shale gas opportunities in southern ontario – an … gas opportunities in southern ontario – an...
TRANSCRIPT
Shale Gas Opportunities in Southern Ontario – an Update
Terry Carter, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, ONLee Fortner, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, ON
Catherine Béland-Otis, Ontario Geological Survey, Sudbury, ON
48th Annual OPI Conference and Trade Show Sarnia, Ontario
Acknowledgements
• Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library• Staff of Petroleum Resources Centre, MNR• Tony Hamblin, GSC – Open File Report 5384
Regional Geological Setting and Shale Gas Plays
Potential gas shales in Ontario
Same plays as in NE U.S. and Quebec
Best potential in:– U. Devonian Kettle Point Fm (Antrim shale equivalent) – M. Devonian Marcellus Formation– U. Ordovician Blue Mountain Formation and
Collingwood shale (Utica equivalents)• Gas shows, no current production• Unexplored (only one shale gas exploratory well)• Large prospective areas
Subsurface Paleozoic
Stratigraphic Chart
De
t.
Oriskany
Mt. Simon
Cam
b.O
rdov
icia
nM
iddl
e
Crystalline Basement
Upp
er
Precambrian
Eau Claire TheresaPotsdam
Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue MountainGeorgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Cobourg
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Upp
er Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Queenston
A-2 unitA-1 unit A unitA-1 unit A unit
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitB
Upp
er
Salin
a
Salin
a
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitBA-2 unit
Bass Islands - Bertie
Salin
a
G unitF unitE unitD unitC unitB unit
A-2 unitA-1 unit
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
nLo
wer Bois Blanc Bois Blanc Bois Blanc
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
Bass Islands Bass Islands
Guelph
Cabot Head
GuelphEramosa Eramosa
Am
abel
Mid
dle
ReynalesA
mab
el
Goat Island
Rochester
Gasport
Eramosa
Lock
port
Goat IslandGasportDecew
RochesterIrondequoit
Thorold
Silu
rian
Low
er
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cabot Head
Manitoulin
Wiarton
Guelph
Coboconk
Manitoulin
Whirlpool
Grimsby
Cabot HeadMan.
Whirlpool
Sherman FallKirkfield Kirkfield
Gull RiverShadow Lk
CoboconkGull RiverShadow Lake
ReynalesFossil HillB
lack
R
iver
Gull RiverShadow Lake
KirkfieldTren
ton
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Coboconk
R.
Blue Mountain + Collingwood
Kettle Point
Marcellus
Clastics
Carbonates
Evaporites
Shales
Potential Gas Shales in Southern Ontario - outcrop
Michigan
Ontario
Lake Huron
Hamilton Group
Marcellus
Kettle Point
Georgian Bay
Lake Ontario
New York
Blue Mountain
Collingwood
Georgian Bay-Blue Mountain / Collingwood outcrop
Michigan
Ontario
Lake Huron
Georgian Bay
Lake Ontario
New York
Blue Mountain
Collingwood
• Collingwood
• Calcareous shale; average thickness 4 to 6 m, max 12 m
• TOC: 1 to 11%, marginally mature to mature
• Depth to top: outcrop - 175 m
• 25,000 km2
• Attempts to extract oil in 1860’s
• Blue Mountain Formation
• Unsubdivided Georgian Bay-Blue Mountain Formation in subsurface
• Non-calcareous shale approximately 75 m thick
• Lowermost 2 to 50 m is black organic-rich with up to 3 % TOC
• Depth to top: outcrop - 1000 m
• 70,000 km2
Blue Mountain / Collingwood (Utica)
Blue Mountain / Collingwood
Trenton
TOP: 804.3 m
BOTTOM: 850.6 m
Blue Mountain
Collingwood
Collingwood subcrop / outcrop
Churcher et al, 1991 OFR 5817
Georgian Bay-Blue Mountain Structure
C.I. = 50 m
Michigan
New York
Ontario
Lake Ontario
Lake Huron
Georgian Bay-Blue Mountain Isopach
C.I. = 50 m
Michigan
New York
Ontario
Lake Ontario
Lake Huron
C.I. = 50 m
New York
Ontario
Michigan
Georgian Bay-Blue Mountain Gas Shows
Lake Ontario
Lake Huron
Blue Mountain black shales
black shale
1000-1055 m
Obermajer, Fowler & Snowdon, 1999
Maturity Studies• Obermajer, Fowler & Snowdon, AAPG 1999
• Core, cuttings, outcrop
• Most samples are mature, in oil window
• Increase in maturity to southeast (Repetski et al, 2008)
• Lack of samples in southeast where shales are thickest – gas window?
