PBA History and Success

Jeff Paull

On behalf of all who have participated in the journey

Overview

• Pulse breeding in Australia pre-PBA

• Structure of PBA

• Best practice breeding chain

• PBA outputs

Australian Pulse Production - Area

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Faba & broad beans Chick peas Lentils Lupins Peas, dry

FAOSTAT

Pulse Breeding in Australia pre-PBA

• Generally State-based breeding programs • Varying degrees of collaboration between organisations within crops • Limited collaboration across crops

• Often multiple grants per crop • Difficult to administer • Breeders had limited control on activities outside own organisation

• Genesis for National programs in 1996 • Major pulse meeting at Narrabri • International experts with experience operating across regions

• Attwood March 2003!

Pulse Breeding Australia

• Commenced in 2006

• Unincorporated joint venture between GRDC, breeding organisations and Pulse Australia

Vision

• To deliver superior pulse varieties for Australian growers to increase total pulse grain production and the total cropping area sown to pulses

PBA Objectives

• Provide superior varieties that compete in global markets

• Meet the needs of food, feed and special purpose end-users

• Coordinate and recommend release of varieties

• Contribute to education and training related to pulse breeding

• Foster exchange of IPR among the Parties

• Exploit synergies and avoid duplication

• Encourage commercialisation of varieties that provide overall advantages to the Australian Pulse industry

Location of Breeding Programs

Faba bean breeding (UA and Narrabri)

Chickpea breeding (NSW DPI

Tamworth & Vic DPI

Horsham ) Field pea breeding (Vic DPI Horsham)

Lentil breeding (Vic DPI

Horsham)

Germplasm enhancement

(SARDI)

Core presentation July 2006

Lupin breeding joined in 2011 (DAFWA)

Region Dominant Pulse Crop (Current)

Western Lupin Field pea

Northern Chickpea Faba bean

Southern Lentil Faba bean Field pea

PBA Board

PBA Commercial Partners

PBA Coordinator

Lentil

Breeding

Program

Lupin

Breeding

Program

Chickpea

Breeding

Program

Field Pea

Breeding

Program

Faba Bean

Breeding

Program

Release Advisory Groups

PBA Coordination Group

Germplasm

Enhancement

Program

PBA Research

Priorities

Seed Industry Pulse Australia

Domestic

Market Needs

International

Growers

Pathology

Statistics

Agronomy

PBA Commercial

Partners

PBA

RAGs

Lentils Chickpeas

Faba beans

Field peas Lupins

PBA Breeding

Programs

Supporting Pulse

RD&E

Germplasm

Enhancement

Sustainable

Farming Systems

National Variety

Trials (NVT)

Variety Adoption

ValidationIdentification

Custom ers Breeding

Process

Pre-Breeding

Research

Collecting

seed

roya lties/

EPR at

effective

cost

Variety

Uptake

Access to

pre

-bre

ed

ing

develo

pm

en

ts &

too

ls

Ab

ility to

feed

back

mark

et s

ign

als

to

bre

ed

er

M arket/

Prom otion

activ ities,

NVT,

G rade, etc

Ab

ility to

brid

ge th

e

Pro

d’t

Devel

/ mark

etin

g

inte

rface (p

eo

ple

)

Adoption & Utilisation

of Enabling

Technologies for Rapid

Breeding

Ab

ility to

dire

ct th

e

righ

t pre

-bre

ed

ing

activ

ities

Ab

ility to

iden

tify

usefu

l tech

no

log

ies

an

d/o

r traits

at

reaso

nab

le c

ost

Ab

ility to

man

ag

e th

e

su

pp

ly o

f qu

ality

seed

–

righ

t am

ou

nt in

the

righ

t pla

ce

Pure seed m anagem ent – pedigree seed Bu lk-up

Op

er

atio

na

l Ac

tivitie

sC

ap

ab

ilities –

link

ag

e &

ma

na

ge

me

nt

C learly identified and com m unicated organisational breeding goals.

Effective technical breeding target setting , perform ance criteria.

C om m unication - developm ent and m aintenance o f continuous feedback loops.

A ccessing, capturing and effectively m anaging IP at each step along the program chain.

Im plem entation o f effective cost (financial) structures.

C ontractual m anagem ent skills.

Leadership and m anagem ent from pre -breeding to custom er – m ay

be one or m ore (team ) people and include as experienced breeder .

N ational and International outlook and understanding o f germ plasm

and technology across the program .

C hange capacity/m anagem ent across w hole chain.

Effective data m anagem ent

U se o f fast variety release tim etable targets.

C learly identified and com m unicated organisational breeding goals.

