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Past Present and Future of Public Space INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ART, ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN Bologna, Italy, 25-‐27 June 2014

PROJECT COORDINATOR Luisa Bravo Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Margaret Crawford University of California Berkeley, USA Marc Crunelle Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Mirko Guaralda Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Maria Hadjisoteriou University of Nicosia, Cyprus Nilly R. Harag Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem, Israel Karin Hofert Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Konstantinos Ioannidis University of Stavanger, Norway Richard Ingersoll Syracuse University in Florence, Italy José Manuel Madrigal Lebanese American University, Lebanon Roberto Mingucci Università di Bologna, Italy Valentina Orioli Università di Bologna, Italy Piero Orlandi Institute of Cultural Heritage, Emilia-‐Romagna Region, Italy Angela Petrou University of Nicosia, Cyprus Joaquim Sabaté Bel Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Rania Sassine Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts, Lebanon Claudio Sgarbi Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Hendrik Tieben Chinese University of Hong Kong, China STEERING COMMITTEE Luisa Bravo Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy Antonio Caperna International Society of Biourbanism, Rome, Italy Giuseppe De Luca Università degli studi di Firenze, Italy Pietro Garau Biennale dello Spazio Pubblico, Italy Manfredo Manfredini University of Auckland, New Zealand Saverio Mecca Università degli studi di Firenze, Italy Raffaele Milani Laboratorio di ricerca sulle città, Università di Bologna, Italy Pierluigi Molteni Accademia Belle Arti di Bologna, Italy Raffaella Radoccia Biennale dello Spazio Pubblico, Italy ORGANIZING STAFF | Charter Members and Councilors of City Space Architecture Camilla Carmagnini, Valerio Francia, Simone Garagnani VOLUNTEERS | Members of City Space Architecture Danilo Calza, Olimpia Cermasi, Eleonora Fabrizio, Simone Fenu, Alessia Francia, Luca Poni, Silvia Tagliazucchi, Ivo Tudgiarov, Francesca Zoboli

CONFERENCE PROGRAMMEPAST PRESENT AND FUTURE OF PUBLIC SPACEINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ART, ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN

9.00am -‐ 9.30amARCHIGINNASIO

Stabat Mater Main Hall Municipality of Bologna

9.30am -‐ 10.00am OPENING CEREMONYWelcome remarks by University of Bologna and Municipality of Bologna

WELCOME ADDRESSLuisa Bravo, Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy

10.00am -‐ 10.40am KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SpainUrban visions for the architectural project of public space

10.40am -‐ 11.20am Hendrik Tieben, School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

11.20am -‐ 11.45am

11.45am -‐ 12.30pm Darko Radovic, co+labo, Department of Systems Design Engineering, Keio University, JapanPublic-‐private interface? The challenges from Japan, Asia and the times of globalisation

12.30pm -‐ 1.15pm Miriam Roure, SENSEable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USASoft Infrastructure

1.15pm -‐ 2.40pmARCHIGINNASIOQuadriportico ground floor

3.00pm -‐ 6.00pm EUROPA CINEMA INTRODUCTIONLuisa Bravo, Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy

Short movie: I TWEETMario Parruccini, director

Short movie: SOTTO CASA (Right in front)Alessio Lauria, director

MODERATORValerio Francia, Charter Member of City Space Architecture, Italy

Short movie: BEYOND THE IDEAL CITYLuisa Bravo, Valerio Francia, City Space Architeture, ItalyValentina Fini, Ottagono.com, ItalyAnna Di Martino, Cineteca di Bologna, Italy

Short movie: A ROAD AS A STREETAlvaro Domingues, Universidade do Porto, Portugal

Short movie: MAGIC CARPETHendrik Tieben, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ChinaMin Jay Kang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Short movie: LUX-‐CITY. Instant Urbanity and Public SpaceManfredo Manfredini, University of Auckland, New Zealand

6.00pm -‐ 7.30pm GUIDED TOUR

7.30pm-‐ 9.30pm PALAZZO MALVASIAterrace

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25th 2014 -‐ morning

Lunch

Coffee break

Arrival and registration

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Researching Urban Space. A Perspective from Hong Kong

