PATHWAYS TOWARDS CCS BEST PRACTICES IN PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM COAL,

GENÈVE, 29/10/2015Guido Magneschi (guido.magneschi@globalccsinstitute.com)

Senior Adviser CO2 capture EMEA

The Global CCS Institute

We are an international membership

organisation.

Offices in Washington DC, Brussels,

Beijing and Tokyo. Headquarters in

Melbourne.

Our diverse international

membership consists of:

o governments,

o global corporations,

o small companies,

o research bodies, and

o non-government organisations.

Specialist expertise covers the

CCS/CCUS chain.

OUR MISSIONTo accelerate the

development,

demonstration and

deployment of

CCS globally.

OUR MISSIONTo accelerate the

development,

demonstration and

deployment of

CCS globally.

1Fact-based,

influential

advice and

advocacy

1Fact-based,

influential

advice and

advocacy

2Authoritative

knowledge

sharing

2Authoritative

knowledge

sharing

Our Vision for CCS:

CCS is an integral part of a low-carbon future

CCS is real

Current operational

projects have around 27

Mtpa of CO2 capture

capacity

Large-scale CCS projects by region or country

North America (with 13 in the US and 6 in Canada), China (with 9)

and UK (with 5) have the most projects

Americas 1 3 6 10 20

Early

planning

Advanced

planningConstruction Operation Total

China 5 4 - - 9

Europe 2 4 - 2 8

Gulf Cooperation

Council- - 1 1 2

Rest of World 4 - 1 1 6

Total 12 11 8 14 45

2015

EOR

Dedicated Geological

Power

Generation

*** Institute estimate

Actual and expected operation dates for projects in

2015-2016 is a watershed period for CCS – it is a reality in the power sector and

additional project approvals are anticipated

Operating 20172016

Hydrogen

production

Natural gas

processing

Chemical

production

Iron and steel

production

Synthetic

natural gas

Fertiliser

production

Oil refining

2018 2019 2020

= 1Mtpa of CO2 (areas of circle are proportional to capacity)

Coal-to-liquids

* Injection currently suspended

Boundary

Dam

Kemper

Petra

Nova

ROAD

Sargas

Texas

Sinopec Shengli Peterhead

HECA**Illinois Industrial

Yanchang

Sinopec

Qilu

Abu Dhabi

ACTL Agrium Coffeyville

Century

Plant Enid

Fertilizer

Val Verde

Air Products

Lost Cabin

Lula

SnøhvitSleipner

Shute Creek

In Salah*

Uthmaniyah

Quest

Gorgon***

Spectra***

ACTL Sturgeon

Petro China

Jilin

Great

Plains

operation, construction and advanced planning

Don

Valley

White

Rose

** Storage options under evaluation

TCEP

2015-2016: a year of action

ROAD

QuestUthmaniyah

US-China ProjectsPeterheadWhite Rose

Abu Dhabi CCS Kemper County

2016

FID

2015/16

Operational

2015

Petra NovaDecatur

Advanced CCS projects - Europe

Snøhvit

Peterhead

CO2 cc: 1 Mtpa

Power sector

Sleipner

ROAD

CO2 cc: 1.1 Mtpa

Power sector

Don Valley

CO2 cc: > 1 Mtpa

Power sector

White Rose

CO2 cc: 2 Mtpa

Power sector

• Power sector: 3 projects are heading towards a FID

however, few new projects in early planning.

• Industrial sector: recognised that CCS is the only de-carbonization

option in some cases, increasing interest in industrial CCS

• Emerging trend of industrial CO2 Networks and CCS Clusters

around the North Sea: From project by project approach to the

concept of European CO2 networks and CCS Clusters to capture

multiple source of CO2 sharing transport and storage infrastructures.

Examples of cluster under consideration:

– Teesside, UK

– Rotterdam, NL

– Antwerpen, BE

Emerging trends – Europe

Teesside CO2 Collective: industrial CCS network (UK)

1st generation technologies: state of art

POST-COMBUSTION

Chemical/Physical separation of CO2 from flue gases produced by any combustion

State of art: chemical absorption with amine-based solvents

PRE-COMBUSTION

Chemical/Physical separation of CO2 from H2 (before combustion). Applicable to Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants

State of art: absorption with physical and chemical solvents (commercial processes)

OXY-COMBUSTION

Combustion of fuels in oxygen and recirculated CO2 in order to produce a near pure stream of CO2 . Applicable to nearly all combustion processes.