Marcellus shale
Michigan
Ontario
Lake Huron
Hamilton Group
Marcellus
Lake Ontario
New York
Subsurface Paleozoic
Stratigraphic Chart
De
t.
Oriskany
Mt. Simon
Cam
b.O
rdov
icia
nM
iddl
e
Crystalline Basement
Upp
er
Precambrian
Eau Claire TheresaPotsdam
Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue MountainGeorgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Cobourg
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Upp
er Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Queenston
A-2 unitA-1 unit A unitA-1 unit A unit
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitB
Upp
er
Salin
a
Salin
a
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitBA-2 unit
Bass Islands - Bertie
Salin
a
G unitF unitE unitD unitC unitB unit
A-2 unitA-1 unit
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
nLo
wer Bois Blanc Bois Blanc Bois Blanc
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
Bass Islands Bass Islands
Guelph
Cabot Head
GuelphEramosa Eramosa
Am
abel
Mid
dle
ReynalesA
mab
el
Goat Island
Rochester
Gasport
Eramosa
Lock
port
Goat IslandGasportDecew
RochesterIrondequoit
Thorold
Silu
rian
Low
er
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cabot Head
Manitoulin
Wiarton
Guelph
Coboconk
Manitoulin
Whirlpool
Grimsby
Cabot HeadMan.
Whirlpool
Sherman FallKirkfield Kirkfield
Gull RiverShadow Lk
CoboconkGull RiverShadow Lake
ReynalesFossil HillB
lack
R
iver
Gull RiverShadow Lake
KirkfieldTren
ton
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Coboconk
R.
Blue Mountain + Collingwood
Kettle Point
Marcellus
Clastics
Carbonates
Evaporites
Shales
• No surface outcrop, subcrop beneath glacial drift
• Max 12 m thick beneath Lake Erie
• TOC: 1 to 11%
• Depth to top: subcrop to 225 m
• 4700 km2, mostly beneath Lake Erie
• Marginally mature
Marcellus Shale
Marcellus Formation
Dundee
TOP: 90.5 m
BOTTOM: 98.6 m
OGS 82-3, Yarmouth 3-9-I
No outcrop at surface
Marcellus
Marcellus shale subcrop
MichiganOntario
Lake Huron
Gas shows in Marcellus
Gas shows in Marcellus
Michigan
Lake Huron
Ontario
Michigan
Ontario
Lake Huron
Kettle Point
Lake Ontario
New York
Kettle Point Formation - outcrop
Subsurface Paleozoic
Stratigraphic Chart
De
t.
Oriskany
Mt. Simon
Cam
b.O
rdov
icia
nM
iddl
e
Crystalline Basement
Upp
er
Precambrian
Eau Claire TheresaPotsdam
Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue MountainGeorgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Cobourg
Tren
ton Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Upp
er Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Queenston
A-2 unitA-1 unit A unitA-1 unit A unit
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitB
Upp
er
Salin
a
Salin
a
G unitF unit
E unit
C unitBA-2 unit
Bass Islands - Bertie
Salin
a
G unitF unitE unitD unitC unitB unit
A-2 unitA-1 unit
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
nLo
wer Bois Blanc Bois Blanc Bois Blanc
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
Bass Islands Bass Islands
Guelph
Cabot Head
GuelphEramosa Eramosa
Am
abel
Mid
dle
ReynalesA
mab
el
Goat Island
Rochester
Gasport
Eramosa
Lock
port
Goat IslandGasportDecew
RochesterIrondequoit
Thorold
Silu
rian
Low
er
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cat
arac
t
Cabot Head
Manitoulin
Wiarton
Guelph
Coboconk
Manitoulin
Whirlpool
Grimsby
Cabot HeadMan.
Whirlpool
Sherman FallKirkfield Kirkfield
Gull RiverShadow Lk
CoboconkGull RiverShadow Lake
ReynalesFossil HillB
lack
R
iver
Gull RiverShadow Lake
KirkfieldTren
ton
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Coboconk
R.