SESSION 1

Estanislau Roca Blanch and Miquel Marti

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25th 2014 -‐ afternoon

SOCIAL EVENT: Welcoming reception

SESSION 2

with Pierluigi Molteni, Antonio Iascone, Mario Piccinini, Fabio Mantovani, Francesco Satta

Public spaces in the historic city of Bologna


8.30am -‐ 9.00am

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE,

University of Bologna

9.00am -‐ 9.30am Main Hall WELCOME ADDRESSPier Paolo Diotallevi, President of the School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Bologna Valentina Orioli, Department of Architecture, University of Bologna, ItalyLuisa Bravo, Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy

9.30am -‐ 10.15am Main Hall LECTURESRaffaele Milani, Laboratorio di ricerca sulle città, University of Bologna, ItalyNature and the cityEttore Maria Mazzola, University of Notre Dame in Rome, USARegenerate suburban districts. Proposal for the “ground-‐scraper” Corviale in Rome

10.15am -‐ 11.45am SPECIAL PARALLEL SESSIONSLecture Hall 2.8

Jose Manuel Pages Madrigal, Lebanese American University, LebanonRania Sassine, Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts, LebanonNilly R. Harag, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, IsraelMaria Hadjisoteriou, Angela Petrou, University of Nicosia, CyprusSenada Demirovic, City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Lecture Hall 2.5curated by Stefano Serafini and Antonio Caperna, International Society of Biourbanism, ItalyEleni Tracada, University of Derby, UK

Menno Cramer, University of Sheffield, UKBiourbanism and Design: Physiology and Psychology

Katherine Donaghy, Innovation Centre, University College Roosevelt, UKSocial behaviour in public spaces, a biourban perspective

Lecture Hall 2.4curated by Piero Orlandi, Institute of Cultural Heritage of Emilia-‐Romagna Region (IBC), Italyand Mario Piccinini, National Institute for Urban Planners (INU), ItalyPiero Orlandi, Institute of Cultural Heritage of Emilia-‐Romagna Region (IBC), Italy

La Piazza di Pian di Macina a PianoroStefano Storchi, National Association of Historical Centres (ANCSA), Italy

Spazio pubblico nel PEEP Montebello a ParmaGiovanni Zaffagnini, Photographer

Il giardino pubblico di Palazzo Piancastelli a FusignanoFederica Terenzi, Associazione Centotrecento, Bologna, Italy

Via Centotrecento, BolognaGiuseppe Stanzani, Chiesa di Santa Teresa del Voto, Bologna, Italy

La chiesa di S. Teresa del Voto a Bologna

curated by Raffaella Inglese, CNBA President

11.45am -‐ 12.15pm Outside gazebo

SS04 -‐ National Council of Architectural Libraries (CNBA) Boarding meeting (for members only) Department of Architecture Library

(postponed at 3.00pm)

SESSION 3

Urban fabric and emergent architecture following the rules of social historical hindexes-‐hidden agenda in urban sprawl

Coffee break

SS01 -‐ Space, identity and conflicts

SS02 -‐ Neuroergonomics and urban environment. Biourbanism for a human-‐centered sustainable design

SS03 -‐ Spontaneous Interventions in Emilia-‐Romagna Region (in Italian)

THURSDAY, JUNE 26th 2014 -‐ morning



12.15pm -‐ 2.00pm PARALLEL SESSIONSLecture Hall 2.3 Morphology and Design A1 -‐ morning Chair: Antonio Caperna

Historic patterns: conservation and sustainability Discussant: Stefano SerafiniPapers: A108 -‐ A109 -‐ A111

Lecture Hall 2.4 Morphology and Design A2 -‐ morning Chair: Simone GaragnaniSuburban world Discussant: Claudio SgarbiPapers: A219 -‐ A230 -‐ A231 -‐ A235 -‐ A238

