THE INTERNATIONAL EPD®SYSTEM

DRAFT PCR

PCR CPC Division 32193:

Absorbent hygiene products

VERSION 1 DATED Feb 2011

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DOCUMENT NAME PCR Absorbent Hygiene ProductsCPC Subclass 32193

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1 General information.........................................................................................................5

2 Definition of the product category....................................................................................6

3 Functional unit..................................................................................................................7

4 Content of materials and chemical substances...............................................................7

5 Units and quantities.........................................................................................................7

6 General system boundaries.............................................................................................8

7 Core Module....................................................................................................................9

8 Upstream Module...........................................................................................................11

9 Downstream Module......................................................................................................13

10 Environmental performance-related information.......................................................14

11 Content of the EPD...................................................................................................15

12 Validity of the EPD....................................................................................................17

13 List of abbreviations..................................................................................................17

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General Introduction

The international EPD®system is based on a hierarchic approach following the international standards:

ISO 9001, Quality management systems

ISO 14001, Environmental management systems

ISO 14040, LCA - Principles and procedures

ISO 14044, LCA - Requirements and guidelines

ISO 14025, Type III environmental declarations

ISO 21930, Environmental declaration of building products.

The General Programme Instructions are based on these standards, as well as instructions for developing Product Category Rules (PCR).

The documentation to the International EPD®system includes three separate parts (www.environdec.com):

Introduction, intended uses and key programme elements

General Programme Instructions

Supporting annexes

This PCR document specifies further and adds additional minimum requirements on EPDs of the product group defined below complementary to the above mentioned general requirement documents.

Principle programme elements concerning the Product Category Rules (PCR) included in the International EPD® system are presented below.

Purpose Element identification and principal approach

Complying with principles set in ISO 14025 on modularity and comparability

1. "Book-keeping LCA approach"

2. A Polluter-Pays (PP) allocation method

Simplifying work to develop Product Category Rules (PCR)

3. PCR Module Initiative (PMI) in order to structure PCR in modules according to international classification

4. PCR moderator for leadership and support of the PCR work

Secure international participation in PCR work

5. Global PCR Forum for open and transparent EPD stakeholder consultation

Facilitating, identification and collection of LCA-based information

6. Selective data quality approach for specific and generic data

Product Category Rules (PCR) are specified for specified information modules “gate-to-gate”, so called core modules. The structure and aggregation level of the core modules are defined by the United Nation Statistics Division - Classification Registry CPC codes (http://unstats.un.org). The PCR also provides rules for which methodology and data to use

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in the full LCA, i.e. life cycle parts up-streams and down-streams the core module. The PCR also has requirements on the information given in the EPD, e.g. additional environmental information. A general requirement on the information in the EPD is that all information given in the EPD, mandatory and voluntary, shall be verifiable.

In the EPD, the environmental performance associated with each of the three life-cycle stages mentioned above are reported separately.

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DOCUMENT NAME PCR Absorbent Hygiene ProductsCPC Subclass 32193

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1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Date and registration no: 2011-xx-xx, PCR 2011:xx

This PCR was developed by: Attends Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson, Kimberly-Clark, SCA

Appointed PCR moderator: Ellen Riise, SCA Hygiene Products AB, ellen.riise@sca.com

Open consultation period at the Global PCR Forum (www.environdec.com):

2011-xx-xx – 2011-xx-xx

Valid within the following geographical area:

Globally

PCR valid until: 2014-xx-xx

Earlier documents: PSR 2007:06 – for preparing an environmental product declaration (EPD) for Absorbent Hygiene Products

The PSRs will be replaced by this document.

This document provides Product Category Rules (PCR) for the assessment of the environmental performance of product category absorbent hygiene products, and the declaration of this performance by an EPD.

The product category of absorbent hygiene products consists of female sanitary protection, baby diapers and adult incontinence products with subgroups as defined in table 1.

Absorbent Hygiene Products are a subset of products from UN CPC/division 32/subclass 32193: toilet paper, handkerchiefs, towels, serviettes, napkins for babies, tampons, and similar household, sanitary or hospital articles, and articles of apparel, of paper pulp, paper, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres

Note that in this PCR, the following products are excluded: Toilet paper, handkerchiefs, towels, serviettes, and similar household or hospital articles, and articles of apparel, of paper pulp, paper, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres

Any comments to this PCR document may be given on the Global PCR Forum or directly to the PCR moderator during the period of validity.