Effective technical breeding target setting , perform ance criteria.

C om m unication - developm ent and m aintenance o f continuous feedback loops.

A ccessing, capturing and effectively m anaging IP at each step along the program chain.

Im plem entation o f effective cost (financial) structures.

C ontractual m anagem ent skills.

Leadership and m anagem ent from pre -breeding to custom er – m ay

be one or m ore (team ) people and include as experienced breeder .

N ational and International outlook and understanding o f germ plasm

and technology across the program .

C hange capacity/m anagem ent across w hole chain.

Effective data m anagem ent

U se o f fast variety release tim etable targets.

Com m ercial

-isation

Tra

ns

ition

Ov

erla

p

C om m unication and Feedback - overarching and betw een the program segm ents

Australian Best Practice Breeding Chain

M arket/

Prom otion/

Sa les

Resource

Capability

Ch

ain

Le

ad

er

ship

Co

mp

ete

nc

ies

Tra

ns

ition

Ov

erla

p

Variety testing

S1

S2

S3

S4

Adaptation

Y ield

Quality

Seed purity

Accreditation

CVT & NVT

Variety testing

S1

S2

S3

S4

Variety testing

S1

S2

S3

S4

Adaptation

Y ield

Quality

Seed purity

Accreditation

CVT & NVT

Tra

ns

ition

Ov

erla

p

T im elines

(yrs)

4 to 10 years 2

Tra

ns

ition

Ov

erla

p

Effective variety

m anagem ent

packages

100 to 1000 ton

Variety

m eets

custom er

needs

Custom er

(exporters,

m illers,

m altsters,

m arketers,

feedsters ,

end users)

requirem ’ts

identified

Effective

roya lties &

EPR system in

p lace

Mo

lecu

lar m

ark

er

acce

ss

Introgress ion

F0

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Breeding paths -

Sing le Seed Decent

Double Haploid

M SFRS

Marker Assis t Se lect ’n

Introgress ion

F0

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Introgress ion

F0

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Breeding paths -

Sing le Seed Decent

Double Haploid

M SFRS

Marker Assis t Se lect ’n

2 to 4 years 5 to 10 years3 to 5 years

Com m erc ia lisation P lan

Mo

lecu

lar m

ark

er

iden

tificatio

n

Variety

m eets

grower

needs

Breeding Process

Lead Agency Breeder and Technical support • Report to GRDC • Overall program management • Member of PBA Coordination Group

• Crossing • Early generation multiplication and selection • S1 – S4 trials • Pathology, Quality • Coordinate Statistical analysis (SAGI) • Initial seed multiplication • Commercialisation, PBR

Partner Agencies Contribute in a range of areas • Participate in Breeding Team Management meetings • Member of PBA Coordination Group Regional evaluation • S2, S3, S4 • Provide data for MET analysis • Identify lines adapted to region • Feedback on lines to use as parents

Pathology Quality

Contract Service Providers • Provide services not available within the Breeding Team • Contract trials in areas not readily accessed by PBA

partners • Provide data for MET analysis

Germplasm Enhancement Research

• Priorities determined by PBA Coordination Group

• Breeding programs provided germplasm when appropriate

• Regular communication between GE projects and PBA

• Rapid adoption of outputs

• Abiotic, Biotic, Quality, Crop Management, Enabling Technologies

Abiotic

• Heat

• Frost

• Moisture stress

• Boron

• Salinity

• Waterlogging

• Pod drop

Crop Management • Herbicide tolerance

Technologies • Molecular markers

• Digital analysis

Biotic • Ascochyta

• Botrytis

• Bacterial blight

• Downy mildew

• Stemphyllium

• Rust

• Root lesion nematodes

Quality

• Sensory

• Processing

Meeting the Customers Needs

• Most Australian pulses are exported to food markets

• Diverse markets – but driven by Indian sub-continent

• All pulse crops have several “types” • Which type for which market?

• Priority/resources for each type?