Lecture Hall 2.5 Morphology and Design A3 -‐ morning Chair: Josè Manuel MadrigalWalkability, cycalbility, green corridors Discussant: Philip CrowtherPapers: A322 -‐ A325 -‐ A332 -‐ A449

Main Hall Morphology and Design A4 -‐ morning Chair: Miquel MartiQuality of Architecture and Urban Design Discussant: Estanislau Roca BlanchPapers: A406 -‐ A416 -‐ A417 -‐ A418 -‐ A423 -‐ A444

Lecture Hall 2.7B Multidisciplinary Fields B1 -‐ morning Chair: Hendrik TiebenPublic life from a phenomenological approach Discussant: Rania SassinePapers: B117 -‐ B119

Lecture Hall 2.6 Multidisciplinary Fields B2 -‐ morning Chair: Raffaele MilaniPerception and senses in the urban space Discussant: Mirko GuaraldaPapers: B201 -‐ B203 -‐ B210

Lecture Hall 2.9 Multidisciplinary Fields B3-‐4 -‐ morning Chair: Valentina OrioliCity and food / Urban agriculture Discussant: Min Jay KangPapers: B406 -‐ B312 -‐ B322 -‐ B423

Lecture Hall 2.8 New approaches C1 -‐ morning Chair: Maria HadjisoteriouPublics and their spaces Discussant: Angela PetrouPapers: C106 -‐ C107 -‐ C109 -‐ C110 . C116

Lecture Hall 3.4 New approaches C2-‐3 -‐ morning Chair: Manfredo ManfrediniLighter, quicker, cheaper interventions Discussant: Darko RadovicCity as a common goodPapers: C214 -‐ C224 -‐ C315 -‐ C322 -‐ C333

Lecture Hall 3.6 New approaches C4 -‐ morning Chair: Nilly R. HaragMapping the commons Discussant: Miriam RourePapers: C331 -‐ C405 -‐ C417 -‐ C423

2.00pm -‐ 3.30pm Outside gazebo Lunch

THURSDAY, JUNE 26th 2014 -‐ morning

SESSION 3


3.30pm -‐ 4.30pm Main Hall LECTURESAntonio Caperna, International Society of Biourbanism, ItalyBiourbanism as new framework for smart cities studiesSimone Garagnani, University of Bologna, Italy | Charter member and Vice President of City Space ArchitectureNew languages in the public realm: hic svnt leonesLuigi Nardacchione, Social StreetSocial Street in Bologna, Italy

4.30pm -‐ 6.30pm SPECIAL PARALLEL SESSIONSLecture Hall 2.9

L’apporto e le prospettive del riuso temporaneo nelle pratiche di rigenerazione sociale e urbanacurated by Luciano Vecchi, Department of Urban Quality and Housing, Emilia-‐Romagna Region, ItalyFrancesca Proni, Leonardo Rossi, Cristina Garavelli, Municipality of Ravenna, Italy

Le opportunità delle iniziative del riuso temporaneo per l’attuazione del POC Darsena di RavennaMaurizio Bonizzi, ufficio x l'architettura, Italy

L’organizzazione e le modalità per le pratiche di riuso temporaneo nelle esperienze di FerraraAntonio Gentile, Werther Albertazzi, Planimetrie Culturali, Bologna, Italy

Le pratiche di riciclaggio urbano a Bologna: limiti e potenzialità. Indicazioni per una proposta di leggeAndrea Costi, Freelance Architect

Strumenti e percorsi operativi per la rigenerazione dell’isolato di via Carteria a Modena

Lecture Hall 2.4Attivazioni: strategie leggere di rigenerazione urbana partecipatacurated by Raffaella Radoccia and Chiara Pignaris, Italian National Institute for Urban Planners, ItalyMili Romano, Academy of Fine Arts, Bologna, Italy

Cuore di pietraSilvia Givone, Cristian Pardossi, pop-‐up association

Pop_up Castelfranco, apriamo la cittàMassimiliano Scuderi, DECA Master, University of Sassari, Italy

