pc assembly, troubleshooting & networking

PC Assembly, PC Assembly, Troubleshooting & Troubleshooting &

NetworkingNetworking

CEDE Student Lecture 2

Seminar and Workshop Entitled

Part IPart IIntroductionIntroduction

Parts of Computer Parts of Computer

► MotherboardMotherboard► CPUCPU► MemoryMemory► Video CardVideo Card► Power SupplyPower Supply► Hard DiskHard Disk► CD/DVD Rom DriveCD/DVD Rom Drive► IDE CableIDE Cable

MotherboardMotherboard

- - A motherboard is the central or A motherboard is the central or primary primary circuit boardcircuit board making up a making up a complex electronic system, such complex electronic system, such as a modern as a modern computercomputer. It is also . It is also known as a main board, known as a main board, baseboard, system boardbaseboard, system board

Motherboard DesignMotherboard Design

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor

►A microprocessorA microprocessor -- also known -- also known as a as a CPUCPU or central processing or central processing unit -- is a complete computation unit -- is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a engine that is fabricated on a single chip.single chip.

Microprocessor DesignMicroprocessor Design

MemoryMemory

►MemoryMemory- is technically any form - is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used of electronic storage, it is used most often to identify fast, most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage temporary forms of storage

Video CardVideo Card

►A A video cardvideo card, (also referred to as a , (also referred to as a graphics accelerator cardgraphics accelerator card, , display display adapteradapter, , graphics cardgraphics card, and , and numerous other terms), is an item of numerous other terms), is an item of personal computerpersonal computer hardware whose hardware whose function is to generate and output function is to generate and output images to a display.images to a display.

Video Card DesignVideo Card Design

Power SupplyPower Supply

►In a personal computer (PC), the In a personal computer (PC), the power supply is the metal box power supply is the metal box usually found in a corner of the usually found in a corner of the case. The power supply is visible case. The power supply is visible from the back of many systems from the back of many systems because it contains the power-because it contains the power-cord receptacle and the cooling cord receptacle and the cooling fan. fan.

Power Supply DesignPower Supply Design

Hard DiskHard Disk

►Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive ( (HDDHDD), ), commonly referred to as a commonly referred to as a hard hard drivedrive, , hard diskhard disk or or fixed disk fixed disk drivedrive, is a non-volatile storage , is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.platters with magnetic surfaces.

Hard Disk DesignHard Disk Design

CD ROMCD ROM

►CD-ROMCD-ROM (an abbreviation of (an abbreviation of "Compact Disc read-only "Compact Disc read-only memory") is a Compact Disc that memory") is a Compact Disc that contains data accessible by a contains data accessible by a computer. computer.

CD ROM DesignCD ROM Design

IDE CableIDE Cable

►This cable will work fine in two-drive This cable will work fine in two-drive configurations, but there is a configurations, but there is a drawback: it's suboptimal for one-drive drawback: it's suboptimal for one-drive installations. These high-speed disk installations. These high-speed disk cables really should cables really should alwaysalways have a have a drive on the physical far end of the drive on the physical far end of the cable to reduce noise on the bus, but cable to reduce noise on the bus, but this cable puts the single drive in the this cable puts the single drive in the middlemiddle

IDE Cable DesignIDE Cable Design

SATA Cable DesignSATA Cable Design

Part IIPart II

►PC ASSEMBLYPC ASSEMBLY

Processor Physical Installation Processor Physical Installation ProcedureProcedure

►Determine Socket TypeDetermine Socket Type►Orient Processor To SocketOrient Processor To Socket ►Open ZIF SocketOpen ZIF Socket ►Insert Processor Into SocketInsert Processor Into Socket ►Check That Chip Is Inserted FullyCheck That Chip Is Inserted Fully ►Close ZIF SocketClose ZIF Socket

Heat sink Installation Heat sink Installation Procedure Procedure

► Attach Fan to Heat SinkAttach Fan to Heat Sink► Apply Heat Sink CompoundApply Heat Sink Compound► Attach Heat SinkAttach Heat Sink

Memory Physical Installation Memory Physical Installation ProcedureProcedure

► 1. Identify Installation Socket1. Identify Installation Socket ► 2. Orient Module2. Orient Module ► 3. Insert Module3. Insert Module ► 4. Lock Module Into Place4. Lock Module Into Place ► 5. Double-Check Installation5. Double-Check Installation ► 6. Repeat If Necessary:6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to Steps 2 to

55

Installing a Desktop PC Installing a Desktop PC MotherboardMotherboard

►1. The first step will be to open the 1. The first step will be to open the case up case up