The PCR document is a living document. If relevant changes in the LCA methodology or in the technology for the product category occur, the document will be revised and any changes will be published on the international website: www.environdec.com.

The EPD shall refer to a specific PCR version number. The production of new PCR versions does not affect the EPD certification period.

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2 DEFINITION OF THE PRODUCT CATEGORY

The product category includes absorbent hygiene products which products basically consist of a top layer (nonwoven or perforated film), an absorbent core (fluff pulp and/or superabsorbers) and a backsheet (plastic film, nonwoven). The product category includes disposable and reusable products (for example, washable products, cloth diapers). A tampon consists of coverstock, absorbent core and string. Some types of tampons also include an applicator.

The category consists of the groups feminine sanitary protection, baby diapers and adult incontinence care products. Within each product group, the following types can be distinguished:

Product group Products

Feminine sanitary protection Sanitary towels, alt. sanitary napkins Pantliners, alt. panty shields Tampons

Baby diapers Baby diapers Pant diapers Training pants Swimming pants

Adult incontinence products All-in-one products, Shaped, Brief, Adult diapers

Pants Insert pads

Liner padsMale pouches Bed protection, underpads

Depending on product type, both physical size and absorption capacity can vary. The product group and the variant of the product type shall be stated (e.g. baby diaper 5 – 10 kg, adult incontinence product large - extra dry).

2.1 SPECIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING COMPANYThe following mandatory information shall be described. The table also contains suggested voluntary information of the producer.

Mandatory information Example of voluntary informationName of the company Information on environmental management

system

Production site(s) Specific aspects regarding the production

Issuer and Contacts Environmental policy

Manufacturer’s logotype

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2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE PRODUCTThe EPD shall contain a description of the product specifying for each type of product, as shown in the table below, the weight, the physical size and the absorption capacity according to ISO 11948-1:1996.

Product group Products Product type/

physical size

Absorption

capacity

Weight

Feminine sanitary protection

Sanitary towels, alt. sanitary napkins Pantliners, alt. panty shields Tampons

Baby diapers Baby diapers Pant diapers Training pants Swimming pants

Adult incontinence products

All-in-one products, Shaped, Brief, Adult diapers

Pants Insert pads

Liner padsMale pouches Bed protection, underpads

3 FUNCTIONAL UNITFUNCTIONAL UNIT

The functional unit is one day of absorbent product use. The functional unit shall include the specification of a reference flow in terms of the number of product units used per day and the citation of an appropriate reference study.

Product group Products Product units used per dayFeminine sanitary protection

Sanitary towels, alt. sanitary napkins Pantliners, alt. panty shields Tampons

Baby diapers Baby diapers Pant diapers

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Training pants Swimming pants

Adult incontinence products All-in-one products, Shaped, Brief, Adult diapers

Pants Insert pads

Liner padsMale pouches Bed protection, underpads

Reference studies used in determining the rate of product use shall be based on a broad consumer use study for the product in question and shall be available to the audience of the EPD. For example, in the case of baby diapers, the reference flow shall be 4.16 diapers per day based on Aumônier and Collins, 2005. Similar broad consumer habits and practices studies should be used to establish a reference flow for other categories: if different reference studies are available for one specific product and based on different rates of product use (see table above), these studies shall be declared in the EPD and reported in the LCA study for the product being investigated. Impact categories shall be related to one of the reference rates of product use specified in the table above.

If there are not available reference studies for the product under investigation, the reference flow and functional unit shall be one product unit.

The functional unit shall be declared in the EPD. The environmental impact shall be given per functional unit.

4 CONTENT OF MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCESThe EPD shall include a content declaration of the product covering relevant materials and substances. The gross weight of material shall be declared in the EPD at a minimum of 99.5% of one product unit.

5 UNITS AND QUANTITIESSI units shall be used. For electricity and fuels, the preferred units are:

- kWh (MWh) for electricity

- MJ (GJ) for fuels

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6 GENERAL SYSTEM BOUNDARIESFigure 1 illustrates the system boundaries and the division between upstream, core and downstream modules.

Figure 1 Illustration of the upstream, core and downstream modules and processes.