Going publicPatrizia di Monte, Gravalosdimonte Architects

Estonoesunsolar: spazi pubblici temporali per una città riciclataRosita Izzo, National Institute for Urban Planners (INU), Alto Adige chapter, Italy

Nuovo spazio pubblico nella città inclusivaAntonio di Campli, Università di Camerino, School of Architecture and Design

Proximity strategies and urban regeneration issues in GenevaEmilia Fino, Alessandro Feragalli, Municipality of Pescara

Orti urbani come presidio di nuova rigenerazione a PescaraRossella Amato, Chiara Bagnetti, Maria Paola Lapegna, Provincia di Terni

Le azioni pilota del progetto MODELANDLucia Lancerin, Laboratorio Città

Dire e fare Via Cardan insieme

Outside gazebo

curated by Agnieszka Mlicka, PhD Candidate in Art and Architecture, University of the Arts, Londonwith the participation of the members of the Social Street, Bologna, Italy

PARALLEL SESSIONSLecture Hall 2.3 Morphology and Design A1 -‐ afternoon Chair: Angela Petrou

Historic patterns: conservation and sustainability Discussant: Stefano SerafiniPapers: A113 -‐ A115 -‐ A120 -‐ A121 -‐ A139

Main Hall Morphology and Design A4 -‐ afternoon Chair: Estanislau Roca BlanchQuality of Architecture and urban design Discussant: Miquel MartiPapers: A426 -‐ A427 -‐ A428 -‐ A429 -‐ A446 -‐ A448

Lecture Hall 2.6 Multidisciplinary Fields B2 -‐ afternoon Chair: Hendrik TiebenPerception and senses in the urban space Discussant: Rania SassinePapers: B211 -‐ B220 -‐ B204 -‐ B224

Lecture Hall 2.8 New approaches C1 -‐ afternoon Chair: Valentina OrioliPublics and their spaces Discussant: Maria HadjisoteriouPapers: C113 -‐ C118 -‐ C120 -‐ C126 -‐ C127

Lecture Hall 2.7B Emeging trends D1-‐3-‐4 -‐ afternoon Chair: Mirko GuaraldaUrban hacking / Smart cities Discussant: Miriam RoureUrban happiness and well-‐beingPapers: D105 -‐ C212 -‐ C132 -‐ D403 -‐ D404 -‐ D102

Lecture Hall 2.5 Emerging trends D2 -‐ afternoon Chair: Claudio SgarbiNew languages in the public realm Discussant: Simone GaragnaniPapers: D208 -‐ D209 -‐ D212 -‐ D214 -‐ D415

8.30pm -‐ 11.30pm I PORTICI HOTEL Teatro Eden

SS06 -‐ The 'Biennale dello Spazio Pubblico' in Rome (in Italian)

SS07 -‐ Workshop | Re-‐appropriation of public space | Bologna: da città di vicini a città di vicinati (in Italian)

SESSION 4

SOCIAL EVENT: Conference dinner

THURSDAY, JUNE 26th 2014 -‐ afternoon

SS05 -‐ Experiences of temporary use and social regeneration in the Emilia-‐Romagna Region (in Italian)


9.30am -‐ 10.00amAUDITORIUM BIAGI

Sala BorsaMunicipality of Bologna

10.00am -‐ 11.30am INTRODUCTIONLuisa Bravo, Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy

SPECIAL SESSION

Giovanni Ginocchini, Urban Center BolognaBologna as a case study

Patrizia Gabellini, Councillor for Urban Planning, Municipality of Bologna, ItalyProgrammes for a pedestrian friendly city centre

Adelfo Zaccanti, Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna, ItalyThe renewal program "Bella Fuori" and the new participative rules for commons care

Teresa Guerra, Fondazione Villa Ghigi, Bologna, ItalyUrban Horticulture in Bologna: from tradition to new trends

11.30am -‐ 1.30pm INVITED SPEAKERSGiancarlo Cataldi, President of the International Seminar of Urban Form, University of Florence, Italy

