{j |ijcwt mo {jagt-àgj ommgr

avadiakij om{ wnmrj xnm a{j cmw edwbnjc dcbidcjg# Warwt) odiidch

|{j|a{jg ommgr dcbizgj ra`mrar .`jaw m{ vjhjwakijr o{djg dc a

w{dachzia{ |arw{t$)rndcha{ar .|mwawm acg vjhjwakijr dc |ar-

w{t$) acg àct edcgr mo`drnwd .ràii) baejidej rxjjwr wnaw

a{j rm`jwd`jr rj{vjg xdwn a rxjjw razbj$# Rm`j _mizcwjj{r

a{j akij wm jaw dc a bm``zcai rjwwdch aw wnjd{ xm{e rdwj#

Bijacidcjrr dc ommg |{j|a{awdmc dr aixatr ac drrzj# O{jrn o{zdwr

acg vjhjwakijr rnmzig cmw kj jawjc zcijrr |jjijg od{rw m{

rmaejg dc a kijabn m{ dmgdcj rmizwdmc) acg bmmejg ommg rnmzig

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N ;4


32/97

aixatr kj jawjc nmw# Wndr drrzj xdii kj agg{jrrjg `m{j wnm{-

mzhnit dc |{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch#

_jhjwa{dacr jcfmt |ijcwt mo bnmdbjr do wnjt bmme om{ wnj`-

rjivjr# G{djg kjacr) baccjg kjacr) acg wmoz a{j avadiakij dc

Gnaea) jhhr a{j aixatr avadiakij) acg va{dmzr edcgr mo

|{mbjrrjg bnjjrj wnaw gmjr cmw navj wm kj {jo{dhj{awjg bac kj

omzcg# Do tmz a{j dcvdwjg wm jaw aw rm`jmcjr nm`j) tmz àt

oabj wnj gdoodbziwt mo navdch wm gjbidcj xnaw dr mooj{jg wm tmz)

ar odrn acg `jaw a{j |a{w mo `mrw |jm|ijr gdjw# Nmxjvj{) do

tmz j~|iadc tmz{ gdjw kjom{j tmz a{{dvj) tmz{ nmrwr àt kj

akij wm bawj{ wm tmz{ cjjgr# Dc Kachiagjrn) kjdch a vjhjwa{dac

mowjc `jacr wnaw mcj jawr odrn m{ bndbejc) rm dw dr agvdrakij wm

kj vj{t j~|idbdw akmzw tmz{ gdjwa{t cjjgr# Dc aggdwdmc) wnj bmc-

bj|w mo vjhacdr` dr cmw oa`dida{ wm wnj varw àfm{dwt mo

Kachiagjrndr# _jhac _mizcwjj{r rnmzig kj |{j|a{jg wm jgz-

bawj wnjd{ nmrw oa`didjr akmzw wnjd{ gdjwa{t |{joj{jcbjr acg wm

àej agfzrw`jcwr wm wnjd{ gdjw do cjbjrra{t#

Aibmnmi dr diijhai dc Kachiagjrn acg vd{wzaiit zcavadiakij# Xnaw

idwwij aibmnmi dr avadiakij dr k{jxjg m{ gdrwdiijg diijhaiit acg

rmig mc wnj kiabe à{ejw# Wnj{j a{j {jhzia{ dcbdgjcwr dc

Kachiagjrn mo |jm|ij gtdch mo |mdrmcdch o{m` g{dcedch kag

aibmnmi# Gm cmw jvjc wndce akmzw w{tdch dw#

Dc Kachiagjrn) ar dc àct bziwz{jr) a gdrwdcbwdmc dr àgj

kjwxjjc wnj zrj mo wnj ijow acg {dhnw nacgr# Wnj ijow nacg dr

zrjg om{ bijacdch mcjr kmgt aowj{ zrdch wnj wmdijw acg dr wnj{j-

om{j bmcrdgj{jg zcbijac# X{dwdch xdwn wnj ijow nacg dr cmw a

|{mkij`) kzw ommg `zrw cmw kj wmzbnjg xdwn wnj ijow nacg#

Rdcbj Kachiagjrndr hjcj{aiit jaw zrdch wnjd{ odchj{r) tmz

rnmzig aixatr zrj tmz{ {dhnw nacg wm jaw jvjc do tmz a{j ijow-

nacgjg# Wnj{j dr cm cjjg wm xm{{t akmzw àedch a `jrr) ar

jvj{tkmgt jirj gmjr#

\ J A B J B M [ \ R2


33/97


34/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R2;

omiimx rjw {mzwjr om{ a imx ojj# .Dc {z{ai a{jar tmz `dhnw odcg

tmz{rjio rna{dch wnj` xdwn bndbejcr) hmawr) m{ baivjr#$

[dbernax raojwt xdii kj gdrbzrrjg gz{dch w{adcdch#

Imbai kzrjr bac kj d{{dwawdchit rimx# Imch-gdrwacbj kzrjr wjcg

wm w{avji aw zcraoj r|jjgr) kzw bm`|acdjr a{j kjhdccdch wm

d`|mrj |jcaiwdjr mc g{dvj{r xnm a{{dvj ja{idj{ wnac wnjd{

rbnjgzijg wd`j# Rm`j imch-gdrwacbj kzrjr navj `mgj{c

bmabnjr xdwn ad{ bmcgdwdmcdch) mooj{dch {jiawdvjit bmòm{wakij

w{avji# Abbdgjcwr acg b{d`j a{j `m{j o{jqzjcw gz{dch

mvj{cdhnw kzr w{avji) nmxjvj{) rm _mizcwjj{r a{j |{mndkdwjg

o{m` w{avjidch aw cdhnw#

W{adc w{avji dr zrzaiit a |ijaracw j~|j{djcbj# Aiwnmzhn imbai

w{adcr wjcg wm kj mvj{b{mxgjg) imch-gdrwacbj w{adcr a{j bm`-

om{wakij acg {jidakij# Od{rw-biarr) ad{-bmcgdwdmcjg rijj|dch bm`-

|a{w`jcwr a{j avadiakij mc rm`j {mzwjr) acg `mrw w{adcr navj

oacr# [adi rj{vdbj wm wnj xjrw dr bm`|idbawjg kt cz`j{mzr {dvj{b{mrrdchr5 mc wnjrj {mzwjr) w{avjij{r navj wm hjw moo wnj w{adc

acg mcwm a oj{{t wm {jfmdc wnj {adixat idcj mc wnj mwnj{ rdgj#

W{avji wm wnj rmzwnxjrw àt `jac waedch a rnm{w oj{{t w{d|

ab{mrr a ràii {dvj{ m{ z| wm wn{jj nmz{r om{ a ia{hj{ {dvj{#

Xadwdch wd`j om{ hjwwdch mcwm a oj{{t va{djr jcm{`mzrit) wnj

bz{{jcw {jbm{g kjdch 1: nmz{r# Kjbazrj oj{{djr bm``mcit

navj abbdgjcwr) wnjt |{jrjcw a {jai raojwt {dre# Tmz xdii ija{c

akmzw w{avjidch raojit mc xawj{ gz{dch |{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch#