6.1 UPSTREAM PROCESSESThe upstream processes include the following inflow of raw materials and energy wares needed for the manufacture of absorbent hygiene products:

extraction and refinement of natural resources (e.g. forestry and extraction of oil)

production of raw materials (e.g. pulp, nonwoven, superabsorbers, cotton)

production of packaging materials

production processes of the energy wares used in upstream processes

6.2 CORE PROCESSESThe core processes include:

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Rawmaterials

Rawmaterials

Forestry Polymerproduction Energy

wares

Packaging

Fluff pulpSAP,nonwovens,

films,

adhesives, elastics, etc.

Manufacturing of absorbent hygiene products

Use

Wastemanagement

Upstream processes

Core process

Downstream processes

Cotton yarn Detergent

Rawmaterials materials materials materials

Raw Raw Raw

production production

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Transportation of input materials to the core process

Manufacturing of absorbent hygiene products

6.3 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSESThe downstream processes include:

Transportation from final manufacturing to customer

Use of the product by customer or consumer: significant phase in case of reusable product

Waste management of used products, packaging included

In the EPD, the environmental performance associated with the life-cycle is reported separately for Upstream, Core e Downstream processes.

7 CORE MODULE

7.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

7.1.1 TECHNICAL SYSTEM

The processes listed in Section 6.2 for the production of the final product shall be included.

A minimum of 99.5% of the total weight of the declared product including packaging shall be included.

The boundaries towards other technical systems describe the inflow of material and components from other systems and the outflow of material to other systems. The inflow of recycled material and the outflow of materials for recycling, shall be declared without assigning the environmental impact of the system, except for impact from transportation of the flows. The outflow of materials for heat recovery, landfill and waste treatment shall be declared assigning the environmental impact of the system but without assessing potential benefits from energy or heat production.

The manufacturing of production equipment, buildings and other capital goods shall not be included as well as business travel and travel to and from work by personnel.

7.1.2 GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES

The geographic boundary is determined by the location of manufacturer. Generally environmental impacts shall be considered disregarding the location where they occur, but care should be taken for indicators with specific local impact. For example, impact categories focused on the consumption of freshwater (not currently required by these PCR) should consider local, site-specific factors when evaluating the potential for environmental impact.

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The country and site specific energy supply (e.g. electricity generation, process heat production) shall be taken into account. Specifically, the fuel consumption and emissions associated with electric power generation for AHP manufacturing processes shall reflect the official supply mix in the country where the processes are located.

7.1.3 TIME BOUNDARIES

The data from manufacturing of absorbent hygiene products should preferably be a maximum of one year old. If data is older it should be justified.

7.1.4 BOUNDARIES TO NATURE

The boundaries towards nature shall describe the flow of material and energy resources from nature into the system and emissions from the system to air and water and waste out of the system.

7.1.5 BOUNDARIES TO OTHER PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES

The boundaries in the life cycle are illustrated in the flow chart in figure 1. The following are not included:

The construction of factory buildings and infra structure

Production of manufacturing equipment

Pallets

Personnel activities

(See General Programme Instructions Annex A, available at www.environdec.com)

7.2 CUT OFF RULESElementary and intermediate flows that contribute less then 1% of the total mass input to a unit process are allowed to be omitted from the inventory. Similarly, elementary flows leaving a unit process that are believed to contribute less than 1% of the total environmental impact to any impact category are also allowed to be omitted from the inventory analysis.

Deviation from the 1 % cut-off rule described shall be justified.

Parts and materials not included in the LCA shall be documented.

7.3 ALLOCATION RULESAllocation always implies valuation and the main goals for the allocation choices made for this product category is to keep the allocation methodology rather simple but transparent and maintain comparability between EPDs.

In keeping with this goal, all data shall be attributed to the product system based on information regarding the flow of physical good or energy between unit processes. Information regarding the expected economic cause and effect relationships between operations shall not be used as the basis for allocation.

Allocation of manufacturing data should be avoided when possible through the sub-division of processes. When sub-division is not possible, allocation should be based on the number

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of unit absorbent hygiene products produced. If this is not possible, mass allocation should be used.

7.4 DATA QUALITY RULESSpecific data (often called primary data), gathered from the sites where specific processes are carried out, shall be used for the core module. The requirement for specific data also includes actual product weights, amounts of raw materials used and amounts of waste, etc.