Urban morphology as a disciplinary basis for architectural designMin Jay Kang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

The disenchanted public and the contested realmPietro Garau, Biennale dello Spazio Pubblico, Italy

A Charter of Public SpaceRichard Ingersoll, Syracuse University in Florence, Italy

Cities without people: the contemporary illusion of public space

1.30pm -‐ 2.30pm CORTILE DEGLI SVIZZERI

2.30pm -‐ 4.30pm CLOSING SESSIONReports from Parallel SessionsA1 Stefano Serafini, International Society of BiourbanismA2/D2 Claudio Sgarbi, Carleton University, CanadaA3 Philip Crowther, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaA4 Estanislau Roca Blanch, Miquel Marti, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SpainB1-‐2 Rania Sassine, Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts, LebanonB3-‐4 Valentina Orioli, University of Bologna, ItalyC1 Maria Hadjisoteriou, University of Nicosia, CyprusC2-‐3 Manfredo Manfredini, University of Auckland, New ZealandC4 Nilly Harag, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, IsraelB2/D1-‐3-‐4 Mirko Guaralda, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Reports from Parallel Special SessionsSS01 Angela Petrou, University of Nicosia, CyprusSS02 Antonio Caperna, International Society of Biourbanism, ItalySS03 Piero Orlandi, Institute of Cultural Heritage of Emilia-‐Romagna Region (IBC), Italy SS09 Agnieszka Mlicka, PhD Candidate in Art and Architecture, University of the Arts, London

CLOSING REMARKSLuisa Bravo

Charter Member and President of City Space Architecture, Italy

5.00pmPALAZZO PEPOLI, Museo della Storia di

Bologna

5.00pm -‐ 7.00pmPALAZZO PEPOLI, Museo della Storia di

Bologna

Lunch

SESSION 6

SS08 -‐ Bologna as a case study: new urban configurations


FRIDAY, JUNE 27th 2014 -‐ morning

FRIDAY, JUNE 27th 2014 -‐ afternoon

SESSION 5

OPENING EXHIBITION. Pop-‐up city, by Fabio Mantovani

SOCIAL EVENT: Visit to the museum


SpeakersSaverio Mecca, University of Florence, ItalyLuisa Bravo, University of Florence, ItalyEstanislau Roca Blanch, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainJosé Manuel Madrigal, Lebanese American University, LebanonHendrik Tieben, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ChinaPhilip Crowther, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AustraliaManfredo Manfredini, University of Auckland, New ZealandGiancarlo Paba, University of Florence, ItalyGiuseppe De Luca, University of Florence, Italy

Expertise, Academic Research and Designfrom Barcelona, Beirut, Hong Kong, Brisbane, Auckland, Florence

COLLATERAL EVENTS

John Dummett, PhD candidate, College of Art & Design, University of Dundee, Scotland

Camilla Carmagnini, Architect, Charter member of City Space Architecture, Italy

bAQ. Bottega Azioni Quotidiane, nonprofit collective of Architects, Florence, Italy

3.00 -‐ 7.00pm

June 28-‐29-‐30

Santa Verdiana Church, Piazza Ghiberti 27June 30 | International Symposium, University of Florence

LIVE PERFORMANCESJune 25-‐26-‐27 Agnieszka Mlicka, PhD candidate in Art and Architecture, University of the Arts, London

Part of the conference

(registration required)

INTERSECTIONS

visit to the Architecture BiennaleJune 28-‐29 | Weekend in Venice

bAQ BICI

Public Spaces. Creating a shared awareness

Facilitating Spatial Negotiation

dummyPublic

Post Conference

Past Present and Future of Public Space INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ART, ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN Bologna, Italy, 25-‐27 June 2014

PARALLEL SESSIONS Presentation and discussion

of submitted and blind peer-‐reviewed proposals June 26, 2014

School of Engineering and Architecture

University of Bologna


12.15pm -‐ 2.00pm

Lecture Hall 2.3 Morphology and Design A1 -‐ morning Chair: Antonio CapernaHistoric patterns: conservation and sustainability Discussant: Stefano Serafini