Acmwnj{ `jacr mo w{avji wm wnj rmzwnxjrw dr vda iazcbnjr#

Wnjrj kmawr va{t dc qzaidwt kzw bac kj vj{t {jia~dch) acg dw dr

xm{wn kmmedch tmz{ w{d| dc agvacbj wm w{avji mc mcj mo wnj

kjwwj{ mcjr# Wnj [mbejw) a oavm{dwj) dr a `mgj{c rnd| xdwn a

wjijvdrdmc dc wnj àdc imzchj) a gdcdch naii) acg mwnj{ a`jcd-

wdjr# Iazcbnjr bac kj omhkmzcg gz{dch wnj xdcwj{#

Ad{|iacj w{avji dr {jiawdvjit bnja|# A ;


35/97


dr kt oa{ wnj raojrw `jwnmg mo w{avji dc Kachiagjrn) wnmzhn wnj

bmcbj|w mo xaiedch om{ |ijarz{j dr cmw xdgjit zcgj{rwmmg

.|{mkakit kjbazrj dw dr wmm nmw acg `zhht `mrw mo wnj tja{$#Xnjc xaiedch) mcj rnmzig cjvj{ arrz`j wnaw w{aoodb xdii bm`j

o{m` mcit mcj gd{jbwdmc) jvjc mc mcj rdgj mo a gdvdgjg {magxat#

Rmbdai Abwdvdwdjr

Dc Kachiagjrn) `mrw rmbdai abwdvdwdjr bjcwj{ mc wnj nm`j m{

bziwz{ai jvjcwr rzbn ar wnjawj{) `zrdb) acg gacbj# KjbazrjKachia kjba`j wnj cawdmcr moodbdai iachzahj aowj{ dcgj|jcg-

jcbj) Jchidrn nar kjjc gj-j`|nardjg dc jgzbawdmc om{ wnj

|arw 2< tja{r acg àct jgzbawjg Kachiagjrndr r|jae id`dwjg

Jchidrn# Wnj cz`kj{ acg qzaidwt mo o{djcgrnd|r tmz gjvjim|)

wnj{jom{j) xdii gj|jcg mc tmz{ mxc joom{wr wm gjvjim| iac-

hzahj rediir wnaw nji| tmz w{avj{rj wnj Kachia-Jchidrn gdvdgj#

Nmxjvj{) wndr gmjr cmw `jac Kachiagjrndr a{j cmw jahj{ wmnmrw Jchidrn-r|jaedch hzjrwr) acg ar tmz hjw wm ecmx wnj |jm-

|ij dc tmz{ wmxc) tmz a{j idejit wm kj dcvdwjg wm wnjd{ nm`jr

mowjc# Do wnj nmr|dwaidwt kjbm`jr a kz{gjc) tmz xdii navj wm

|{abwdbj wnj ra`j rjcrdwdvdwt tmz xmzig |{abwdbj dc wnj Zcdwjg

Rwawjr dc wz{cdch gmxc rmbdai dcvdwawdmcr# \a{wdbd|awdch dc imbai

bziwz{ai abwdvdwdjr dr a hmmg xat wm `jjw |jm|ij acg wm ija{c

`m{j akmzw wnj bmzcw{t# Rzbn jvjcwr waej |iabj `mrwit dc

Gnaea) kzw wnj{j a{j airm mbbardmcai bmcbj{wr kt wmz{dch |{m-

ojrrdmcair acg aàwjz{ `zrdbdacr acg va{dmzr h{mz|r |j{om{`-

dch w{agdwdmcai g{aà dc rm`j mo wnj gdrw{dbw bjcwj{r#

Rmbdai idoj dr {jiawdvjit qzdjw dc ràiij{ wmxcr acg vdiiahjr) acg

xjggdchr acg {jidhdmzr m{ cawdmcai nmidgatr a{j bm``mc mbba-

rdmcr om{ bjijk{awdmc# Ar a _mizcwjj{) tmz àt kj dcvdwjg wm a

xjggdch mo |jm|ij tmz ka{jit ecmx# Hmdch mzw wm jaw dr cmwbm``mc) kzw `mrw `dgrdj wmxcr navj aw ijarw mcj Bndcjrj-

rwtij {jrwaz{acw# @act wmxcr airm navj bdcjàr wnaw rnmx


36/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R27

odi`r dc Kachia acg Ndcgd# Ia{hj{ wmxcr navj `m{j va{djwt dc

bdcjàr acg {jrwaz{acwr) acg Gnaea kmarwr àct ndhn-qzaidwt

{jrwaz{acwr wnaw rj{vj Dcgdac) Bndcjrj) Wnad) acg Dwaidac ommg#

Kag`dcwmc) b{dbejw) rmbbj{) acg vmiijtkaii a{j |m|zia{ r|m{wr

dc Kachiagjrn) acg àct _mizcwjj{r |mrwjg dc {z{ai a{jar |a{-

wdbd|awj# Wnj{j a{j airm wjccdr acg rqzarn bmz{wr dc Gnaea acg

a ojx mwnj{ |iabjr# Cmwj wnaw kjbazrj Kjchaid xm`jc w{agd-

wdmcaiit gm cmw |a{wdbd|awj dc r|m{wr) dw dr `zbn `m{j gdoodbziw

om{ xm`jc wnac om{ `jc wm jchahj dc r|m{wr m{ mwnj{ edcgr mo

|ntrdbai abwdvdwt mzwrdgj mo wnj j~|aw{dawj bizkr dc Gnaea# Wndr

àt |{mvj o{zrw{awdch wm rm`j ojàij _mizcwjj{r#

\{mojrrdmcaidr`) G{jrr) acg Kjnavdm{

Dc w{tdch wm odw dcwm wnj imbai bziwz{j) tmz xdii dcjvdwakit {jwadc

tmz{ mxc bziwz{ai dgjcwdwt) kzw wnj{j a{j kjnavdm{r tmz bac

agm|w wnaw xdii aiimx tmz wm arrd`diawj `m{j jardit acg ojji

`m{j bmòm{wakij dc rmbdai acg |{mojrrdmcai rdwzawdmcr# A |{m-

ojrrdmcai gj`jacm{ dr vj{t d`|m{wacw# Wnmzhn tmz xdii kj dc

Kachiagjrn ar a _mizcwjj{ xdwn wnj \jabj Bm{|r) tmz xdii kj

xm{edch ar a {j|{jrjcwawdvj mo a Kachiagjrnd ahjcbt m{ m{hacd-

awdmc acg xdii kj j~|jbwjg wm g{jrr acg kjnavj abbm{gdchit#

Dca||{m|{dawj g{jrr àt kj bmcrw{zjg ar a rdhc mo gdr{jr|jbw

om{ mcjr bmiijahzjr acg bac {joijbw kagit cmw mcit mc tmz kzw

mc wnj \jabj Bm{|r ar ac arrdrwacbj m{hacdawdmc# Nmxjvj{)

xj bac mcit |{mvdgj tmz xdwn hzdgjidcjr5 xnjc tmz a{{dvj dc

Kachiagjrn) tmz xdii àej tmz{ mxc mkrj{vawdmcr wnaw xdii

hdvj wnjrj hzdgjidcjr `jacdch#

G{jrrdch `mgjrwit dr jrrjcwdai om{ ojàij _mizcwjj{r dc

Kachiagjrn# @act Xjrwj{c xm`jc xnm idvj mzwrdgj mo Gnaeabnmmrj wm xja{ imbai oarndmcr) kzw do tmz xja{ Xjrwj{c

bimwnjr) wnjt rnmzig kj immrj odwwdch) bmvj{ tmz{ z||j{ a{`r)

acg bmvj{ tmz{ ijhr gmxc wm wnj aceijr# Rid|r `zrw kj xm{c


37/97

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N 2:

xdwn rjj-wn{mzhn oak{dbr) acg wdhnw W-rnd{wr) rijjvjijrr wm|r) m{

imx-bzw ha{`jcwr xdii aww{abw zcxjibm`j awwjcwdmc# Rnm{wr a{j

dca||{m|{dawj j~bj|w xnjc tmz a{j aimcj dc tmz{ nm`j m{ awac j~|aw{dawj oabdidwt dc Gnaea# W{agdwdmcai g{jrr om{