Specific data for the generation of electricity bought shall be used if possible. The data shall be verifiable by energy certificates, eg within the European Energy Certificate System, invoice or similar.

If specific data are not available or if the purchased electricity is not specified for parts of the core module, the electricity mix used in those parts shall be approximated as the official supply mix in the country of manufacture. The mix of energy shall be documented.

8 UPSTREAM MODULE

8.1 SYSTEM BOUNDARIESAll elementary flows at resource extraction shall be included, except for the flows that fall under the general 1% cut off rule.

8.2 DATA QUALITY RULESSpecific data shall be used for amounts of inputs and outputs of the following production. If specific data are not available, selected generic data may be used and shall be justified.

fluff pulp

nonwovens

films and laminates

superabsorbers

fastening

adhesives

elastics

yarn cotton

detergent

Selected generic data may be used for

Forestry

Production of chemicals for the fluff pulp

Production of chemicals for other raw materials

Production of synthetic polymers

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Extraction and combustion of fuels

Electricity

Transports

Packaging

For allowing the use of selected generic data, a number of pre-set characteristics must be fulfilled and demonstrated:

Representativeness of the geographical area should adhere to “Data deriving from areas with the same legislative framework and the same energetic mix,”

Technological equivalence adhere to “Data deriving from the same chemical and physical processes or at least the same technology coverage (nature of the technology mix, e.g. weighted average of the actual process mix, best available technology or worst operating unit),”

Boundaries towards nature adhere to “Data shall report all the quantitative information (resources, solid, liquid, gaseous emissions; etc.) necessary for the EPD,” and

Boundaries towards technical systems adhere to “The boundaries of the considered life cycle stage shall be equivalent.”

The following free and commercial databases are recommended for selected generic data:

Database / Literature source Data Geographical area

Publication date /

versionEcoinvent Miscellaneous Global 2.0 or later

European Life Cycle Database (ELCD) Miscellaneous Europe 2009 or later

FEFCO Packaging Europe 2006 or laterPlastics Europe (latest edition)

BUWAL (1996)

CEFIC http://www.cefic.org/sector/naclo3/ecoprofile/tc.htm (1996-1997)

Ecoinvent (latest edition)

NaOH, HCl, acetone, NH3, benzene

CaCO3, CaO, starch, Na2SO4, Sulphur, SO2, O2, H2SO4, NaCO3

NaClO3, H2O2

Europe/Global

Plastics Europe Plastics Europe 2005 or laterFor other regions of the world, databases with appropriate geographical coverage shall be used, if possible.

8.3 RULES FOR GENERIC DATAIf these data sources do not supply the necessary data, other generic data may be used and documented. The environmental impact of the processes where the other generic data are used must not exceed 10% of the overall environmental impact from the product system.

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9 DOWNSTREAM MODULE

9.1 DISTRIBUTION SCENARIOThe EPD shall include the transport from manufacture to an average customer or distribution platform. The type of transport and transport distance should be representative to actual conditions on the market for which the EPD is valid. Transports between global regions (e.g. Europe – Africa – Asia, etc.) shall use distances from table x (table will be included shortly- 21 Feb 2011, moderator’s comment) for average distances between the regions.

9.2 USE PHASE SCENARIOFor the disposable products covered by this PCR, the use phase is not relevant since the products are typical single use, i.e. used for a very short time and disposed of immediately afterwards. Use of additional products or appliances related to cleaning activities during e.g. diapering of babies (e.g. hot water or baby wipes) is explicitly excluded from the system boundaries.

For reusable products covered by this PCR, the use phase is relevant and shall be assessed: in particular energy, water and detergent consumptions for washing and drying (if applicable) the product shall be reported. For reusable commercially laundered products, also laundry service vehicle use shall be assessed.

9.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOSThe potential environmental impact of waste management of absorbent hygiene products shall be reported separately from other results. The waste management shall be based on available waste statistics from the region and the models to be used are listed in the table for generic data. Waste management of transport packaging shall be included in the downstream module, based on scenarios for the relevant market. Waste from the use phase shall be classified according to the European Waste Catalogue.

In case of incineration of the product, the energy (low calorific value) and humidity content shall be reported. Reference for literature source shall be reported as well.