A109 Relation between public space and territory: a civic identity defined from the historySivlia Tagliazucchi

A108 The “regaining” of public spaces to enhance the historic urban landscapeCristiana Francesca Giordano, Roberto Bolici, Matteo Gambaro

A111 (Re) construction of historical memory: identity and urban re-‐valuation of the first diagonal of ChileAndrea Fernández Covarrubias, Emilio Reyes Schade, Julio Sandoval González

4.30pm -‐ 6.30pm

Lecture Hall 2.3 Morphology and Design A1 -‐ afternoon Chair: Angela PetrouHistoric patterns: conservation and sustainability Discussant: Stefano Serafini

A113 Saudi Arabian Highland Architectural Heritage (Asir Region)A. Awad, H. Mortada, M. Eissa

A115 Mediterranean public spaces from ancient genomes to new paradigmsEmanuela Nan

A120Matteo Sintini

A121Jelena Rakocija

A139 Informality as common link: morphological similarities in medieval tows and favelasVânia Raquel Teles Loureiro, Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros

PARALLEL SESSIONS

THURSDAY, JUNE 26th 2014

Ludovico Quaroni’s competition project for the urban park of Manifattura Tabacchi and Navile Park in Bologna, between conservation and urban regeneration

Landscape design project for the fortress in the center of the city -‐ Nis, Serbia

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, University of Bologna



12.15pm -‐ 2.00pm

Lecture Hall 2.4 Morphology and Design A2 -‐ morning Chair: Simone GaragnaniSuburban world Discussant: Claudio Sgarbi

A230 Suburban strategies in the mid-‐twentieth century: the case of Sorgane, FlorenceMarco Giuliotti

A231Ana Cecília Mattei de Arruda Campos

A235 The social life of gas stationsGiulio Giovannoni

A238Gianni Savarro

A219 Drosscape: a new layer in public space networkMassimo Lanzi


PARALLEL SESSIONS

Alphaville-‐Tamboré and Barra da Tijuca: private entrepreneurs structuring the public open space system

The city without agglomeration: urban identity and vernacular architecture in the recently suburbs



12.15pm -‐ 2.00pm

Lecture Hall 2.7B Multidisciplinary Fields B1 -‐ morning Chair: Hendrik TiebenPublic life from a phenomenological approach Discussant: Rania Sassine

B117 The over-‐familiar landscape that escapes to the absent-‐minded gazeMarco Mareggi

B119 Familiarization of public space by youngster; case study of Volos, “Pezoulia”Sofia Koukoura, Nikolina Tsouka


PARALLEL SESSIONS



12.15pm -‐ 2.00pm

Lecture Hall 2.6 Multidisciplinary Fields B2 -‐ morning Chair: Raffaele MilaniPerception and senses in the urban space Discussant: Mirko Guaralda

B201 Public spaces in the modernist city: investigations on Brasilia’s Public SpacesLucas Brasil Pereira

B203 aqui em bsb: postcards of BrasíliaAna Cecília Schettino, Isabella von Mühlen Brandalise, Paula Macedo César

B210 The emergence of a new public space within the private space: the case of Julfa, IsfahanParia Valizadeh

4.30pm -‐ 6.30pm

Lecture Hall 2.6 Multidisciplinary Fields B2 -‐ afternoon Chair: Hendrik TiebenPerception and senses in the urban space Discussant: Rania Sassine

B211 BRASÍLIAS POSSÍVEIS | POSSIBLE BRASILIASPaula Macedo, Rogerio Camara

B220 Urbanity and legibility at Av. Cora Coralina, Goiânia-‐GO/ Brasil, from Jane´s Walk movement Ana Carolina Carvalho Farias, Liza Maria Souza de Andrade, Gabriela de Souza Tenório

B204 Urban perceptions and public spaceMarichela Sepe

B224Margot Mecca


PARALLEL SESSIONS



Contesting public space's look and identity: aesthetics as a field of conflict between opposing interpretations of public space

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