Kachiagjrnd xm`jc bmcrdrwr mo jdwnj{ arnaixa{ ea`jj .om{

tmzchj{) zcà{{djg xm`jc$ m{ a ra{d .om{ à{{djg xm`jc$)

kzw wnjrj gdrwdcbwdmcr gm cmw a||it rm {dhdgit wm Xjrwj{c

xm`jc# A rnaixa{ ea`jj bmcrdrwr mo imch) kahht |acwr xm{c

xdwn a immrj-odwwdch wzcdb acg a imch rba{o .m{ca$ g{a|jg

a{mzcg wnj o{mcw wm bmvj{ mcjr bnjrw# A xdgj va{djwt mo rnai-

xa{ ea`jj mzwodwr a{j avadiakij om{ : m{ '4 acg rnd{wr bmrw

akmzw '7 m{ ':#$ Rnm{wr a{j cmw a||{m|{dawj om{ àij

_mizcwjj{r j~bj|w xnjc |a{wdbd|awdch dc r|m{wr# @mrw

Kachiagjrnd `jc xnm gm àczai iakm{ xja{ a izchd) a wndc)

aceij-ijchwn red{w wnaw dr x{a||jg a{mzcg wnj xadrw acg backj |ziijg z| wm {jrj`kij rnm{wr# Rm`j àij _mizcwjj{r xja{

izchdr a{mzcg wnj nmzrj) kzw wnjt a{j cmw a||{m|{dawj aw xm{e

m{ xnjc mzw dc |zkidb# Racgair a{j wnj `mrw bm``mc ommwxja{


38/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R2?

om{ kmwn `jc acg xm`jc) acg xm`jc mowjc xja{ ja{{dchr)

cmrj rwzgr) acg kachijr#

A _mizcwjj{ dr mowjc wnj mcit A`j{dbac dc a Kachiagjrnd bm`-

`zcdwt# Njcbj) dc aggdwdmc wm wnj {jr|mcrdkdidwt om{ wnjd{ bmc-

gzbw ar dcgdvdgzair) _mizcwjj{r) xnm` nmrw bmzcw{t bdwdjcr

dcjvdwakit rjj ar j~a`|ijr mo A`j{dbac bziwz{j acg bzrwm`r)

navj a {jr|mcrdkdidwt wm bmcgzbw wnj`rjivjr dc a `accj{

{joijbwdch b{jgdw mc wnj \jabj Bm{|r acg wnjd{ bmzcw{t# Aw wnj

ra`j wd`j) _mizcwjj{r a{j j~|jbwjg wm rnmx {jr|jbw om{

Kachiagjrnr bziwz{j acg bzrwm`r#

\j{rmcai Raojwt

@m{j gjwadijg dcom{`awdmc akmzw wnj \jabj Bm{|r a||{mabn wm

raojwt dr bmcwadcjg dc wnj Njaiwn Ba{j acg Raojwt bna|wj{) kzw

dw dr ac d`|m{wacw drrzj acg baccmw kj mvj{j`|nardjg# Ar

rwawjg dc wnj _mizcwjj{ Nacgkmme) kjbm`dch a \jabj Bm{|r

_mizcwjj{ jcwadir bj{wadc raojwt {drer# Idvdch acg w{avjidch dc

ac zcoa`dida{ jcvd{mc`jcw .mowjcwd`jr aimcj$) navdch a id`dw-

jg zcgj{rwacgdch mo imbai iachzahj acg bziwz{j) acg kjdch

|j{bjdvjg ar xjii-moo a{j rm`j mo wnj oabwm{r wnaw bac |zw a

_mizcwjj{ aw {dre# @mrw _mizcwjj{r j~|j{djcbj va{tdch gjh{jjr

mo zcxacwjg awwjcwdmc acg na{arr`jcw# \jwwt wnjowr acg kz{-

hia{djr a{j cmw zcbm``mc) acg dcbdgjcwr mo |ntrdbai acg rj~z-

ai arraziw gm mbbz{) aiwnmzhn `mrw Kachiagjrn _mizcwjj{r

bm`|ijwj wnjd{ wxm tja{r mo rj{vdbj xdwnmzw |j{rmcai rjbz{dwt

dcbdgjcwr# Wnj \jabj Bm{|r nar jrwakidrnjg |{mbjgz{jr acg

|midbdjr gjrdhcjg wm nji| tmz {jgzbj tmz{ {drer acg jcnacbj

tmz{ raojwt acg rjbz{dwt# Wnjrj |{mbjgz{jr acg |midbdjr) dc

aggdwdmc wm raojwt w{adcdch) xdii kj |{mvdgjg mcbj tmz a{{dvj dc

Kachiagjrn# Aw wnj ra`j wd`j) tmz a{j j~|jbwjg wm waej{jr|mcrdkdidwt om{ tmz{ raojwt acg xjii-kjdch#


