pat bradley permitting 071309
TRANSCRIPT
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NPDES Watershed-Based
Permitting
Patrick BradleyLimnoTech
July 13, 2009
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What Is Watershed-Based
Permitting (WBP)?An approach/process to NPDES
permitting that results in permits: Issued on a watershed basis
Focused on multiple pollutant sources
Targeted to achieve watershed goals Integrate permit development among monitoring,
water quality standards, TMDL, nonpoint sources,
source water protection and other programs
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Wet Weather Discharge
Control Programs
NPDES Program:Stormwater, CSOs,
SSOs, POTWs
Non-
PointSources
Endangered
Species Act
Safe
Drinking
Water Act
Others
like
CERCLA
TMDLsLocal
Regulations
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March4,2002 CWEA 5
Common Features of Local Programs
(Pre-Treatment, Stormwater, CSOs, SSOs)
Problem Assessment
Monitoring
Investigation
Alternatives Assessment
Priority Setting
Funding
Legal Authority
Setting Priorities
Technology and Water
Quality Components
Watershed Specific
Environmental Outcomes
Public Education
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Who Initiates a Watershed-Based
Permitting Approach?
Leadership can come from any level
Permitting authority
Point sources
Watershed organization
Requires support of Permitting
Authority and EPA Regional Office
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Step 1: Def ine theStep 1: Def ine t he
Watershed BoundariesWatershed Boundaries
Step 2: I dent ify and EngageStep 2: I dent ify and EngageStakeholdersStakeholders
Step 3: Analyze Wat ershedStep 3: Analyze Wat ershed
DataDataStep 4: Develop Perm itStep 4: Develop Perm it
ConditionsConditions
Step 5: I ssue WatershedStep 5: I ssue Watershed--Based NPDESBased NPDES Permit(sPermit(s))
Step 6: Measure andStep 6: Measure and
Report ProgressReport Progress
Basic Steps t o WBP
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Types of Watershed-Based
PermitsIndividual Permit for Multiple Permitees
Integrated Individual Permit
Coordinated Individual Permits(Synchronized Permits)
Watershed-based General Permits
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Case Studies Individual permits for multiple permittees
Long Island Sound Watershed, CT Neuse River, NC
Virginia Chesapeake Bay
Integrated Individual Permits Clean Water Services, OR
Coordinated Individual Permits
Lower Boise River watershed, IDWatershed-based General Permit
Big Darby Creek Watershed, OH
Michigan Statewide Watershed-based MS4 Stormwater GeneralPermit
Statewide approaches North Carolina Statewide Approach
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Connecticut Long Island Sound
2001 bi-state (CT and NY) nitrogen TMDL addressesseasonal hypoxia
64 percent reduction by 2014
Nitrogen trading as an option
2001 CT legislation established Nitrogen Credit Exchange
Program framework General permit for nitrogen
Focused on POTWs
Clean Water Fund Provides financial assistance for nitrogen removal projects
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Connecticut Long Island Sound (cont.)
Establishes annual discharge limits and equivalency factors for 79POTWs
CT DEP buys and sells credits to facilitate compliance
Permit limits ratchet down every year
Removed 14,921 equivalent pounds of TN/day from 29 facilities
by the end of 2006 Anticipated achievement of the TMDL reduction targets on
schedule
Limited availability of Clean Water Funds to support nitrogenremoval projects
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0.14
0.18
1.00
0.32
0.46
0.17
0.19
0.11
0.93
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Watershed Permitting and
Nutrient Trading
MikeTempletonMikeTempletonNorthCarolinaDivisionofWaterNorthCarolinaDivisionofWater
QualityQuality
US EPA2008 Permit Writers
Workshop
July9,2008NCTC,Shepherdstown,WV
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North Carolinas RiverNorth Carolinas River
BasinsBasins
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Neuse River Basin
Durham
Raleigh
Cary
Wilson
GoldsboroKinston
New Bern
Havelock
Falls Lake
Pamlico Sound
Smithfield
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Neuse Nutrient Mgmt Strategy
Goal: 30% TN Reduction by 2003
Riparian Area Protection (buffers)
Urban Stormwater
AgricultureNutrient (Fertilizer) Management
Wastewater Discharges (PSs)
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Individual Permits
Remain in effectMembers deemed in compliance with TN limits
Group PermitOverlay permit for Association and members
Governs nitrogen only
Group Compliance Approach
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Group Permit - Compliance
If Association meets its TN limit,
Association is in compliance, andall members are deemed in compliance
If Association exceeds its TN limit,Association is in violation of permit and must
make offset payment, and
members > individual allocations are in
violation
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NRCA Performance, 1995-2007
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0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
1
995
1
996
1
997
1
998
1
999
2
000
2
001
2
002
2
003
2
004
2
005
2
006
2
007
TN
toEstu
ary(MMl
b/yr
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
AverageDa
ilyFlows(MGD
Limit (lb/yr)
Flows (MGD)
Estuary Load (lb/yr)
Allocation (lb/yr)
74% reduction atestuary since 1995
41% of estuary
allocation, 2007
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Challenges
Legal Considerations
Communication of New Concepts
Basin-wide PerspectiveAllocation v. Limit
Reserve v. Active Allocation
Discharge v. Delivered
Limited Resources
Time and MoneyOptions for PS-NPS Trading
Tools To Predict and Track NPS Results
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Mass Limits
MassCap
Flow Conc.