2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard 2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard TrayTray

3. Replace the ATX 3. Replace the ATX Connector PlateConnector Plate

4. Determine Motherboard 4. Determine Motherboard Mounting LocationMounting Location

5. Install the Motherboard 5. Install the Motherboard StandoffsStandoffs

6. Fasten the 6. Fasten the MotherboardMotherboard

7. Attach ATX Control 7. Attach ATX Control WiresWires

8. 8. Connect the ATX Power Connect the ATX Power ConnectorConnector

9. (Optional) Replace the 9. (Optional) Replace the Motherboard TrayMotherboard Tray

10. Install Any Port 10. Install Any Port HeadersHeaders

PART IIIPART III

►OPERATING OPERATING SYSTEM SYSTEM INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION

OPERATING SYSTEM OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION PROCEDUREINSTALLATION PROCEDURE

► Turn on the power of your computerTurn on the power of your computer► Press delete/F2 to enter the CMOS SetupPress delete/F2 to enter the CMOS Setup► Setup the Boot Priority (1Setup the Boot Priority (1stst Boot – CD, 2 Boot – CD, 2ndnd Boot Boot

HDD)HDD)► Press Esc.Press Esc.► Press F10 (To save setup)Press F10 (To save setup)► Insert the Start-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD Insert the Start-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD

Rom Drive.Rom Drive.► The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.

OPERATING SYSTEM OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION PROCEDUREINSTALLATION PROCEDURE

►Press F8 to AgreePress F8 to Agree►Press Enter to Continue Install Win XPPress Enter to Continue Install Win XP►Press “C” to Create Partition.Press “C” to Create Partition.►Press Enter to Continue Install Win XPPress Enter to Continue Install Win XP►Select Format Using NTFSSelect Format Using NTFS►Type the CD Key of Windows XP.Type the CD Key of Windows XP.►Continue Install by clicking next..Continue Install by clicking next..

Part IVPart IV

PC PC TROUBLESHOOTINTROUBLESHOOTIN

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Troubleshooting TipsTroubleshooting Tips

(1) Trial-and-error(1) Trial-and-error (2) "It's the cable, s-----.“(2) "It's the cable, s-----.“(3) Don't be frustrated!(3) Don't be frustrated!(4) Take notes!(4) Take notes!(5) Take a look?(5) Take a look?

Troubleshooting Tips for Troubleshooting Tips for New MonitorsNew Monitors

1.1. The picture does not appearThe picture does not appear

2.2. The Screen is not synchronizedThe Screen is not synchronized

3.3. The position of the screen is not The position of the screen is not in the centerin the center

4.4. The screen is too bright or too The screen is too bright or too darkdark

5.5. The screen is shakingThe screen is shaking

Troubleshooting Tips for a Troubleshooting Tips for a New MotherboardNew Motherboard

►System has no power at all. Power System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan light does not illuminate, fan inside the power supply does not inside the power supply does not turn on, and indicator light on turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does not turn on.keyboard does not turn on.

►System inoperative. Keyboard System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are on, power indicator lights are lit, and hard drive is lights are lit, and hard drive is spinning.spinning.

► System does not boot from hard disk System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive.drive.

► System only boots from Floppy Disk. System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and applications Hard Disk can be read and applications can be used, but booting from Hard can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.Disk is impossible.

► After install an expansion card After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the system no longer works properly.the system no longer works properly.



►Screen message says "Invalid Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."

►Screen is blank.Screen is blank. ►System does not boot from hard System does not boot from hard

disk drive, can be booted from disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive.floppy disk drive.

►ProblemProblem


►Screen goes blank periodically.Screen goes blank periodically. ►Keyboard failureKeyboard failure ►No color on screen.No color on screen. ►Floppy drive lights stays on.Floppy drive lights stays on. ►Error reading drive A:Error reading drive A: ►C: drive failure.C: drive failure. ►Cannot boot system after Cannot boot system after

installing second hard drive.installing second hard drive.


►Missing operating system on hard Missing operating system on hard drive.drive.

►Certain keys do not function.Certain keys do not function. ►Keyboard is locked, no keys Keyboard is locked, no keys

function.function.

Trouble Shooting Tips after Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Video CardInstalling a New Video Card

► Check that the card is seated properly in Check that the card is seated properly in its expansion slot.its expansion slot.

► Ensure the display cable is securely Ensure the display cable is securely fastened to the card's display connector. fastened to the card's display connector.