Australian Pulse Exports Source: Pulse Australia

Market Intelligence

Local - AGIC International

Commercialisation

• Each breeding program partnered with a commercial partner to manage a pipeline of varieties

• Early multiplication of promising breeding lines • Shorter release times

• Target varieties to appropriate regions rather than compete for market share

• Release Advisory Groups

• Variety Management Package

Best Practice

• National and International collaboration

• PBA capacity building

• Communication • PBA Newsletter

• Annual meetings

• Technicians symposiums

• PBA Conference 2013, APC 2016

PBA Outputs

• 34 PBA Varieties

• Continuing yield improvements in all crops

• Large pool of elite germplasm

• New traits and selection methods available to breeding programs via GE program

• Integrated breeding programs with a common goal

Field Pea Yield Progression

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Year

t/h

a

Pennant

Dundale Dinkum

Bluey

Glenroy

Laura

Parafield

Snowpeak

Kaspa

Excell

Sturt

MoonlightBundi

PBA Gunyah

PBA Twilight

PBA Percy

PBA OuraOZP0805

OZP0903

Alma

Wiirrega

King

Australian Coordinated Field Pea Improvement Program

Pulse Breeding Australia

State Breeding Agencies

• Average yield gain of 1-1.5% per year across 20 years

• Tall trailing types gradually replaced with semi dwarf varieties

• Significant breakthrough with cv. Kaspa in 2002

Faba bean

Year Variety Type

2009 PBA Kareema Broad bean

2011 PBA Rana Southern Region faba bean

201 PBA Warda Northern Region faba bean

2014 PBA Samira Southern Region faba bean

2015 PBA Nasma Northern Region faba bean

2015 PBA Zahra Southern Region faba bean

Faba bean

PBA Samira • High yielding and widely

adapted throughout the Southern Region

• Resistant to ascochyta blight

• Medium size, bright seed suited to Egyptian market

Chickpea

Year Variety Type

2009 PBA HatTrick Desi

2009 PBA Slasher Desi

2011 PBA Boundary Desi

2011 PBA Pistol Desi

2012 PBA Striker Desi

2013 PBA Maiden Desi

2013 PBA Monarch Kabuli

2016 PBA Seamer Desi

Chickpea

PBA Seamer • Highest level of AB resistance in

desi adapted to northern region

• Improved lodging resistance

• Larger seed and improved milling quality

• Released in 2016 with strong interest from northern growers

Jimbour PBA Seamer

Field pea

Year Variety Type

2011 PBA Gunyah Kaspa

2011 PBA Twilight Kaspa

2012 PBA Hayman Forage

2012 PBA Percy Dun

2012 PBA Oura Dun

2013 PBA Pearl White

2014 PBA Coogee Forage

2014 PBA Wharton Kaspa

Field pea

PBA Pearl • Highest yielding Australian pea

• Yellow pea – market is 100 fold larger than Dun pea market

• Downy mildew and BLRV resistant

• Good early vigour, early-mid flowering and maturity

PBA Gunyah Kaspa seed

PBA Pearl Yellow Pea

Lentil

Year Variety Type

2009 PBA Flash Medium red

2010 PBA Jumbo Large red

2010 PBA Blitz Large red

2012 PBA Ace Medium red

2012 PBA Bolt Medium red

2013 PBA Hurricane XT Small red

2014 PBA Greenfield Medium green

2014 PBA Giant Large green

2014 PBA Jumbo2 Large red

Lentil

PBA Jumbo2 • Highest yielding red lentil across

all lentil growing areas

• Good broad adaptation and yield stability

• Resistant to ascochyta and botrytis grey mould, so suitable for early sowing

• Improved tolerance to boron

Lupin

Year Variety Type

2012 PBA Gunyidi Australian sweet lupin

2013 PBA Barlock Australian sweet lupin

2015 PBA Jurien Australian sweet lupin

Lupin

PBA Jurien • High yielding across most lupin

growing areas in WA, NSW, SA and Vic

• Resistant to Anthracnose

• Resistant to phomopsis and grey spot

Challenges for the Future

• Fill-in the production area gaps

• Integrate new traits and technologies into the breeding programs • Reassess selection priorities • Capacity within breeding programs or out-source?

• Evolution of pathogens • Recognise and respond

• Respond to changing market requirements

• Respond to changing farming systems

Participants

Grains Research and Development Corporation

Pulse Australia

University of Adelaide

Agriculture Victoria

NSW Department of Primary Industries

South Australian Research and Development Institute

Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

University of Sydney

Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research

Centre for Legumes In Mediterranean Agriculture

Australian Pulse Production - Area

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FAOSTAT

4%

18%

32%

36%

10%

Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Midnorth-Lower Yorke Eyre Zone

Chickpeas

Faba Beans

Field Peas

Lentils

Lupins

8%4%

44%

8%

36%

Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Vic Mallee

Chickpeas

Faba Beans

Field Peas

Lentils

Lupins

12%

40%

11%

29%

7%

Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Vic Border-Wimmera Zone

Chickpeas

Faba Beans

Field Peas

Lentils

Lupins

5%

50%33%

3% 9%

Average Total Pulse Production in the Vic High Rainfall Zone

Chickpeas

Faba Beans

Field Peas

Lentils

Lupins