39/97


[jxa{gr acg O{zrw{awdmcr

Omiimxdch a{j rm`j _mizcwjj{r bm``jcwr mc wndr rzkfjbw6

Xnjc D {jbjdvjg mz{ h{mz|r xjibm`j kmme) wnj od{rw wndch D

gdg xar oid| wn{mzhn acg {jag jvj{twndch wnaw wnj

_mizcwjj{r wnj`rjivjr nag x{dwwjc# Dwr hmmg wm ecmx xnaw

wnj `mcrmmcr xdii kj idej m{ xnaw wnj {jidhdmzr àejz| mo

wnj bmzcw{t dr) kzw xnaw dr {jaiit d`|m{wacw dr xnaw wnj |jm-

|ij xnm navj hmcj wn{mzhn wnj j~|j{djcbj àej mo dw# D nag

mcj kz{cdch qzjrwdmc6 A{j wnjt na||t xdwn wnjd{ gjbdrdmc= D

acrxj{ wndr qzjrwdmc Tjr# Cmx) kjdch na||t xdwn mcjr

gjbdrdmc drcw ac aii-wnj-wd`j) fz`|-z|-acg-gmxc-xdwn-hijj

{jabwdmc# @t |j{rmcai j~|j{djcbj nar kjjc mcj mo dcwjcrj

ojjidchr) {zccdch wnj jcwd{j r|jbw{z` o{m` jiawdmc wm gjfjb-

wdmc# Dc wndr bmzcw{t) tmz xdii odcg wnj |mm{jrw mo wnj |mm{

acg wnj {dbnjrw mo wnj {dbn5 wnj `mrw nmr|dwakij |jm|ij acg

wnj {zgjrw |jm|ij5 akzcgacbj acg xacw5 nm{{dkij |miizwdmc

acg rw{dedch kjazwt5 rj{jcdwt acg bnamr5 cmdrj wnaw xdii

|dj{bj tmz{ ja{g{z`r acg rdijcbj wnaw xdii |dj{bj tmz{

nja{w# Kachiagjrn dr) dc wndr rjcrj) a `db{mbmr` mo mz{

xm{igaii wnaw dr xmcgj{ozi acg aii wnaw dr axozi a{j |abejg

dcwm wndr bmzcw{t#

\jabj Bm{|r _mizcwjj{

Dc Kachiagjrn tmz xdii r`jii wnj rxjjw rbjcw mobna`|a

oimxj{r) acg wnj mvj{xnji`dch r`jii mo ha{kahj# Tmz xdii

nja{ wnj bmcrwacw cmdrj mo {dbernax kjiir) naxej{r) acg

ntg{azidb nm{cr) acg tmz xdii nja{ cmwndch kzw tmz{ mxc

k{jawn# Tmz xdii rjj wnj `mrw aàdch mo rzcrjwr) acg wnj

`mrw gdrwz{kdch rdhnwr tmzvj jvj{ rjjc# Tmz xdii warwj wnjrxjjwjrw ommg) acg wnj `mrw r|dbt# Tmz xdii odcg wnj `mrw

|jabjozi mo |iabjr acg wnj kzrdjrw#



40/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R2>

Rm`j Kachiagjrndr {jozrj wm kjidjvj wnaw cmw jvj{tmcj dc

wnj Zcdwjg Rwawjr dr {dbn acg xndwj) gjr|dwj xnaw wnjt rjj

acg {jag akmzw mz{ bmzcw{t# Xndij dwr w{zj wnaw wnj |mvj{wtdc Kachiagjrn dr `zbn `m{j rjvj{j wnac wnj |mvj{wt dc

A`j{dba) D wndce dwr d`|m{wacw om{ wnj` wm zcgj{rwacg wnaw

mz{ bmzcw{t nar |{mkij`r# Dw `dhnw kj hmmg wm a{` tmz{rjio

xdwn rm`j oabwr acg odhz{jr akmzw gdvj{rdwt acg |mvj{wt#


O{m` wnj `m`jcw tmz rwj| mzw mo wnj ad{|m{w wj{`dcai) tmz

rnmzig j~|jbw wm kj `mkkjg kt tmzch Kachiagjrndr rwa{dch

aw tmz acg odhnwdch wm nji| tmz xdwn tmz{ kahr dc {jwz{c om{

rm`j kaernjjrn# J~|jbw wm kj rwa{jg aw xdwn zcoidcbndch)

bimrj-z| rwa{jr# Xnjc tmz rwm| actxnj{j dc |zkidb) rzbn ar

aw a kzr rwacg) a b{mxg xdii jcbd{bij tmz acg rwa{j# Tmz a{j

gdooj{jcw o{m` wnj` acg wnjt a{j bz{dmzr# \izr) wnj bmcbj|w

mo |j{rmcai r|abj dr zcecmxc nj{j) acg tmz àt ojji biazr-w{m|nmkdb dc |zkidb |iabjr#


D wnmzhnw D xmzig cjvj{ ecmx xnaw dw xar idej wm kj a {mbe

rwa{) kzw idvdch dc Kachiagjrn gjodcdwjit hdvjr tmz bjijk{dwt

rwawzr# Dvj bazrjg àct abbdgjcwr dc `t gatr nj{j6 \jm|ij

w{d||dch acg {zccdch dcwm wndchr a{j a bm``mc mbbz{{jcbj#Wnj kjrw xar xnjc a {dbernaxxaiia .|ziij{$ abwzaiit

`drrjg ndr |jgai acg ojii moo ndr kdej xndij wz{cdch wm imme aw

`j# Zcom{wzcawjit om{ nd`) wnj nzàc njag baccmw wz{c 1>


51/97


wt|nmdg ojvj{# Tmz{ `jgdbai moodbj{ xdii gdrbzrr r|jbdodb rwac-

ga{gr om{ xawj{ acg ommg |{j|a{awdmc dc Kachiagjrn gz{dch

|{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch#

Akrwdcjcbj dr wnj mcit bj{wadc bnmdbj om{ |{jvjcwdch dcojbwdmc

xdwn ND_ acg mwnj{ rj~zaiit w{acr`dwwjg gdrjarjr# Tmz a{j wae-

dch {drer do tmz bnmmrj wm kj rj~zaiit abwdvj# Wm ijrrjc {dre)

zrj a bmcgm` jvj{t wd`j tmz navj rj~# Xnjwnj{ tmz{ |a{wcj{

dr a nmrw bmzcw{t bdwdjc) a ojiimx _mizcwjj{) m{ actmcj jirj) gm

cmw arrz`j wndr |j{rmc dr o{jj mo ND_ m{ mwnj{ RWGr# Tmz xdii

{jbjdvj `m{j dcom{àwdmc o{m` wnj `jgdbai moodbj{ akmzw wndr

d`|m{wacw drrzj#

_mizcwjj{r a{j j~|jbwjg wm agnj{j wm ac joojbwdvj `jacr mo

kd{wn bmcw{mi wm |{jvjcw ac zc|iaccjg |{jhcacbt# Tmz{ `jg-

dbai moodbj{ bac nji| tmz gjbdgj mc wnj `mrw a||{m|{dawj

`jwnmg wm rzdw tmz{ dcgdvdgzai cjjgr# Bmcw{abj|wdvj `jwnmgr

a{j avadiakij xdwnmzw bna{hj o{m` wnj `jgdbai moodbj{#

Dw dr b{dwdbai wm tmz{ njaiwn wnaw tmz |{m`|wit {j|m{w wm wnj

`jgdbai moodbj m{ mwnj{ gjrdhcawjg oabdidwt om{ rbnjgzijg

d``zcdawdmcr) acg wnaw tmz ijw wnj `jgdbai moodbj{ ecmx

d``jgdawjit mo rdhcdodbacw diicjrrjr acg dcfz{djr#

Xm`jcr Njaiwn Dcom{àwdmc

\{jhcacbt dr w{jawjg dc wnj ra`j àccj{ ar mwnj{ _mizcwjj{

njaiwn bmcgdwdmcr wnaw {jqzd{j `jgdbai awwjcwdmc kzw airm navj

|{mh{a`àwdb {a`dodbawdmcr# Wnj \jabj Bm{|r dr {jr|mcrdkij

om{ gjwj{`dcdch wnj `jgdbai {dre acg wnj avadiakdidwt mo a||{m-

|{dawj `jgdbai ba{j do wnj _mizcwjj{ {jàdcr dc-bmzcw{t# Hdvjc

wnj bd{bz`rwacbjr zcgj{ xndbn _mizcwjj{r idvj acg xm{e dc

Kachiagjrn acg wnj oabw wnaw a |{jhcacw rdchij xmàc xmzig

idejit odcg dw gdoodbziw wm rzrwadc nj{ |mrdwdmc dc wnj bm``zcdwt)

dw dr {a{j wnaw wnj \jabj Bm{|r `jgdbai acg |{mh{a`àwdb

rwacga{gr om{ bmcwdczjg rj{vdbj gz{dch |{jhcacbt bac kj `jw#

74


52/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R

Do oj`dcdcj nthdjcj |{mgzbwr a{j cmw avadiakij om{ tmz wm |z{-

bnarj mc wnj imbai `a{ejw) wnj \jabj Bm{|r `jgdbai moodbj{ dc

Kachiagjrn xdii |{mvdgj wnj`# Do tmz {jqzd{j a r|jbdodb oj`dcdcjnthdjcj |{mgzbw) |ijarj k{dch a rd~-`mcwn rz||it xdwn tmz#

