pathway to low emission power generation using fossil fuels : an eu technology perspective
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Pathway to Low Emission Power Generation using Fossil Fuels : an EU Technology Perspective. Nick Otter. International Workshop on “Power Generation with CCS in India” Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India 22 nd January 2008. Power Generation: Equipment & Service. Key figures 2006/07:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pathway to Low Emission Power Generation using Fossil Fuels
: an EU Technology Perspective
Nick Otter
International Workshop on “Power Generation with CCS in India”
Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India
22nd January 2008
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 2
Power Generation: Equipment & Service
Key figures 2006/07:
• Orders: €13.6 bn
• Sales: €8.9 bn
• Operating margin: 8 %
• Employees: 40,000
an international company trading worldwide
a strong and growing presence in India
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 3
Agenda
1st topic the importance of the issue
2nd topic the technologies involved
3rd topic a consensus view within Europe
4th topic some concluding remarks
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 4
Agenda
1st topic the importance of the issue
2nd topic the technologies involved
3rd topic a consensus view within Europe
4th topic some concluding remarks
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 5
CO2 emission targets cannot be achieved without CCS
Global Energy Demand and Renewable Energy
?
• Rising energy demand cannot be met by Renewables alone
• CO2 reduction targets can’t be met by Renewables & energy efficiency alone
• CCS could reduce CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050
CCS is a key solution for combating climate change, within a portfolio of solutions
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 6
Agenda
1st topic the importance of the issue
2nd topic the technologies involved
3rd topic a consensus view within Europe
4th topic some concluding remarks
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 7
Pathway to zero emission fossil fuel power
CarbonReduction
Time
Zero EmissionsTarget
Near-term Mid-term Long-term
High efficiency plant, one key element of zero emission
power generation
Framework/Market?Policy/Regulation?Geography?
Capture ready concept90%
20%
Storage of CO2
EnhancedOil Recovery
an integrated approach to “zero emission”
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 8
CO2 impact of efficiency increase
- 35% CO2- 35% CO2
Status of Technology
Worldwide Average
- 42%- 42%
Advanced SteamPower Plant (700°C)
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 9
Power Plant with CO2 Capture
PipelineUndergroun
dStorage
CO2 CO2
Process Chain of Carbon Capture and Storage
Saline Aquifers
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Storage Options
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 10
Carbon Capture Technologies
• Accepted need for a portfolio approach
• All technologies need to be addressed
• Retrofit and new plant application
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 11
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
CoE
($
/ M
Wh
net)
IGCC with Capture
SCPC with Ammonia Capture
Oxy PC SCPC without Capture
IGCC without Capture
SCPC with Advanced Amine
Capture
Oxy CFB
Cost discovery zone
Carbon capture technology comparison
A portfolio of technologies must be validated at large scale
** Based on a 400 MWnet design, versus 650 Mwnet for other technologies
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 12
CO2 Transport and Storage
Key Issues
Infrastructure Requirement
Cost Reduction
Public Acceptance
Safe and Effective Storage
Developing the Legal, Regulatory & Fiscal Framework
Safety and acceptance of CO2 storage
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 13
Agenda
1st topic the importance of the topic
2nd topic the technologies involved
3rd topic a consensus view within Europe
4th topic some concluding remarks
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 14
4th October 2007 ZEP Overview OTTER IFP CCS Conference Paris 4
ETP ZEP :Set-up and Vision
• Primary task to set and implement strategic research agenda (SRA) and deployment document (SDD) as a major European action
• Advisory Council formed in June 2005, updated June 2007 : individuals represent
– 6 Generators: E.ON, Endesa, Enel, Energi E2, RWE, Vattenfall – 6 Equipment suppliers: Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler, Doosan
Babcock, Siemens– 5 Oil and Gas: BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger– 6 Research: BGS, CIRCE, IFP, Polish CMI, GEUS, TU-Hamburg– 3 NGOs: Bellona, E3G, WWF– 1 Financeer: Morgan Stanley– Chair: Kurt Haege/Vattenfall Vice-Chairs: Olivier Appert/IFP, Gardiner Hill/BP, Charles
Soothill/ALSTOM, Frederic Hauge/Bellona
• Formally launched : 1st December 2005
• First General Assembly, Brussels : 12-13th December 2006• Second General Assembly, Paris : 3rd October 2007
The Vision: To enable European fossil fuel power plants to have zero emission of CO2 by 2020.
