patrick bastiaensen · brucellosis (brucella abortus, melitensis,…) tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)...

Patrick BASTIAENSEN

Laboratory infrastructure

and biological security challenges,

from an African perspective

Programme Officer

Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa

World Organisation for Animal Health

Patrick BASTIAENSEN

Jennifer LASLEY

Tianna BRAND World Organisation for Animal Health

Raphael PRENAT United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, Group of Experts

Laboratory infrastructure

and biological security challenges,

from an African perspective

World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 4

The environment

AUC support to UNSCR 1540

Laboratory performance

OIE support to UNSCR 1540

Conclusions

Agenda

Source : Pinterest


Stamping out of bird flu affected poultry farms in Nigeria (2006)

Photo credit : public domain (2006)


Chapter 1

The security challenges and biological

threats environment in Africa


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa is important

Source : se.dreamstime.com


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : arms trafficking UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : drugs trafficking UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : human trafficking


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : terrorism

Maps kindly supplied

by Raphael Prenat


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : health, wildlife


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : terrorism

Source : independent.co.uk


The Nominal Lethality of Different Biological Weapons, Part One


WHO (1970) OIE

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)

Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi)

Brucellosis (Brucella abortus,

melitensis,…)

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)

Rift Valley fever (RVF)

Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 1,000 kg Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 50 kg



WHO (1970) OIE*






melitensis,…)



Numbers of casualties from the delivery of 50 kg

(*) Listed diseases in 2017



WHO (1970) OIE*






melitensis,…)



(*) Listed diseases in 2017

WAHIS (2016)

28

0

3

23

24


WHO (1970)






melitensis,…)




Chapter 2

PVS critical competencies, pertaining to

laboratory services and performance


The OIE PVS Pathway (established 2007)


(access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

Revised in 2012 (introducing 1.A and 1.B)

The authority and capability of the VS (to have access to laboratory diagnosis in order)

to identify and record pathogenic agents,

including those relevant for public health,

that can adversely affect animals and animal

products.

Five (5) levels of advancement (LoA)

CC. II. 1. (A)


0 5 10 15 20 25

Level of advancement 5





(access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis CC. II. 1. (A)

N = 44


Laboratory quality assurance

Introduced in 2008

The quality of laboratories (that conduct

diagnostic testing or analysis for chemical

residues, antimicrobial residues, toxins,

or tests for, biological efficacy, etc.) as

measured by the use of formal QA systems

including, but not limited to, participation in

relevant proficiency testing programmes.

CC. II. 2.


0 5 10 15 20 25






Laboratory quality assurance CC. II. 2.

N = 30


UNSCR 1540 : Why Africa : Ebola crisis



II. 1. (access to) Veterinary laboratory diagnosis

“the authority and capability of the VS to

have access to laboratory diagnosis in

order to identify and record pathogenic

agents, including those relevant for public

health, that can adversely affect animals

and animal products”.




For major zoonoses and diseases of

national economic importance, the VS

have access to and use a laboratory to

obtain a correct diagnosis.

2 / 5

> one country




Disease diagnosis is almost always

conducted by clinical means only, with no

access to and use of a laboratory to

obtain a correct diagnosis.

1 / 5

> two countries


Chapter 3

OIE Support


The OIE PVS Pathway


C/Ivoire : Dec. 2015

Sudan : Nov. 2015

Uganda : Oct. 2015

Tunisia : Mar. 2014

Libya : Dec. 2013

Tanzania : May 2013

PVS Laboratory Support Missions


The OIE PVS Pathway


As per September 2017

Completed : 16

Ongoing : 10

Approved: 3

Worldwide : 82 (Africa 35%)

OIE facilitated lab twinning agreements (29)


OIE facilitated lab twinning agreements (18)

OIE listed diseases of the

List of human and animal

pathogens and toxins

for export control

(Australia Group, 2016)

Completed : 10

Ongoing : 7

Approved: 1

AU-PANVAC

Debre-Zeit

Ethiopia

« biosafety and biosecurity »


Chapter 4

African Union support .


UNSCR 1540 African Union

The African Union Commission oversees the

implementation of UNSCR 1540 at African level

and this task is entrusted to its

Department of Peace and Security


UNSCR 1540 African Union

Algeria Benin Burundi Cabo Verde Congo (Rep)

Congo (Dem. Republic) Ethiopia Ghana

Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi

Niger Togo Uganda Zambia

Algeria Benin Burundi Cabo Verde Congo (Rep)

Congo (Dem. Republic) Ethiopia Ghana

Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi

Niger Togo Uganda Zambia


Chapter 5

Conclusions


The challenges

Many diseases of relevance to biological

threats are widespread on the continent;

Rapidly changing environmental, political and

economic environment, emergence of new

diseases and of terrorism;

Laboratories in many countries don’t keep

pace with these changes and lag behind in

quality assurance, including proper biosafety

and biosecurity.

Africa


The response

Many OIE and FAO (and joint FAO-IAEA)

tools are available to help;

UNSCR 1540 and the African Union

Commission are available to help;

Many veterinary laboratory managers in

Africa need to become aware of the risks and

set-up containment plans and security plans,

including appropriate BSL infrastructures and

stringent access control.

Africa


In conclusion…

Thank you for

your attention 12, rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France

www.oie.int

[email protected] - [email protected]

Rabies diagnostic

Training at ARC-OVI

Photo credit : OVI

SEARG (2009)

patrick bastiaensen · brucellosis (brucella abortus, melitensis,…) tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)...

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