Blue Mountain + Collingwood
Kettle Point
Marcellus
Clastics
Carbonates
Evaporites
Shales
• Subcrop beneath glacial drift – only 3 outcrops
• Max 105 m thick, average 28 m
• TOC: 3 to 15%
• Depth to top: outcrop to 143 m
• 9500 km2, 50% beneath Lake Erie
• Thermally immature
• Numerous gas shows in petroleum wells and water wells
• Production in late 1800’s near Ridgetown for street lighting
• One exploratory well: OSN Gore of Chatham, Chatham 7-16-IV in 2006 – reported as plugged & abandoned with gas show
Kettle Point Formation
Kettle Point Formation
OGS 82-2 Chatham
Hamilton Group
Kettle Point
Kettle Point Isopach
C.I. = 20 m
Michigan
New York
Ontario
Lake Huron
Gas Shows in Kettle Point
OntarioMichigan
New York
Lake Huron
Gas Shows in Hamilton Group
OntarioMichigan
New York
Lake Huron
Hamilton Group Subcrop
Gas Shows in Drift
OntarioMichigan
New York
Lake Huron
Gas Shows in Water Wells
OntarioMichigan
New York
Lake Huron
SURFACE SEDIMENTS
SHALE
SALTY WATER IN SANDSTONE
SHALE
OIL/GAS
FRESH WATER
SURFACE C ASING
Top of bedrock
Gas in “contact aquifer”
DRIFT
Kettle Point
Natural Gas in Groundwater “Contact Aquifer”
All Gas Shows associated with Kettle Point
New York
Ontario
Gas shows in Hamilton Gp.
Gas shows in water wells
Gas shows in Kettle Point
Gas shows in drift
Michigan
Lake Huron
Biogenic or Thermogenic ?
• No direct evidence for any of the Ontario shales
• Natural gas in drift and bedrock over prospective shales is associated with fresh water and may be biogenic
• Shallow, low temperature• Antrim shale in Michigan is at least in part
biogenic• Best potential for thermogenic gas may be in
the deeper thermally mature Blue Mountain / Collingwood shales
Summary
• Shale gas potential in Kettle Point, Marcellus, and Blue Mountain / Collingwood formations
• Large prospective areas• Thermally immature to mature• Favourable depths and thicknesses • Natural gas shows reported – large number in Kettle
Point formation• Gas is there - Can it be commercially recovered?• Research project initiated by Ontario Geological Survey
in 2009 – Catherine Béland-Otis
Ontario Bedrock Geology
LakeHuron
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
0 50 100 km
/84° 82° 80° 78° 76°
46°
84° 82° 80° 78°
42° 42°
44° 44°
46°
Algonquin Arch
Algo
nqui
n Ar
ch
Find
lay
Findlay Frontenac Arch
Frontenac ArchArchMichiganBasinAppalachianBasinChathamSagChathamSag
BEDROCK GEOLOGY
Precambrian
Lower Devonian
Middle and Low Silurian
Middle Devonian
Middle Ordovician
Upper Devonian
Upper Ordovician
Upper Silurian
All Gas shows associated with Kettle Point
Michigan
Ontario
Lake Erie
Lake Huron
Gas shows in Hamilton Gp.
Gas shows in water wells
Gas shows in Kettle Point
Gas shows in drift
Blue Mountain / Collingwood Stratigraphy
Ord
ovic
ian
Mid
dle
Up
per
Tre
nto
n
Cobourg
Sherman Fall
Queenston
Georgian Bay - Blue Mountain
Coboconk
Kirkfield
Bla
ck
Riv
er
Gull RiverShadow Lake
Outcrop TermsSubsurface Terms
QueenstonGeorgian Bay
Gull RiverShadow Lake
Sim
co
e
Bobcaygeon
Lindsay (+ Collingwood)
Verulam
Blue Mountain
Upp
er
Stratigraphy
De
t.
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
n
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
R
.D
et.
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
n
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
R
.
Stratigraphy
De
t.
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
n
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
R
.D
et.
Amherstburg
Dev
onia
n
Det
roit
Riv
er Lucas
AmherstburgDet
roit
Riv
er
Mid
dle
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
Lucas
Amherstburg
Hungry HollowArkona
Rockport QuarryBell
Ham
ilton
Widder
Dundee Dundee Dundee
Ham
ilton
Marcellus
Hungry Hollow
Arkona
London area Niagara Peninsula
Pt
Lam
b-to
n
Upp
er
SunburyBerea
Kettle Point
Age Windsor-Essex
BedfordKettle Point
Ipperwash
R
.
Stratigraphic Correlations