pathways to college: improving students’ access to and readiness for college...
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Pathways to College: Improving Students’ Access to and Readiness for College
—————————September 29, 2009
Charles Sumner SchoolWashington, DC
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SEE Forums:
Becki Herman, SEE Forums Director, Managing Research Scientist, American Institutes for Research (www.air.org)
Supported through a grant from the Institute of Education Sciences (ies.ed.gov) of the U.S. Department of Education
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Panelists: Tom Bailey, Director, National Center for
Postsecondary Research, Columbia University Cecilia Rouse, Member of the White House
Council of Economic Advisers Mel Riddile, Associate Director for High School
Services, National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP)
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Helping Students Navigate the Path to College: What High Schools Can Do
Thomas Bailey, DirectorCommunity College Research Center
National Center for Postsecondary Research
Presented at
Scientific Evidence in Education ForumWashington, DC
September 29, 2009
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Background
• Gains in access over the last 30 years• Low income and minority students are still much
less likely to enroll in college• To achieve the currently accepted goals of
significant increase in college graduation, access and preparation must be strengthened
• Success in college is also built on solid preparation for the academic, social, and cultural college environment
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High School Completion and Initial Postsecondary Enrollment by SES
Quartile Eighth Graders in 1988
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Lowest Second Third Highest
Per
cen
t o
f S
ES
Qu
arti
le No PSE, No HS
No PSE w/HS or GED
PSE 2-Yr or <2-Yr
PSE 4-Yr
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Sequence of Preparation
• Do they have access to a program that prepares them for college?
• Do they know what they need to do and where they stand?
• Are they prepared for the academic demands of colleges and the college culture and norms?
• Do they take the concrete steps needed to gain access to college and secure funding?
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Recommendation 1
• Offer courses that prepare students for college-level work.– Implement a curriculum that prepares all
students for college.– Include opportunities for college-level work for
advanced students.
• Ensure that students understand a college-ready curriculum by 9th grade.– Develop a four-year course trajectory with
each 9th grader.
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Recommendation 2
• Utilize assessment measures throughout high school.– Utilize performance data to inform students
about their proficiency.– Create an individualized plan for students.– Offer courses and curricula that prepare
students for college-level work.
• Assist students in overcoming deficiencies as they are identified.
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Recommendation 3
• Surround students with adults and peers who support college-going aspirations.– Provide mentoring for students.– Facilitate student relationships with peers who
plan to attend college.– Provide hands-on opportunities for students to
explore different careers.
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Recommendation 4
• Assist students in completing critical steps for college entry.– Ensure students prepare for, and take, the
appropriate college entrance exam. – Assist students in their college search.– Assist students in completing applications and
other critical steps for college entry.
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Recommendation 5
• Increase financial awareness.– Increase families’ financial awareness.– Organize workshops about college
affordability, scholarship, and financial aid.
• Help students apply for aid.– Help students and parents complete financial
aid forms.
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Contact Information
Thomas Bailey: [email protected]
URL for the Practice Guide:
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides/
NCPR website: http://www.postsecondaryresearch.org
CCRC website: http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu
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The Obama Administration and Reforming High School Education
Cecilia RouseMember, Council of Economic Advisers
September 29, 2009
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The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
• Expands Pell Grants:– Adds $15.8 million in Federal Pell Grants through FY 2011, with a
maximum grant of $4,860 for a student in 2009-2010.– Adds $200 million in Federal Work-Study program funding through
FY 2011.
• The American Opportunity Credit – Expands the Hope Credit to up to $2,500 per student per year.– Expands eligibility to individuals making up to $80,000 AGI
($160,000 for married couples).
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“I'll simplify the financial aid application process so that we don't have a million students who aren't applying for aid because it's too difficult.”
– President Barack Obama
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“You basically have to have a Ph.D. to figure that thing out.”
– U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan
• 16 million students apply for financial aid per year;• The form is six pages with 153 questions; more
complicated than most tax forms.• Research suggests students are hindered by the
application process.
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The Administration’s three-part plan for simplification
• Streamline the current online FAFSA.• Allow applicants to access data they have provided to
the IRS to complete the FAFSA.• Eliminate the most difficult questions from the FAFSA.
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Income AdjustmentParents of
DependentsDependent Students
Independent Students
SUBTRACTIONS FROM INCOME
Child Support Paid 1.6% 0.1% 2.1%
Taxable Earnings from Need-Based Employment
0.1% 2.6% 1.1%
Grant Aid Reported to the IRS in AGI 2.4% 3.3% 3.5%
Combat Pay 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%
ADDITIONS TO INCOME
Child Support Received 6.1% 0.1% 0.4%
Living Allowances for Military, Clergy, Others
1.0% 0.1% 0.8%
VA Non-Education Benefits 0.6% 0.0% 0.8%
Other Untaxed Income 2.2% 0.2% 1.9%
Reporting of Non-IRS Subtractions fromand Additions to Income by 2009-10 Applicants
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All DependentsIndependents
without DependentsIndependents
with Dependents
Create Asset Limitation
0.98 0.97 0.99 0.997
Create Asset Limitation
and Eliminate Certain Income
Adjustments
0.85 0.83 0.85 0.91
Correlation of Pell Grant Awards between the Current Formula and Proposed Formula
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Change in Pell Awards by Dependency Status, Dropping All Non-IRS Financial Questions
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percent of Pell Recipients
Decreases by more than $250
Remains within +/- $250
Increases by more than $250
Independentswithout Dependents(19% of total)
Dependents(38% of total)
Independentswith Dependents (42% of total)
All Pell Recipients
Note: Sample consists of students who are eligible for a Pell grant under the current formula or the revised formula. The figures do not include changes to aid awards based upon information that is reported incorrectly.
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The High School Graduation Initiative
• The President’s FY 2010 budget proposal included $50 million for the High School Graduation Initiative.
• It would support grants to local educational agencies to implement proven strategies for reducing the number of students who drop out before completing secondary school and for assisting youth to reenter school after they have dropped out.
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The House Recently Passed the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2009
• Starting in 2011, increases the maximum Pell Grant amount by CPI plus 1%, raising the maximum grant to $5,550 in 2010 and $6,900 in 2019.
• Lowers interest rates on need-based loans; expands access to Perkins loans.
• Simplifies FAFSA forms.
• Creates a new Community College Challenge Grant program and the American Graduation Initiative both aimed at increasing completion by (e.g.,) improving transfer rates, industry partnerships, enhancing support services, building links with high schools.
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SEE Forum
“Pathways to College”
Mel Riddile, Ed.D
Associate Director, NASSP
2006 National High School Principal
of the Year
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1. College-level Curriculum
“ACT: Forgotten Middle” “On the Front Lines of Schools” “Time To Act” Learner Readiness
Skills Literacy Algebra
6-year plan By 7th Grade
Externally Moderated Courses AP IB Dual Enrollment
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2. On-Target
Diagnostic Assessments Reading
Lexiles Reader > Text > Occupation
Writing Community College Placement Exams College Placement Exams
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2. On-Target
Course content to standards
Customization
ILP
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3. Support System
AVID
College Partnership
College visits
School to college agreements
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4. Critical Steps
Systemic Awareness Plan “Invite don't announce!”
Hands-on PSAT SAT Prep SAT SAT "brush-up" Application Career Centers
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5. Financial Awareness
Systemic Awareness
Workshops
Online resources
Scholarship Fund
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Contact Us:SEE FORUMS
American Institutes for Research1000 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW
Washington, DC Attn: Becki [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.seeforums.org