Tmz{ \jabj Bm{|r @jgdbai Edw

Wnj \jabj Bm{|r `jgdbai moodbj{ |{mvdgjr _mizcwjj{r xdwn a

edw wnaw bmcwadcr kardb dwj`r cjbjrra{t wm |{jvjcw acg w{jaw

diicjrrjr wnaw `at mbbz{ gz{dch rj{vdbj# Edw dwj`r bac kj |j{d-mgdbaiit {jrwmbejg aw wnj `jgdbai moodbj#

@jgdbai Edw Bmcwjcwr

Abj kacgahjr

Agnjrdvj wa|j

A`j{dbac [jg B{mrr Od{rw Adg / Raojwt Nacgkmme

Acwabdg wakijwr .Wz`r$

Acwdkdmwdb mdcw`jcw .Kabdw{abdcCjm`tbdc\mit`tbdc K$

Acwdrj|wdb acwd`db{mkdai redc bijacj{ .Ndkdbijcr$

Kacg-Adgr

Kzwwj{oit bimrz{jr

Baia`dcj imwdmc

Bj|abmi imjchjr

Bmcgm`r

Gjcwai oimrr

Gd|njcntg{a`dcj NBI ;: `h .Kjcag{ti$

Dcrjbw {j|jiijcw rwdbe .Bzwwj{r$

Dmgdcj wakijwr .om{ xawj{ |z{dodbawdmc$

Id| kai` .Bna|rwdbe$

M{ai {jntg{awdmc raiwr

M{ai wnj{`m`jwj{ .Oan{jcnjdw$

\rjzgmj|njg{dcj NBI 2< `h .Rzgaojg$[mkdwzrrdc-G@ imjchjr .om{ bmzhn$

Rbdrrm{r

Rwj{dij hazj |agr

Wjw{antg{maidcj jtjg{m|r ._drdcj$

:


53/97

Wdcabwdc .acwdozchai b{ja`$

Wxjjj{r

Kjom{j Tmz Ijavj6 A @jgdbai Bnjbeidrw

Do wnj{j nar kjjc act bnachj dc tmz{ njaiwn|ntrdbai) `jcwai)

m{ gjcwairdcbj tmz rzk`dwwjg tmz{ j~a`dcawdmc {j|m{wr wm

wnj \jabj Bm{|r) tmz `zrw d``jgdawjit cmwdot wnj Moodbj mo

@jgdbai Rj{vdbjr# Oadiz{j wm gdrbimrj cjx diicjrrjr) dcfz{djr)

aiij{hdjr) m{ |{jhcacbt bac jcgachj{ tmz{ njaiwn acg àtfjm|a{gdj tmz{ jidhdkdidwt wm rj{vj#

Do tmz{ gjcwai j~a` xar gmcj `m{j wnac a tja{ ahm) m{ do tmz{

|ntrdbai j~a` dr `m{j wnac wxm tja{r mig) bmcwabw wnj Moodbj

mo @jgdbai Rj{vdbjr wm odcg mzw xnjwnj{ tmz cjjg wm z|gawj

tmz{ {jbm{gr# Do tmz{ gjcwdrw m{ \jabj Bm{|r gjcwai bmcrziwacw

nar {jbm``jcgjg wnaw tmz zcgj{hm gjcwai w{jaw`jcw m{

{j|ad{) tmz `zrw bm`|ijwj wnaw xm{e acg àej rz{j tmz{ gjc-

wdrw rjcgr {jqzjrwjg bmcod{àwdmc {j|m{wr m{ ^-{atr wm wnj

Moodbj mo @jgdbai Rj{vdbjr#

Do tmz xdrn wm avmdg navdch gz|idbawj vabbdcawdmcr) bmcwabw

tmz{ |ntrdbdacr moodbj) mkwadc a bm|t mo tmz{ d``zcdawdmc

{jbm{g) acg k{dch dw wm tmz{ |{j-gj|a{wz{j m{djcwawdmc# Do tmz

navj act d``zcdawdmcr |{dm{ wm \jabj Bm{|r rj{vdbj) wnj\jabj Bm{|r baccmw {jd`kz{rj tmz om{ wnj bmrw# Wnj \jabj

Bm{|r xdii |{mvdgj aii wnj d``zcdawdmcr cjbjrra{t om{ tmz{

mvj{rjar arrdhc`jcw) jdwnj{ aw tmz{ |{j-gj|a{wz{j m{djcwawdmc

m{ rnm{wit aowj{ tmz a{{dvj dc Kachiagjrn# Tmz gm cmw cjjg wm

kjhdc waedch àia{da `jgdbawdmc |{dm{ wm gj|a{wz{j#

K{dch a rd~-`mcwn rz||it mo act |{jrb{d|wdmc m{ mvj{-wnj-

bmzcwj{ `jgdbawdmc tmz zrj mc a {jhzia{ kardr) dcbizgdch kd{wn

bmcw{mi |diir# Aiwnmzhn wnj \jabj Bm{|r baccmw {jd`kz{rj tmz

om{ wndr rd~-`mcwn rz||it) dw xdii m{gj{ {jodiir gz{dch tmz{ rj{v-

dbj# Xndij axadwdch rnd|`jcwxndbn bac waej rjvj{ai

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N :1


54/97

`mcwnrtmz xdii kj gj|jcgjcw mc tmz{ mxc `jgdbawdmc rz|-

|it# Wnj \jabj Bm{|r xdii cmw |at om{ nj{kai m{ cmc|{jrb{dkjg

`jgdbawdmcr) rzbn ar Rw# Fmncr xm{w) hizbmra`dcj) rjijcdz`)m{ acwdm~dgacw rz||ij`jcwr#

Tmz a{j jcbmz{ahjg wm k{dch bm|djr mo `jgdbai |{jrb{d|wdmcr

rdhcjg kt tmz{ |ntrdbdac# Wndr dr cmw a {jqzd{j`jcw) kzw wnjt

`dhnw bm`j dc nacgt do tmz a{j qzjrwdmcjg dc w{acrdw akmzw

ba{{tdch a rd~-`mcwn rz||it mo |{jrb{d|wdmc g{zhr#

Do tmz xja{ jtjhiarrjr) k{dch wxm |ad{r xdwn tmza |ad{ acg ar|a{j# Do a |ad{ k{jaer) wnj \jabj Bm{|r xdii {j|iabj dw) zrdch

wnj dcom{àwdmc tmz{ gmbwm{ dc wnj Zcdwjg Rwawjr |{mvdgjg mc

wnj jtjhiarrjr om{` gz{dch tmz{ j~a`dcawdmc# Wnj \jabj

Bm{|r gdrbmz{ahjr tmz o{m` zrdch bmcwabw ijcrjr gz{dch tmz{

rj{vdbj wm {jgzbj tmz{ {dre mo gjvjim|dch a rj{dmzr dcojbwdmc m{

mwnj{ jtj gdrjarj# @mrw \jabj Bm{|r bmzcw{djr gm cmw navj

a||{m|{dawj xawj{ acg racdwawdmc wm rz||m{w jtj ba{j xdwn wnjzrj mo bmcwabw ijcrjr# Wnj \jabj Bm{|r xdii cmw rz||it m{

