sumer and babylon - · why did sumerians build walls around their cities? for protection who...
TRANSCRIPT
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
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October 26, 2014
Oct 2611:13 AM
Sumer and BabylonWarm Up: Take out your Bibles and have them ready. Then, read the "Read Aloud" found on
page 108 of your textbook.
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
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October 26, 2014
Oct 262:47 PM
Today's Objectives:
*Explain how cuneiform developed and how it affected Mesopotamia
*Analyze how Mesopotamia cultural values shaped local life
*Explain how Hammurabi's rise helped Babylon gain power
*Investigate Babylon's connections with the Bible
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October 26, 2014
Oct 262:57 PM
Southern MesopotamiaSumer
*valued independence
*worked hard to control the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
*first wheeled vehicles and sailboats
*simple machines, like pottery wheels
*new ideas in math and science
CuneiformWriting System
*used sharp reeds to scratch records on clay tablets
*looked like pictures at first, then morphed into simplified pictures for faster writing
*500 signs
*represented sounds, as well as ideas and objects
(started around the same time as Menes was unifying Egypt)
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October 26, 2014
Oct 263:12 PM
Checkpoint #1:
How were materials used for cuneiform and hieroglyphics similar and different?
Both used reed pens, but cuneiform was written on wet clay tablets rather than papyrus
Why did cuneiform symbols grow less picturelike as time passed?
Scribes simplified the symbols to write faster
Where was cuneiform writing developed?
In Sumer, southern Mesopotamia
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October 26, 2014
Oct 263:23 PM
Schoolin Sumer
*few people could write (even most kings could not)
*was an honor to go to school and learn to be a scribe
*boys (only rarely girls) spent years practicing cuneiform and studying mathematics to keep accurate records
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October 26, 2014
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Citystates of Sumer(selfgoverning cities that also govern surrounding villages)
*find Sumer
*find citystates of Ur , Uruk , and Eridu on the map
*Sumerians built walls around their cities (protection)
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October 26, 2014
Oct 263:35 PM
"Gilgamesh"A Mythical Hero
*part god and part man*strong as an ox*best fighter*built the city of Uruk
What are some mythical heros in our society today?
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October 26, 2014
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Kings in Sumer*palace could be seen from almost everywhere in city
*kings served as generals, judges, and canal overseers
*NOT considered gods, like Egyptian pharaohs
Religion in Sumer* ziggurats (temples) in center of cities
* polytheism (belief in many gods)
*each citystate had a special god or goddess; that god or goddess was worshipped at the city's ziggurat
* examples: Ishtar = goddess of love and war; Enki = god of water
ISHTAR ENKI
ZIGGURAT
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October 26, 2014
Oct 263:59 PM
Uniting the CityStates*united under one ruler: Sargon (who was king of the citystate Kish )
*expanded empire to northern end of fertile crescent (presentday Syria)
* because cuneiform was used throughout his empire, Sargon could send instructions and govern over great distances
According to the Bible, Sargon and Nimrod may have been the same person:
Genesis 10:810 ~ Cush was the father of Nimrod, who became a mighty warrior on the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; that is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.” The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar.
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October 26, 2014
Oct 264:07 PM
Checkpoint #2:
What beliefs did Sumerians hold about Gilgamesh?
allknowing, great builder, part god/man, strongest, best fighter
Why did Sumerians build walls around their cities?
for protection
Who united the Sumerian citystates? Where was he from?
Sargon; Kish
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October 26, 2014
Oct 264:28 PM
The Rise of Babylon...
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October 26, 2014
Oct 261:20 PM
The once great city of Babylon , where the Jews were held captive for 70 years, became a symbol of power, materialism, and cruelty.
Read Aloud:The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia. It was situated on the Euphrates River.
The tremendous wealth and power of this city, along with its monumental size and appearance, were certainly considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its foundations were unearthed and its riches substantiated during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in awe as their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation that had happened in time .
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October 26, 2014
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Location of BabylonGenesis 10:10 ~ The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar.
The Tower of BabelGenesis 11:19 ~ Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”
So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. That is why it was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
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October 26, 2014
Oct 265:05 PM
Babylon's king,
Hammurabi*dammed key parts of Euphrates river ~ gave them power to cut off water or or cause terrible floods downstream
*armies weakened the Sumerians
*rich and powerful
*power shifted to north Babylon
Hammurabi's CodeCode of Law
*stone pillar inscribed with over 200 laws, written in cuneiform
*one of the world's oldest codes of law
*showed that slavery existed and not everyone was treated equally under law
*copies of pillars all over indicated that Hammurabi wanted his rules to be followed
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October 26, 2014
Oct 265:19 PM
Checkpoint #3:
What new ruler marched through Mesopotamia in about 1800 B.C.?
Hammurabi; king of Babylon
What strategy did he use to weaken the Sumerians?
dammed the Euphrates; controlled water flow
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
system of laws
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October 26, 2014
Oct 265:26 PM
The "New" Babylonia*693 B.C. "Old Babylon" was destroyed by powerful rulers from northern Mesopotamia a city called Nineveh
*known for beautiful "hanging gardens"
*prisoners from Israel
Jonah 3Jonah Goes to NinevehThen the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: “Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you.”
Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh. Now Nineveh was a very large city; it took three days to go through it. Jonah began by going a day’s journey into the city, proclaiming, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” The Ninevites believed God. A fast was proclaimed, and all of them, from the greatest to the least, put on sackcloth.
When Jonah’s warning reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off his royal robes, covered himself with sackcloth and sat down in the dust. This is the proclamation he issued in Nineveh:
“By the decree of the king and his nobles:
Do not let people or animals, herds or flocks, taste anything; do not let them eat or drink. But let people and animals be covered with sackcloth. Let everyone call urgently on God. Let them give up their evil ways and their violence. Who knows? God may yet relent and with compassion turn from his fierce anger so that we will not perish.”
When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he relented and did not bring on them the destruction he had threatened.
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October 26, 2014
Oct 265:49 PM
Summing it Up:
Why did cuneiform first develop and how did it grow?
it first developed to keep records; later it developed enough to express complex ideas
How did cuneiform aid in governing large areas?
it allowed laws to reach all corners of an empire
What did Hammurabi's rise to power do for Babylon?
it made it one of the ancient world's most powerful cities
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