► Make sure that the display and computer Make sure that the display and computer are plugged in and receiving power are plugged in and receiving power

► If necessary, disable any built-in graphics If necessary, disable any built-in graphics capabilities on your motherboard. capabilities on your motherboard.

► Make sure you selected the appropriate Make sure you selected the appropriate display device and graphics card when display device and graphics card when you installed your enhanced driver. you installed your enhanced driver.

Basic Troubleshooting Tips Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New Hard after Installing a New Hard

DriveDrive ► Verify compatibilityVerify compatibility ► Check all cardsCheck all cards ► Check all connectors and cablesCheck all connectors and cables ► Verify jumper settingsVerify jumper settings ► Check your power-supply specificationsCheck your power-supply specifications ► Verify the drive-type settings in the Verify the drive-type settings in the

system setup programsystem setup program ► Check for virusesCheck for viruses

Additional Tips for HDDAdditional Tips for HDDAfter you install your new drive, your After you install your new drive, your

computer will not boot, and no error computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the screen.message appears on the screen.

The screen remains blank when you The screen remains blank when you power up the system. power up the system.

The system does not recognize the drive.The system does not recognize the drive. The dealer partitioned and formatted the The dealer partitioned and formatted the

drive for you in the store, but the drive drive for you in the store, but the drive does not respond when you install it. does not respond when you install it.

Additional Tips for HDDAdditional Tips for HDD The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save

the partition record. the partition record. The system error message, "Drive not Ready," The system error message, "Drive not Ready,"

appears. appears. The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present,"

appears. appears. The drive does not format to full capacity. The drive does not format to full capacity. The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System

Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears. Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears. The system error message, "HDD controller failure" The system error message, "HDD controller failure"

appears. appears.

Basic Troubleshooting Tips Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New after Installing a New

MemoryMemory

1.1. No Display, 3 short beepNo Display, 3 short beep

2.2. computer always hang during computer always hang during the boot processthe boot process

3.3. The installation setup The installation setup interruptinterrupt

PART VPART V

►PC MAINTENANCEPC MAINTENANCE

PC Maintenance PC Maintenance you use your computer more than a few hours per you use your computer more than a few hours per

day, we suggest you not to turn off your computer day, we suggest you not to turn off your computer at the end of the day. Instead turn off only the at the end of the day. Instead turn off only the monitor to save electricity. Daily power up and monitor to save electricity. Daily power up and down makes the components exposed to high and down makes the components exposed to high and low temperature cycles that are not good for the low temperature cycles that are not good for the life-time of the components, particularly the life-time of the components, particularly the critical ones such as hard drives, CPU, and critical ones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. The temperature cycle would result in memory. The temperature cycle would result in expansion-shrinking cycle for the components. The expansion-shrinking cycle for the components. The life-time of electronic components would be life-time of electronic components would be increased if they are run at constant temperature increased if they are run at constant temperature with adequate ventilation.with adequate ventilation.

PC MaintenancePC Maintenance

If your area experiences a few times of If your area experiences a few times of power outage per year, it is necessary power outage per year, it is necessary to use a UPS. Sudden power downs to use a UPS. Sudden power downs while the system is running may cause while the system is running may cause severe damage to hard drives.severe damage to hard drives.

A tape backup and a lock to make A tape backup and a lock to make systems hard to move are worthy systems hard to move are worthy investment for critical data.investment for critical data.

PC MaintenancePC Maintenance

Use your hand to touch and feel the Use your hand to touch and feel the cover of your computer at least once a cover of your computer at least once a week. The cover should be at room week. The cover should be at room temperature. If it feels warm there may temperature. If it feels warm there may be a problem! Check to make sure that be a problem! Check to make sure that the cooling fans on the power supply the cooling fans on the power supply and CPU are working properly. Clean and CPU are working properly. Clean the air pathway on the back of the the air pathway on the back of the power supply on a regular basis. power supply on a regular basis.

PART VIPART VI

►Computer NetworkingComputer Networking

TOOLS IN NETWORKINGTOOLS IN NETWORKING

►RJ-45 RJ-45 ►Twisted pair cableTwisted pair cable►Crimp toolCrimp tool►Ethernet hubEthernet hub ►routerrouter ►Network Adapter Card (NIC)Network Adapter Card (NIC)

RJ 45RJ 45

►Eight-conductor data cable contains 4 Eight-conductor data cable contains 4 pairs of wires. Each pair consists of a solid pairs of wires. Each pair consists of a solid (or predominantly) colored wire and a (or predominantly) colored wire and a white wire with a stripe of the same color. white wire with a stripe of the same color.