Database/ Literature source

Data Geographical

area

Publication date/ version

OECD statistics Waste statistics OECD Latest version

Ecoinvent Waste processes (incineration or landfill) for paper, PP, PE, PET, plastic mix, PU, viscose, CaCO3

Global, Europe

2.0 or later

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fisico-chimica di materiali componenti degli assorbenti igienici – draft version

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10 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED INFORMATION

10.1 USE OF RESOURCESThe consumption of natural resources and resources per functional unit shall be reported in the EPD under the following categories:

Non-renewable resources

Material resources

Energy resources (used for energy conversion purposes)

Renewable resources

Material resources

Energy resources (used for energy conversion purposes)

Water use

10.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTThe environmental impact per functional unit for the following environmental impact categories shall be reported in the EPD, divided into core and upstream reported together and downstream module reported separately.

Emissions and removals of greenhouse gases (expressed in global warming potential, GWP, in 100 year perspective).

Emissions of acidification gases (expressed as the sum of acidification potential expresses in SO2 equivalents).

Emissions of gases that contribute to the creation of ground level ozone (expressed as the sum of ozone-creating potential, ethene-equivalents).

Emissions of substances to water contributing to oxygen depletion (expressed as PO43-

equivalents).

The tables from General Programme Instructions, Annex B: Conversion and characterisation factors shall be used.

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10.3 OTHER INDICATORSOther indicators to be reported:

Quantity of waste, separated in hazardous and not hazardous waste

Odour concentration, measured according to EN 13725:2003

Optional indicators to be reported:

Hedonic tone, measured according to VDI 3882-2:1994.

10.4 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONNo additional environmental information is necessary to report in the EPD.

11 CONTENT OF THE EPD

11.1 PROGRAMME RELATED INFORMATIONThe programme related part of the EPD shall include:

Name of the programme and programme operator

The reference PCR document

Registration number

Date of publication and validity

Geographical scope of application of the EPD if deviating from an international coverage

Information about the year or reference period of the underlying data to the EPD

Reference to the homepage — www.environdec.com — for more information.

11.2 PRODUCT RELATED INFORMATION

11.2.1 SPECIFICATION OF THE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

See Section 2.1.

11.2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE PRODUCT

See Section 2.2.

11.2.3 FUNCTIONAL UNIT

See Section 3.

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11.2.4 CONTENT OF MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

See Section 4.

11.2.5 COMPARISONS OF EPDS WITHIN THIS PRODUCT CATEGORY

To be able to compare EPDs within this product category, they have to be based on this particular PCR. The user of the EPD information should be made aware of this by the inclusion of this statement in the EPD:

“EPDs from different programmes may not be comparable”

11.2.6 VALIDITY OF THE EPD

The geographical area and the time during which the EPD is valid shall be reported in the EPD.

11.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED INFORMATION

11.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE DECLARATION — MINIMUM SET OF PARAMETERS FROM THE LCA STUDY, REPORTED PER FUNCTIONAL UNIT

Upstream module, core module and downstream module shall be reported separately for the resource use, potential environmental impact and other indicators such as waste and odour concentration. Upstream module and core module should be disaggregated. Downstream module shall always be reported separately.

11.3.2 USE OF RESOURCES

In this category the consumption of natural resources and resources per functional unit shall be reported.

See Section 10.1.

11.3.3 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

In this category the potential environmental impact per functional unit shall be reported.

See Section 10.2.

11.3.4 OTHER INDICATORS

In this category relevant indicators shall be reported per functional unit.

See Section 10.3.

11.3.5 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

Additional environmental information about system, product or raw material certification may be reported in the EPD.

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11.4 DIFFERENCES VERSUS PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THE EPDThe main causes of changes in the environmental performance in comparison with previous EPD versions shall be described shortly.

11.5 VERIFICATIONThe EPD shall give the following information about the verification process:

PCR review conducted by: Name and organisation of the chair, and information on how to contact the chair through the programme operator

Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:

Internal (EPD process certificate) or external, if external name of the third party verifier

Accredited or approved by (if relevant): Name of the organisation

11.6 REFERENCESThe EPD shall, if relevant:

The underlying LCA

The PCRs used

Other documents that verify and complement the EPD

Programme instructions

Sources of additional information

12 VALIDITY OF THE EPDIf changes in any of the environmental impacts are larger than ±5% the EPD shall be adjusted. Regardless, the EPD shall be reviewed every three years.

13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSA list of abbreviations used in the PCR may be defined here.

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