{j|iabj bmcwabw ijcrjr m{ arrmbdawjg rmizwdmcr zcijrr ac m|n-

wnai`mimhdrw nar {jbm``jcgjg wnjd{ zrj om{ a r|jbdodb `jgdbai

bmcgdwdmc acg wnj \jabj Bm{|r Moodbj mo @jgdbai Rj{vdbjr nar

hdvjc a||{mvai#

Do tmz a{j jidhdkij om{ @jgdba{j) a{j mvj{ :< tja{r mo ahj) m{

navj a njaiwn bmcgdwdmc wnaw àt {jrw{dbw tmz{ ozwz{j |a{wdbd-

|awdmc dc njaiwn ba{j |iacr) tmz àt xdrn wm bmcrziw ac dcrz{-

acbj r|jbdaidrw akmzw zcdqzj bmvj{ahj cjjgr kjom{j tmz{

gj|a{wz{j# Wnj \jabj Bm{|r xdii |{mvdgj aii cjbjrra{t njaiwn

ba{j o{m` wnj wd`j tmz ijavj om{ tmz{ |{j-gj|a{wz{j m{djcwa-

wdmc zcwdi tmz bm`|ijwj tmz{ rj{vdbj# Xnjc tmz odcdrn) tmz xdii

kj jcwdwijg wm wnj |mrw-rj{vdbj njaiwn ba{j kjcjodwr gjrb{dkjg

dc wnj \jabj Bm{|r _mizcwjj{ Nacgkmme# Tmz àt xdrn wm

bmcrdgj{ ejj|dch ac j~drwdch njaiwn |iac dc joojbw gz{dch tmz{

rj{vdbj do tmz wndce ahj m{ |{jj~drwdch bmcgdwdmcr `dhnw |{j-

vjcw tmz o{m` {jjc{miidch dc tmz{ bz{{jcw |iac xnjc tmz

{jwz{c nm`j#

\ J A B J B M [ \ R:;


55/97


Raojwt acg Rjbz{dwtMz{ \a{wcj{rnd|

Rj{vdch ar a _mizcwjj{ mvj{rjar jcwadir bj{wadc raojwt acg

rjbz{dwt {drer# Idvdch acg w{avjidch dc ac zcoa`dida{ jcvd{mc-

`jcw) a id`dwjg zcgj{rwacgdch mo wnj imbai iachzahj acg bzi-

wz{j) acg wnj |j{bj|wdmc mo kjdch a xjaiwnt A`j{dbac a{j

rm`j mo wnj oabwm{r wnaw bac |zw a _mizcwjj{ aw {dre# \jwwt

wnjowr acg kz{hia{djr a{j cmw zcbm``mc# Dcbdgjcwr mo |ntrd-

bai acg rj~zai arraziw gm mbbz{) aiwnmzhn ai`mrw aii

_mizcwjj{r bm`|ijwj wnjd{ wxm tja{r mo rj{vdbj xdwnmzw rj{d-

mzr |j{rmcai raojwt |{mkij`r# Dc aggdwdmc) `m{j wnac >2 |j{-

bjcw mo _mizcwjj{r rz{vjtjg rat wnjt xmzig fmdc wnj \jabj

Bm{|r ahadc#

Wnj \jabj Bm{|r a||{mabnjr raojwt acg rjbz{dwt ar a |a{wcj{-

rnd| xdwn tmz# Wndr Xjibm`j Kmme bmcwadcr rjbwdmcr mc6

Idvdch Bmcgdwdmcr acg _mizcwjj{ Idojrwtij5 \jabj Bm{|r

W{adcdch5 acg Tmz{ Njaiwn Ba{j acg Raojwt# Aii mo wnjrj rjb-wdmcr dcbizgj d`|m{wacw raojwt dcom{àwdmc#

Wnj \jabj Bm{|r àejr jvj{t joom{w wm hdvj _mizcwjj{r wnj wmmir

wnjt cjjg wm ozcbwdmc dc wnj raojrw acg `mrw rjbz{j xat |mrrdkij)

kjbazrj xm{edch wm à~d`dj wnj raojwt acg rjbz{dwt mo

_mizcwjj{r dr mz{ ndhnjrw |{dm{dwt# Cmw mcit gm xj |{mvdgj tmz

xdwn w{adcdch acg wmmir wm |{j|a{j om{ wnj zcj~|jbwjg) kzw xj

wjabn tmz wm dgjcwdot acg àcahj wnj {drer tmz àt jcbmzcwj{#

Oabwm{r wnaw Bmcw{dkzwj wm _mizcwjj{ [dre

Wnj{j a{j rjvj{ai oabwm{r wnaw bac njdhnwjc a _mizcwjj{r

{dre) àct mo xndbn a{j dc wnj _mizcwjj{r bmcw{mi# Karjg

mc dcom{àwdmc hawnj{jg o{m` dcbdgjcw {j|m{wr xm{igxdgj dc

;


56/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R

Imbawdmc6 @mrw b{d`jr mbbz{{jg xnjc _mizcwjj{r xj{j dc

|zkidb a{jar .j#h#) rw{jjw) |a{e) kjabn) |zkidb kzdigdchr$#

R|jbdodbaiit) 78 |j{bjcw mo arraziwr wmme |iabj xnjc_mizcwjj{r xj{j axat o{m` wnjd{ rdwjr#

Wd j mo gat6 Arraziwr zrzaiit wmme |iabj mc wnj xjjejcg

gz{dch wnj iawj jvjcdch kjwxjjc 1


57/97


Rw{awjhdjr wm {jgzbj wnj {dred`|abw mo arraziw6

@aej imbai o{djcgr

@aej rz{j tmz{ a||ja{acbj dr {jr|jbwozi mo imbai bzrwm`r5gmcw g{ax cjhawdvj awwjcwdmc wm tmz{rjio kt xja{dch

dca||{m|{dawj bimwndch

Hjw wm ecmx imbai moodbdair) |midbj) acg cjdhnkm{r

W{avji xdwn rm`jmcj xnjcjvj{ |mrrdkij

Avmdg ecmxc ndhn b{d j a{jar

Id`dw aibmnmi bmcrz`|wdmc

Rz||m{w o{m` Rwaoo

Dc @a{bn ;


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59/97


`at dcvmivj mcj m{ `m{j _mizcwjj{w{adcjj vdbwd`r# Om{ j~a`-

|ij) do wxm _mizcwjj{r a{j {mkkjg aw wnj ra`j wd`j acg |iabj)

wndr dr biarrdodjg ar mcj {mkkj{t dcbdgjcw#

1Wnj avj{ahj cz`kj{ mo dcbdgjcwr dr dc |a{jcwnjrjr akmvj wnj ka{ acg jqzair

wnj avj{ahj cz`kj{ mo {j|m{wjg dcbdgjcwr om{ jabn tja{ o{m` 1444;