MAJOR EUROPEAN ACTION
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 15
21st January 2008 ZEP Overview OTTER EU India CCT WG Delhi India 5
ZEP Advisory Council
TaskforceDemo&Implementation
Taskforce Technology
Taskforce Policy&Regulation
TaskforcePublic Communication
Coordination Group Secretariat
Government Group
IMPLEMENTATION OF SRA AND SDD
SRA : Strategic Research Agenda SDD : Strategic Deployment Document
ETP ZEP :Organisation and Support
High level of commitment and support from ~200 individuals in 19 countries
57% industry, 39% research, 4% NGOs
Government Group
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 16
21st January 2008 ZEP Overview OTTER EU India CCT WG Delhi India 7
ETP ZEP :Strategic Recommendations
• Urgently implement 10-12 integrated large scale CCS demonstration projects EU-wide
• Establish a robust technology action across whole of CO2 chain
• Kick start the CO2 value chain with urgent short and long term commercial incentives
• Establish a regulatory framework for storage
• Gain public support through a comprehensive public information campaign
SRA : set a major R&D action to reduce costs and risks of deployment
SDD : accelerate the market for efficient zero emission power plant
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 17
ETP ZEP :Scope of the EU Flagship Programme
Type of CO2
Infrastructure Plant
technology
Trapping mechanism
(single phase gravitational, dissolution, residual, mineral; over different
timescales)
Storage geology
(cap rock and reservoir quality, overall
properties, volume etc)
Storage type (aquifers, exhausted
petroleum structures, EGR, EOR,
CBM/ECBM)
Fuel type
Capture technology
Public perception
(factors influencing the public
acceptance)
Geographical
location
Portfolio of up to 12
demonstration plants give sufficient
confidence to do CCS at
scale
Retrofit and new plant application
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 18
7
Why an EU Flagship Programmeis essential
• Kick-start the wide-scale deployment of CCS in Europe – and beyond
• Ensure a geographical & technological spread of projects
• Avoid duplication of effort
• Ensure scope for trans-national projects
• Drive down the costs of CCS so less than the price of carbon
10
11
1 2
3
8
9
6
7
5
4
12
“A highly visible, integrated set of projects, Europe-wide”
2
1
3
“Disparate projects with no strategy for sharing”
The EU Flagship Programme
The goal: to make CCS commercially viable by 2020
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 19
21st January 2008 ZEP Overview OTTER EU India CCT WG Delhi India 13
ETP ZEP :Urgency of issue – no time to lose
2007 20252010 2015
Demo plants with storage
Commercialplants
Infrastructure
Learningperiod
Construction and/or
retrofitting of the
commercially viable demo
plants (4 yrs)
Include CCS under ETS
Design, develop & get local permits
2012
Change legislation
Defin
e E
U fl
ag-
ship
pro
gra
mm
e
Finish design
and start construc-
tionLocal
permitting process
Permitting of pipeline infrastructure (+/ -5
yrs)
Construction of mainpipe line infrastructure
(3 to 5 years)
Design of new plants
Implement pro-gram
2020
Defin
e E
U
infr
ast
ruct
ure
Pro
duce
E
U
infr
ast
ruct
ure
pla
n
New plants could
be made “cap-ture
ready”
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 20
Agenda
1st topic the importance of the issue
2nd topic the technologies involved
3rd topic a consensus view within Europe
4th topic some concluding remarks
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 21
Industry getting ready ………… many projects being announced …… but the right regulatory
and fiscal conditions needed
…………industry oriented actions
Acknowledgement to RWE, EON, SSE, NUON, Vattenfall, TOTAL,
Statoil
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 22
…….. preparing the way forward via CO2 “Capture Ready” Plant
Improve gas clean upOr possibility to add cleaning
Provisions for steam extractionsIncluding provisions for adding stagesIn the IP cylinder of the steam turbine
Control system adaptation
Provisions in arrangement planning
Provision for auxiliaryPower consumption
OptimisationOf the cooling systemRecovery of heat in the CO2 capture and compression
Optimisation of theBoiler surfaces accordingModifications of the heat load sharing
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 23
……….. compliant with multi-pollutant control
• Integrated APC system based around commercially proven and reliable technologies
• Uses readily available reagents
• Produces reusable byproduct(s)
• Superior cost/performance ratio:−Extremely compact design−Fewer moving parts reduces maintenance −Superior environmental performance
• Targeted emissions levels:−SO2: 0.02 lb/MMBTU (> 99.5%)−Hg: 1.0 lb/TBTU (> 90%)−PM: 0.01 lb/MMBTU (99.99%)−NOx: 0.05 lb/MMBTU w/SCR
Controls SOx, PM10/PM2.5 Mercury & NOx
Not just CO2
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 24
Construction
….. overall system performance and reliability
Air Preheater
Mills
Low NOx Systems - LNCFS - TFS 2000TM
- Fuel Switching
Burner NOx Retrofits- RSFC™- P2™
Research andDevelopment- Air Modeling Capabilities- CFD Modeling
Environmental Systems- SNCR- FGD- Precipitators- Scrubbers
Transformer
Steam Turbine
ExisitingFGD
ExistingStack
2 stageCooling
Chiller
CO2Absorber
Regenerator
HX
CO2
HPPump
Wash
Wash
Reboiler
Schematic of Ammonia-based CO2 Capture System
Flue Gas
Water
Rich Slurry
Lean Slurry
CO2
Flue Gas
Purge
Lean AC
Rich ABC
120F
35F
Cooling & Cleaning of FG CO2 Absorption CO2 Regeneration
CO2 Capture
Importance of system integration : more complex plant
© ALSTOM 2007. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
An EU Perspective OTTER PG & CCS Seminar New Delhi, 22-23 January 2008 : 01/01/2007 P 25
Importance of clean use of fossil fuels, especially coal
Importance of accelerating the take-up of clean fossil
Importance of addressing issue worldwide
Clean Fossil Fuel : a critical element of portfolio to getting to a sustainable future
critical transitional issue for a sustainable energy future
an essential part of the portfolio
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