PATHOPHYSIOLOGYof

Cystolithiasis

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:

Male High Calcium diet

Age: 71 Low Oral fluid intake

History of Mild Prostatomegaly (May 15, 2008)

High Solute Load

(Beyond Kidney Capacity)

Precipitation of Crystals

Formation of Renal Calculi

Renal Calculi travel to bladder through the ureter

Build up of Calculi into bigger Bladder Stones

Build up of Calculi into bigger Bladder Stones

Irritation of Bladder Mucosa Pain Narrowing of Urine Clearance

Urine Stasis

Hematuria Increased BP Decreased Bladder

Impaired Renal Function Urine Output Distention Incontinence Frequency

Rupture

Kidney Failure

Bleeding

Sepsis

Hypovolemia

Multiple Organ Failure Low Cardiac Output

Low oxygen supply to vital organs and peripheries

DEATH

Legend:

- Contributing Factors

- Disease Process

- Clinical Manifestation

- Leads to

- If not treated, leads to