Twisted Pair CableTwisted Pair Cable

►Twisted pairTwisted pair cabling is a form of cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors are wiring in which two conductors are wound together for the purposes of wound together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external interference (EMI) from external sources, electromagnetic radiation sources, electromagnetic radiation from the UTP cable, and crosstalk from the UTP cable, and crosstalk between neighboring pairsbetween neighboring pairs..

Crimp ToolCrimp Tool

►crimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply place crimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply place the plug with the cable in the crimp tool the plug with the cable in the crimp tool and squeeze the grips together, thus and squeeze the grips together, thus causing the plug to bite into the cable. causing the plug to bite into the cable.

Ethernet HubEthernet Hub

►An An Ethernet hubEthernet hub or or concentratorconcentrator is a is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single segment. making them act as a single segment.

RouterRouter

►A A routerrouter is a device that determines is a device that determines the proper path for data to travel the proper path for data to travel between different networks, and between different networks, and forwards data packets to the next forwards data packets to the next device along this path.They connect device along this path.They connect networks together; a LAN to a WAN for networks together; a LAN to a WAN for example, to access the Internet.example, to access the Internet.

RouterRouter

Router Connection Router Connection

Wiring Diagrams for Straight Wiring Diagrams for Straight Through, Cross Over and Y Through, Cross Over and Y

cablescables

Straight ThroughStraight Through

Straight Through Cable Color Code

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8

white orange orange white green blue white blue green white brown brown

Cross OverCross Over

Cross Over Cable Color Code

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8

white green green white orange blue white blue orange white brown brown

Y cablesY cables

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6

white orange

orange white green green

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6

blue white blue white brown brown

Connecting 2 Computers using Connecting 2 Computers using LANLAN

►Connect the cable to the LAN Card and Connect the cable to the LAN Card and the other end to Ethernet Hub.the other end to Ethernet Hub.

Click the control panelClick the control panel

Click Network ConnectionClick Network Connection

Click the Local Area Click the Local Area ConnectionConnection

Click the Properties of LANClick the Properties of LAN

Click the Internet Protocol Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)(TCP/IP)

Type the IP AddressType the IP Address

►Class AClass A Network AddressNetwork Address 1-1261-126►Class BClass B Network AddressNetwork Address 128-128-

191191►Class CClass C Network AddressNetwork Address 192-192-

254254►Spare AddressSpare Address 127127

Select Use the ff. IP addressSelect Use the ff. IP address& Type the Specified IP Address, then & Type the Specified IP Address, then

click OK.click OK.

For the Other Computer type the IP For the Other Computer type the IP Address with the same class, then Address with the same class, then change only the last number of the change only the last number of the

Address.Address.►ExampleExample►PC1PC1 192.168.0.1192.168.0.1►PC2PC2 192.168.0.2192.168.0.2►PC3PC3 192.168.0.3192.168.0.3►And so on…And so on…

Sharing your Internet to Sharing your Internet to other PCother PC

►Use 2 LAN Card to your server.Use 2 LAN Card to your server.►The internet is connected to the server The internet is connected to the server

in the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 in the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 is connected to hub/switch.is connected to hub/switch.

Procedure in Sharing your Procedure in Sharing your internet to other workstation internet to other workstation

(PC)(PC)►Click the control panelClick the control panel

►Click Network WizardClick Network Wizard

Click NextClick Next

Select the first choice, then Select the first choice, then NextNext

Select the Local Area connection where Select the Local Area connection where the internet is connected, then Nextthe internet is connected, then Next

Type the Computer Description Type the Computer Description and Name, then Nextand Name, then Next

Type MSHOME, then NextType MSHOME, then Next

Select Printer Sharing, then Select Printer Sharing, then NextNext

Click NextClick Next

Select the last choice, then Select the last choice, then NextNext

Click FinishClick Finish

Configure the IP Address of Configure the IP Address of Local Area Connection 2 of the Local Area Connection 2 of the

other LANother LAN

The Other Workstation is ready for The Other Workstation is ready for Internet connection by configuring IP Internet connection by configuring IP

Address of LANAddress of LAN

To Find the DNS Server IP To Find the DNS Server IP AddressAddress

Click PropertiesClick Properties

Click DetailsClick Details

List of IP Address of the List of IP Address of the ServerServer

The Other Workstation is ready for The Other Workstation is ready for Internet connection by configuring IP Internet connection by configuring IP

Address of LANAddress of LAN

WORKSHOP WORKSHOP ON LANON LAN

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