Past Participle : Regular and Irregular

Verbs

By : Sofea, Doreen & Jeremy

• Verbs have different forms.• The different forms a verb can take include the base

form, the way it is listed in the dictionary; The form for past tense, used alone for simple past

tense The past participle, used with auxiliary verbs and

modals for different tenses The present participle, used for progressive and

perfect tenses The –s form, used for the third person singular

pronoun case

• Here is a table of the different forms of some common verbs.

• Notice that some are regular, and therefore follow rules

• Whereas others are irregulars, and their conjugations do not follow a set pattern

Base Form Past Tense Past Participle

Present Participle

-s Form

Talk Talked Talked Talking Talks

Have Had Having Having Has

Listen Listened Listened Listening Listens

Engage Engaged Engaged Engaging Engages

Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking Speaks

Rise Rose Risen Rising Rises

Run Ran Ran Running Runs

Eat Ate Eaten Eating Eats

• Regular verbs are verbs that form their past and past participle forms by adding d or ed  to the base form.

• When forming the past and past participle of regular verbs, do not make common mistake of leaving off the -d or –ed ending.

• Pay particular attention to the forms of the verbs ask, attack, drown, prejudice, risk, suppose, and use.

Example :

Nonstandard : We use to live in Bakersfield.

Standard : We used to live in Bakersfield.

• For irregular verbs, there is no formula to predict how an irregular verb will form its past-tense and past-participle forms

• There are over 250 irregular verbs in English. Although they do not follow a formula

• We use irregular verbs a lot when speaking, less when writing

Some of the examples are:

• break, broke, broken• cut, cut, cut• run, ran, run• meet, met, met• come, came, come• repay, repaid, repaid• swim, swam, swum

How to form past participle of regular verbs?

• For verbs ending in e, add d

• For one-syllable verbs ending in a vowel plus a consonant other than w, x, or y, double the last consonant and add ed.

• For some verbs ending in a vowel plus w, add ed.

• For verbs ending in a vowel plus x, add ed.

• For some verbs ending in a vowel plus y, add ed.

• For two-syllable verbs ending in a vowel plus a consonant other than w, x, or y, double the last consonant and add ed when the stress is on the last syllable.

• For verbs ending in a consonant plus y, change the y to i and add ed.

• For verbs ending in ic, change the c to ck and add ed.

• But you should note the following points: 1. Some verbs can be both regular and

irregular, for example:learn, learned, learnedlearn, learnt, learnt

• Some verbs change their meaning depending on whether they are regular or irregular, for example "to hang":

ExercisesA. Most of the following sentences contain errors in the use of past or past participle forms of verbs. If a verb form is incorect, give the correct form.

Examples : 1. Weren’t these parts over two months ago?

Answer : ordered

order

1. Oh, no, you were suppose to answer questions on both sides of the test! Answer : supposed2. You use to work for Mr. Hall’s lawn service. Answer : used3. Hadn’t she check the gas sausage? Answer : checked4. Before arriving in Santa Fe, the wagon train had survive

every sort of hardship. Answer : survived

B. Change the verbs in brackets into past tense. Some are regular and some are irregular.

Yesterday (to be) a busy day. I (wake) up at 6 a.m, (have) breakfast quickly and then I (go) to work. I (finish) at noon and then (eat) some lunch. Afterwards, I (drive) to Desa Ilmu and (buy) a pink paint and then (paint) my bedroom. After cleaning all the mess, I (feel) tired so I (eat) dinner quickly, (yawn) and (go) to bed!

was woke

had went

finished ate

drove

bought painted

felt

ate yawned

went

End Of Slide!

Thank You For Your Attention!