60/97

\ J A B J B M [ \ R:>

Xnjc acwdbd|awdch \jabj Bm{|r _mizcwjj{ rj{vdbj) tmz rnmzig

{jvdjx aii mo wnj raojwt acg rjbz{dwt dcom{àwdmc |{mvdgjg wm

tmz) dcbizgdch wnj rw{awjhdjr wm {jgzbj {dre# Wn{mzhnmzw tmz{w{adcdch acg _mizcwjj{ rj{vdbj) tmz xdii kj j~|jbwjg wm rzb-

bjrroziit bm`|ijwj aii w{adcdch bm`|jwjcbdjr dc a va{djwt mo

a{jar dcbizgdch raojwt acg rjbz{dwt# Mcbj dc-bmzcw{t) zrj wnj

wmmir acg dcom{àwdmc rna{jg xdwn tmz wm {jàdc ar raoj acg

rjbz{j ar |mrrdkij#

Rjbz{dwt Drrzjr dc Kachiagjrn

Xnjc dw bm`jr wm tmz{ raojwt acg rjbz{dwt dc wnj \jabj Bm{|r)

tmz navj wm kj xdiidch wm aga|w tmz{ kjnavdm{ acg idojrwtij wm

`dcd`dj wnj |mwjcwdai om{ kjdch a wa{hjw mo b{d`j# Ar dr wnj

barj actxnj{j dc wnj xm{ig) b{d`j j~drwr dc Kachiagjrn# Tmz

bac {jgzbj tmz{ {dre kt avmdgdch rdwzawdmcr wnaw àej tmz ojji

zcbmòm{wakij acg kt waedch |{jbazwdmcr# B{d`j aw wnj vdiiahjm{ wmxc ijvji dr ijrr o{jqzjcw wnac dc wnj ia{hj bdwdjr5 |jm|ij

ecmx jabn mwnj{ acg hjcj{aiit xdii cmw rwjai o{m` wnjd{ cjdhn-

km{r# Wmz{drw aww{abwdmcr dc ia{hj wmxcr) om{ dcrwacbj) a{j

oavm{dwj xm{e rdwjr om{ |dbe|mbejwr#

Omiimxdch a{j rm`j ar|jbwr mo Kachiagjrnd bziwz{j wnaw tmz

rnmzig kj axa{j mo kjbazrj wnjt bmzig aoojbw tmz{ raojwt acg

rjbz{dwt6

Kachiagjrn nar a vj{t bmcrj{vawdvj bziwz{j) acg wm idvj acg

xm{e rzbbjrroziit dc wnj bmzcw{t tmz xdii bmcrwacwit navj wm

bmcrdgj{ tmz{ kjnavdm{) a||ja{acbj) acg idojrwtij xdwndc a

Kachiagjrnd bmcwj~w# Do tmz rnmx {jr|jbw om{ wnj bziwz{j) tmz{

bm-xm{ej{r acg `j`kj{r mo tmz{ bm``zcdwt xdii imme mzw om{

tmz) acg tmz a{j idejit wm ojji raoj{ wnac tmz jvj{ navj kjom{j#Do tmz dhcm{j m{ vdmiawj wnjd{ bziwz{ai j~|jbwawdmcr) wnjt àt

ba{j ijrr akmzw tmz{ xjioa{j) acg tmz bmzig j~|j{djcbj wnj

bmcrjqzjcbjr# Kjbazrj tmz a{j ac agziw) tmz xdii àej tmz{


61/97


mxc bnmdbjr# Kzw do tmz gm cmw njjg wnj j~|jbwawdmcr akmzw

g{jrr acg kjnavdm{) tmz xdii bm`|{m`drj cmw mcit tmz{ mxc

raojwt kzw |mrrdkit wnaw mo mwnj{ _mizcwjj{r# Wnaw kjdch radg)om{jdhcj{r navj a imw mo ijjxat) acg tmz xdii jvjcwzaiit kjbm`j

kjwwj{ jqzd||jg wm gjbdgj xnaw tmz akrmizwjit `zrw bmcom{`

wm acg xnj{j tmz bac waej idkj{wdjr xdwnmzw bm`|{m`drdch

tmz{ {j|zwawdmc acg wnj{jkt tmz{ raojwt#

Kachiagjrn dr |a{wdbzia{it na{g om{ ojàij _mizcwjj{r dc wnaw

dwr àij-gm`dcawjg rmbdjwt ijavjr xm`jc xdwn id`dwjg |j{rmc-

ai {dhnwr# Om{ dcrwacbj) xm`jc acg hd{ir a{j cmw o{jj wm xaie

a{mzcg wnjd{ mxc wmxc xdwnmzw kjdch na{arrjg# Wnj iabe mo

rmbdai dcwj{abwdmc kjwxjjc `jc acg xm`jc `jacr wnaw gawdch

dr cmw |a{w mo wnj bziwz{j) acg |{jà{dwai rj~ dr rm wakmm wnaw dw

dr {a{jit gdrbzrrjg# Wnj o{zrw{awdmcr mo tmzch àijr r|dii mzw

mcwm wnj rw{jjwr) acg |arrdch ojàijr mowjc kjbm`j wnj wa{hjw

mo bawbaiir) wmzbndch) acg rm`jwd`jr vdmijcbj# Wnmzhn wndr drrzj

dr {jhzia{it gdrbzrrjg dc wnj cawdmcai cjxr|a|j{r) a hjcj{aigdr{jha{g om{ wnj vaizj acg dcgdvdgzaidwt mo xm`jc {jàdcr

dcwjh{ai wm wnj rmbdai m{gj{# Ojàij om{jdhcj{r a{j airm vzicj{a-

kij wm na{arr`jcw xnj{jvj{ wnjt hm) acg dw dr cmw zcbm``mc

om{ wnj` wm kj tjiijg aw) wjarjg) acg rm`jwd`jr wmzbnjg xndij

xaiedch aimch wnj rw{jjw) xdwn kmig dcvdwawdmcr wm jchahj dc rj~-

zai abwdvdwt# @aij _mizcwjj{r a{j airm baiijg ca`jr#

Zcà{{djg ojàij _mizcwjj{r navj wm kj ba{jozi wm avmdg hdvdch

jvjc wnj ridhnwjrw rdhc wnaw wnjt a{j o{djcgit# \jm|ij dc

Kachiagjrn hjcj{aiit gm cmw r`dij aw rw{achj{r) rm dw dr dca|-

|{m|{dawj wm r`dij aw a |arrdch rw{achj{ mo wnj m||mrdwj rj~#

Mc wnj fmk) _mizcwjj{r airm navj wm avmdg wnj jarj acg

o{djcgidcjrr xdwn bm-xm{ej{r mo wnj m||mrdwj rj~ wnjt àt kj

zrjg wm aw nm`jwnj dgja mo `jc acg xm`jc kjdch kzggdjrdr cmw zcgj{rwmmg# Wm avmdg zcxacwjg agvacbjr) ojàij

_mizcwjj{r `zrw aw ijarw rwa{w mzw kjdch aii kzrdcjrr# Ar tmz

hjw wm ecmx tmz{ wmxc) tmz{ xm{e|iabj) acg tmz{ bm-xm{ej{r)


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\ J A B J B M [ \ R?


