how big is global insecurity of tenure? working week, christchurch nz, may 2016, session ts07a how...
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FIG WORKING WEEK, CHRISTCHURCH NZ, MAY 2016, SESSION TS07A
How Big is Global
Insecurity of Tenure?
Dr Robin McLaren
Know Edge Ltd, UK
1
Know Edge LimitedLocation Information Innovation
Presented at th
e FIG W
orking Week 2016,
May 2-6, 2
016 in Christchurch, N
ew Zealand
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Why Do We Have Problems with Global Land
Indicators?
Source: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-11778223© Know Edge Ltd 2
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The Cadastral Divide
70% world’s population have no access to formal Land
Administration services
3© Know Edge Ltd
Tenure insecurity has a knock on effect on sustainablecities, climate change management, food security, povertyalleviation and more.
Only 25% of the 6 billion
land parcels worldwide
are formally registered
and have robust
security of tenure.
Source: http://reliefweb.int/map/world/world-food-security-risk-index-2013
How can we obtain
information on the
excluded?
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Where did this statistic come from?
4©Know Edge Ltd
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The Source of the Statistic
5
• Willie Zimmermann, in conjunction with UN-FAO, had an educated guess at the figure.
• I then published the caveated statistic in my ‘Crowdsourcing support of Land Administration’ paper in 2011.
• The statistic has now become a de factostandard that is quoted globally.
• This is the best we have!
©Know Edge Ltd Source: http://www.govloop.com/community/blog
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Sources of Land Information
6©Know Edge Ltd Source: http://www.govloop.com/community/blog
GLI
Official
Sources
Unofficial
Sources
Potential New
Innovative
Sources
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Accelerating Official Sources
Source: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-11778223
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Official Sources of Land Information
Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration
• Flexible
• Inclusive
• Participatory
• Affordable
• Reliable
• Attainable
• Upgradeable
Enabling and accelerating land administration systems
8©Know Edge Ltd
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Official Sources of Land Information
An easy-to-use, open-source mobile application that can capture the information needed to issue formal documentation of land rights.
Enabling and accelerating land administration systems
9©Know Edge Ltd
Mobile Application to Secure Tenure (MAST)USAID Pilot Project in Tanzania
Source: USAID
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Official Sources of Land Information
Enabling and accelerating land administration systems
10
• Land professionals / NGOs train trusted intermediaries in communities.
• Self-organize into collaborating networks.
©Know Edge Ltd
Source: www.flikr.com
• Intermediaries could be shared with other information services, e.g. health and agriculture.
• Land rights simply a bi-product of other services, e.g. microfinance, micro-insurance.
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New Unofficial Sources
Source: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-11778223
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Robin McLaren (2011)
© Know Edge Ltd
The Citizen Crowd
The Citizen as a Sensor
Capturing evidence of land rights
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New Initiatives Delivering Unofficial Land Rights Information
• Rights Resources Initiative
• Rainforest Foundation UK
• BRAC
• The Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago (AMAN)
• Habitat for Humanity
• Open Tenure (SOLA)
• Landmapp
• Cadasta
• STDM
• ……. Source: http://uwnews.org
© Know Edge Ltd 13
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Unofficial Sources of Land Information
Landmapp - Delivering affordable land tenure mapping
to rural communities
14©Know Edge LtdSource: http://landmapp.net
Linking
smallholder
tenure and
productivity
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Potential New Innovative Sources of Land Information
Source: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-11778223
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Crowdsource Perception of Security of Tenure through Social-Media
©Know Edge Ltd 16Source:
https://aboutourism.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/mill
ennials.jpg
But how can we engage with communities and
convince them to contribute – what is the incentive?
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Crowdsource Perception of Security of Tenure through Social-Media
©Know Edge Ltd 17Sourcehttp://ureport.ug/about_ureport/
Build communities
• Outreach through building a community.
• A good example is UNICEF uReport in Uganda.
• A free SMS-based system that allows young Ugandans to speak out on what's happening in communities across the country, and work together with other community leaders for positive change.
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Crowdsource Perception of Security of Tenure through Social-Media
©Know Edge Ltd 18Source: http://africagreenmedia.co.za
Outreach through existing information services
• Connect to existing information service infrastructure, e.g. health or agriculture.
Source: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
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Crowdsource Perception of Security of Tenure through Social-Media
©Know Edge Ltd 19Source: http://africagreenmedia.co.za
Market research with SMS surveys
• Arrange SMS based surveys through mobile service providers.
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©Know Edge Ltd 20Source: http://blogs-
images.forbes.com/emc/files/2014/02/Big-
Data1.jpg
Micro-financing
Mortgages
Addresses
Business
Register
Agricultural
Grants
Property Tax
Social Security
Environmental
Constraints
School Registers Census
Mobile Phone UsersProperty Valuation
Marketing
Campaigns
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©Know Edge Ltd 21
Crowdsourcing information from satellite imagery
Source: http://www.tomnod.com/campaign/
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Facebook has used its AI tools to identify human-made structures in 20 countries
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• Facebook has announced it will make highly detailed maps of places where it believes people are living available to the public later this year.
©Know Edge LtdSource: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35633915
• 14.6 billion satellite images analysed covering 20 countries.
• Resulted in 350TB of data with a spatial resolution of 5m.
• Inform its Internet.org initiative
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Can we identify evidence of longer term investments that indicate greater security of tenure?
©Know Edge LtdSource: https://www.digitalglobe.com/gallery?category=&page=3
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Terracing
©Know Edge LtdSource: http://www.delange.org/HighLands2/HighLands2.htm
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Crop Planting
©Know Edge Ltd
Source: https://desertification.wordpress.com/2015/02/23/the-critical-role-of-smallholder-farmers-and-rural-people/
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Tree Planting
©Know Edge Ltd
Source: http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/05/regreening-africa-could-help-stem-tide-migration
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Irrigation
©Know Edge Ltd
Source: http://www.desiledger.com/photo/farmer-waters-cucurbit-field-with-traditional-method-called-furrow-irrigation-21659.html
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Can we Identify Clues in Imagery to Indicate Perception of Security of Tenure?
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Fence Building
©Know Edge Ltd
Source: http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/boma-fence.html
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Urban Sensing: Beyond Science
Interactive 12 metre D-Tower in
Doetinchem, the Netherlands.
Activated by responses to a website
that surveys the mood of the
townspeople.
Fearful:
In love:
Source: Communications of the ACM, March 2008
©Know Edge Ltd 29
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30Source: http://mags.acm.org/communications/201303#pg1© Know Edge Ltd
The Robot CrowdExploration & Mapping with Autonomous Robot Teams
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Thank You
31
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Contact Information:
Mobile: +44 7803 163137
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @knowedgeltd
Skype: robinmclaren Edinburgh, Scotland
Know Edge LimitedLocation Information Innovation
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