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Clean Water Services, Oregon
4 WWTPs: 71 MGD dry weather capacity, total
Discharge can be 50% of receiving water (66% w/flowaugmentation) during low flow months
Own rights to stored water in Hagg Lake
Rock Creek
Durham
Forest Grove
Hillsboro
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DurhamNPDES
RCNPDES
HillsboroNPDES
FGNPDES 1200-C 1200-Z
MS4
Watershed-based,Integrated Municipal
NPDES Permit
Issued February 26, 2004(The 1st in the Nation !)
IGA w/
DEQ
CWSCWSs NPDES Permits NPDES Permit
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Temperature Reduction Options
Reduce influent wastewater temperature
Remove discharge from Tualatin River
Mechanical Cooling/Refrigeration of discharge
Trade Heat Load for Flow Augmentation and IncreasedShading
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Over the 5-year term of permit,
CWS will
1. Release 30 cfs/d stored water in July and August
2. Shade roughly 35 miles of tributary riparian area Shading requirement is based on a 2:1 trading ratio
To date, have over 9 miles planted
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Watershed Perspective
Tension between objectives
Enhancement of riparian corridors Increase in wildlife populations
Reduction in bacteria levels
DNA T ki S f
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Stream Bacteria Sources
All Sites
653 Isolates
Avian
47%
Rodent
16%
Canine
14%
Human
6%
Wildlife
7%
Feline
1%
Unknown
9%
DNA Tracking Sources of
Bacteria
DNA T ki S f B i i
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Stormwater Bacteria
Sources
All Sites
271 Isolates
Avian
58%
Rodent
17%
Canine10%
Wildlife
4%
Feline2%
Unknown
9%
DNA Tracking Sources of Bacteria in
Stormwater
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Watershed Approach
Provides a framework for evaluating water quality
related issues in a comprehensive, prioritized manner
Convergence of regulatory frameworks
CSO vs. SSO
3-4/yr vs. 0WWTF vs. MS4
Tech-based vs. BMP
Grey vs. Green Concrete & steel vs. plants
Cl W S i F
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Clean Water Services Future
Areas of InterestSupporting the efforts to expand WQ trading
activities to other watershedsSupporting the development and expansion of
conservation markets in Oregon
Supporting the concept of collaborativeconservation
Breaking down the institutional barriers thatcurrently are impeding progress
Th k h d
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The key watershed
messagesThink outside the conventional regulatory
framework
Look for non-traditional partnership
opportunities
Spend the resources where they do the greatestgood
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Ecosystem Services
Aquatic habitatintegrity/
productivity
Carbonsequestration
Terrestrialhabitat
integrity/productivity
Nutrient/urbanrun-off
treatment
Floodmanagement
Recreation
Air Purification
Property ValueIncrease
ThermalRegulation
Pollination
Species stabilityand diversity
GroundwaterRecharge
ErosionControl
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Conclusions
Integrated Water Resources Management
Water is Water
Prioritization
Comprehensive, Innovative Solutions
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Thank you
Patrick Bradley
Heather Bourne
LimnoTech
1705 DeSales Street, NW, Suite 600
Washington, D.C. 20036
Tel. [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]