81/97

Xnaw rnmzig D k{dch ar hdowr om{ Kachiagjrnd o{djcgr acg `t

nmrw oa`dit=

Wndr dr cmw a {jqzd{j`jcw# A wmejc mo o{djcgrnd| dr rzoodbdjcw#Rm`j hdow rzhhjrwdmcr dcbizgj ecdbeecaber om{ wnj nmzrj5 |db-

wz{jr) kmmer) m{ baijcga{r mo A`j{dbac rbjcjr5 rmzvjcd{r o{m`

tmz{ a{ja5 na{g bacgdjr wnaw xdii cmw `jiw m{ r|mdi5 m{ |nmwmr

wm hdvj axat#

Xnj{j xdii `t rdwj arrdhc`jcw kj xnjc D odcdrn w{adcdch acg

nmx drmiawjg xdii D kj=

\jabj Bm{|r w{adcjjr a{j cmw arrdhcjg wm dcgdvdgzai rdwjr zcwdiaowj{ wnjt navj bm`|ijwjg |{j-rj{vdbj w{adcdch# Wndr hdvjr

\jabj Bm{|r rwaoo wnj m||m{wzcdwt wm arrjrr jabn w{adcjjr

wjbncdbai acg iachzahj rediir |{dm{ wm arrdhcdch rdwjr) dc aggd-

wdmc wm odcaiddch rdwj rjijbwdmcr xdwn wnjd{ `dcdrw{t bmzcwj{-

|a{wr# Do ojardkij) tmz àt navj wnj m||m{wzcdwt wm |{mvdgj

dc|zw mc tmz{ rdwj |{joj{jcbjr) dcbizgdch hjmh{a|ndbai imba-

wdmc) gdrwacbj o{m` mwnj{ _mizcwjj{r) acg idvdch bmcgdwdmcr#

Nmxjvj{) ejj| dc `dcg wnaw àct oabwm{r dcoizjcbj wnj rdwj

rjijbwdmc |{mbjrr acg wnaw wnj \jabj Bm{|r baccmw hza{acwjj

|iabj`jcw xnj{j tmz xmzig dgjaiit idej wm kj# @mrw _mizcwjj{r

idvj dc ràii wmxcr acg a{j zrzaiit xdwndc mcj nmz{ o{m`

acmwnj{ _mizcwjj{# Rm`j rdwjr {jqzd{j a 1


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83/97

A X J I B M @ J K M M E K A C H I A G J R N >1

C M W J R


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85/97

\ABE D CH I D RW

Wndr idrw nar kjjc bm`|dijg kt _mizcwjj{r

rj{vdch dc Kachiagjrn acg dr karjg mc wnjd{ j~|j{djcbj# Zrj dw

ar ac dcom{ài hzdgj dc àedch tmz{ mxc idrw) kja{dch dc `dcg

wnaw j~|j{djcbj dr dcgdvdgzai# Wnj{j dr cm |j{ojbw idrw! Tmz

mkvdmzrit baccmw k{dch jvj{twndch xj `jcwdmc) rm bmcrdgj{

wnmrj dwj`r wnaw àej wnj `mrw rjcrj wm tmz |j{rmcaiit acg

|{mojrrdmcaiit# Tmz bac aixatr navj wndchr rjcw wm tmz iawj{# Ar

tmz gjbdgj xnaw wm k{dch) ejj| dc `dcg wnaw tmz navj ac >2


86/97

Hjcj{ai Bimwndch

Om{ Xm`jc

Rjvj{ai bmwwmc g{jrrjr xdwn rijjvjr m{ red{wr acg wm|r

Aw ijarw wn{jj |ad{r mo idhnwxjdhnw) kahht |acwr

Rjvj{ai immrj-odwwdch W-rnd{wr

Jcmzhn bmwwmc zcgj{xja{ om{ wxm tja{r .d#j#) aw ijarw

jdhnw k{ar acg 1; |ad{r mo zcgj{|acwr$

Bmwwmc cdhnwhmxcr .bac jardit kj àgj dc Kachiagjrn$

Wxm rxjawj{r m{ rxjawrnd{wr acg wxm |ad{r mo fjacr m{rxjaw|acwr om{ bmigj{ xjawnj{

Mcj idhnwxjdhnw) xawj{|{mmo fabejw m{ |mcbnm

Mcj xa{` fabejw om{ wnj xdcwj{ rjarmc acg w{avji

Bmwwmc rmber

Mcj rxd rzdw .cmw avadiakij imbaiit$

Mcj mzwodw om{ om{ài mbbardmcr xdwn rzdwakij rnmjr

Om{ @jc

Aw ijarw wn{jj |ad{r mo idhnwxjdhnw bmwwmc |acwr

Rjvj{ai idhnwxjdhnw bmwwmc rnd{wr) kmwn imch acg rnm{w

rijjvjg

Mcj |ad{ mo fjacr m{ mwnj{ gz{akij |acwr

Mcj |ad{ mo kahht rnm{wr Rjvj{ai bmwwmc W-rnd{wr

Aw ijarw 1; |ad{r mo zcgj{|acwr .km~j{r a{j bmmij{$

Wxm m{ wn{jj bmwwmc zcgj{rnd{wr) do tmz xja{ wnj`

.avadiakij imbaiit$

Rxd``dch w{zcer

\afaàr .do tmz xja{ wnj`$

Wxm rxjawj{r m{ rxjawrnd{wr om{ bmigj{ xjawnj{

Mcj idhnwxjdhnw) xawj{|{mmo fabejw m{ |mcbnm

Mcj xa{` fabejw om{ wnj xdcwj{ rjarmc acg w{avji

A fabejw acg wdj om{ om{ài mbbardmcr xdwn rzdwakij rnmjr

\ J A B J B M [ \ R>7


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Rnmjr

Oid|-oim|r acg racgair .rid|-mc racgair a{j hmmg om{ jart

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91/97

\ [J -G J \A[WZ[ J BNJ BEI D RW

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mo rwawj wa~jr ar jvdgjcbj mo {jrdgjcbj dc wnaw rwawj#$

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\ J A B J B M [ \ R4


93/97

Odcacbdai @acahj`jcw

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gjkwr wn{mzhn wnj Moodbj mo _mizcwjj{ Odcacbdai

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95/97


BM CWABWD CH \JAB J BM [\ R

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moodbj aw \jabj Bm{|r njagqza{wj{r xdwn va{dmzr qzjrwdmcr# Tmz

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wnj jvjcw mo ac j`j{hjcbt gz{dch tmz{ rj{vdbj mvj{rjar#

\jabj Bm{|r Njagqza{wj{r

Wmii-o{jj Cz`kj{6 >


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Om{ Gd{jbwQzjrwdmcr Wmii-o{jj ImbaiAkmzw6 Rwaoo J~wjcrdmc Cz`kj{

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@jgdbai Bija{acbj Rb{jjcdch Cz{rj J~w# 1:


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peace corps bangladesh welcome book | october 2005

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