1st generation technologies: key indicators

Post-

combustion

Post-

combustion

Pre-

combustion

Oxy-

combustion

Plant type SCPC/USCPC NGCC IGCC SCPC/USCPC

Efficiency penalty (%-points)* 9-12 8-11 9-12 8-10

Net power output decrease

(%)*20-25 15-20 20-25 15-20

CO2 captured (kg CO2/MWh)** 830-1080 360-390 840-940 830-1040

CO2 avoided (kg CO2/MWh)** 650-720 310-330 630-700 760-830

LCOE w/o CCS (USD/MWh)** 61-79 42-83 82-99 56-68

LCOE with CCS (USD/MWh) ** 95-150 63-122 112-148 92-141

% LCOE increase with CCS** 48-98 28-72 26-62 61-114

SCPC: super-critical pulverized coal, USCPC: ultra super critical pulverised coal. NGCC: natural

gas combined cycle, IGCC: integrated gasifier combined cycle.

*Indicative ranges

**Cost data taken from Rubin et al., 2015.The cost of CO2 capture an storage. International Journal

of Greenhouse Gas Control

CCS: levelised cost of electricity

Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update

Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute’s website)

CCS: avoided cost of CO2

Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update

Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute’s website)

CCS R&D is focussed on costs reduction

• First generation projects will deliver important lessons. New

projects will benefit from learnings and will have lower cost.

• Continued R&D activities will help drive down costs of equipment

and related materials as well as operating costs:

– Thermal and electrical energy requirements

– Materials consumption, such as solvents, sorbents and other

chemicals

• International collaboration crucial to achieve cost and

performance goals.

DOE CCS cost reduction goals

Palsynski, S., 2015. Fueling the Future: Safe, Affordable, Secure Energy. Pittsburgh, PA,

Proceedings of the 2015 NETL CO2 Capture Technology Meeting, June 23 – 26, 2015.

Relative US DOE cost reduction targets and timing for 2nd generation

and transformational carbon capture technologies

DOE development timeline for new technologies

Generalised development timelines for 2nd generation and

transformational capture technologies (US DOE, 2013)

DOE/NETL Advanced Carbon Dioxide Capture R&D Program: Technology Update, Pittsburgh, PA.

2nd generation technologies

Performer Focus Benefits Scale

Post-combustion - solvent

Neumann System

Group

Nozzle-Based solvent

deliveryModular, scalable, solvent agnostic 0.5 MWe

University of

Kentucky2-stage regeneration High pressure regeneration 0.7 MWe

General Electric

Global ResearchAmino-silicone solvent Enhanced energetics 1 MWe

ION EngineeringNon-aqueous

solvent/amine mixtureEnhanced energetics 0.7 MWe

CO2 SolutionsEnzyme-catalysed

solventRegeneration energy reduction 0.5 MWe

Post-combustion sorbent

ADA-ES Amine-based sorbent Proof-of-concept at scale 1 MWe

TDAAlkalised alumina sorbent

(fixed bed)Optimised process flow sheet 1 MWe

SRI International Carbon-based sorbent Sorbent attrition resistance 1 MWe

Korea Electric

Power (KEPCO)

Carbonate sorbent

(moving bed)Low-cost sorbent; process concept 10 MWe

2nd generation technologies (cont’d)

Post-combustion membrane

MTR Spiral-wound membrane Process design at scale 1 MWe

GTI Solvent contactor Process intensification 1 MWe

Pre-combustion

SRI InternationalAmmonium carbonate

based solventInexpensive solvent 0.1 MWe

TDA Carbon-based sorbent Process integration 0.1 MWe

Oxy-fuel

Aerojet

Rocketdyne

Pressurised fluidised bed

combustionLatent heat recovery 1 MWe

Net PowerOxy/supercritical CO2

power cycleHigh efficiency power cycle 50 MWth

Alstom Power Inc.Limestone chemical

looping combustionInexpensive oxygen carrier 1 MWe

Industrial

ITRI Korea Calcium looping Heat integration; process flow sheet 1.9 MWth

IFK of University

of StuttgartCalcium looping Optimization and scale-up 200 KWth

ECN SEWGSCombination of CO2 capture and water gas

shift reaction (blast furnace gases)

Performer Focus Benefits Scale

Take-away messages

CCS is a reality in industrial and power sector

Further driving down cost of capture systems needs to be the

focus of future R&D efforts

Successful development of 2nd generation technologies is

critical in advancing more cost-effective capture technologies.

Next wave of CCS projects need decisions now

Challenge is not technology – it is policy and political support

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