passive house in the mediterranean

Passive Houses in the Mediterranean Climate

Jessica Grove-SmithPassivhaus Institut ° Darmstadt, Germany

www.passiv.de

May 19th, 2009Thessaloniki

Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt: • Private research institute• Quality assurance & certification of buildings and components• Dissemination of information• Annual international conference

CONTENTS

• What is a Passive House?

• How does the concept work in the Mediterranean Climate?– Cooling– Dehumidification– Thermal mass

What is a Passive House?

A Passive House is a highly energy efficient building...

...the standard achieves high thermal comfort and indoor air quality with a minimal energy requirement

surface9°C

outside-12°C

air 21°C air

21°Csurface> 17°C

outside-12°C

Passive HouseBuilding stock

Heating system, 10 kW Small reheater, max 1 kW


How to achieve this standard......

Use the ‚pencil rule‘ to create an uninterrupted airtight

layer and thermal envelope around the building. � air-tight construction

• Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery in the winter

• Optimised solar gains

• A good building envelope

� one insulation layer

� avoid thermal bridges

In summer: limit solar

gains e.g. with

exterior blinds

heat recoveryactive bypassed


Wolfgang Feist, Darmstadt, GermanyArchitects: Bott, Ridder, Westermayer

1991: 1st Passive House


Hea

ting

ener

gy d

eman

d kW

h/(m

²a)

existing building

low-energy house

CEPHEUS Passive Houses

90%


The building has to suit the local climatic conditions!

Source: Meteotest; database Meteonorm (www.meteonorm.com)

Average annual global radiation in Europe


A note on thermal comfort...

inner comfort range

extended comfort range


A detailed study by thermal simulation


Conventional construction: Heating and cooling demands

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

35000

- M

annh

eim

01 -

Lis

bon

02 -

Por

to

03 -

Sev

ille

04 -

Mad

rid

05 -

Bor

deau

x

06 -

Car

pent

ras

07 -

Nic

e

08 -

Tor

ino

09 -

Ven

ice

10 -

Cam

pob.

11 -

Nap

les

12 -

Pal

erm

o

Hea

ting/

Coo

ling

Dem

and

[kW

h/(m

²a)]

HeatingLatent CoolingSensible Cooling

Man

nhei

m

Tor

ino

Mad

rid

Sev

ille

Pal

erm

o

Insulation wall [cm] 25 20 10 8 6 Insulation roof [cm] 35 25 25 20 20 Insulation basement [cm] 20 15 6 0 0 U window frames [W/(m²K)] 0.72 0.72 0.72 1.6 1.6 U-value glazing [W/(m²K)] 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Humidity control for cooling no yes no no yes Heating demand [kWh/(m²a)] 15.6 14.8 12.7 4.6 3.1 Sensible cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 0.8 0.4 4.2 7.2 Latent cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 2.3 0 0 7.2


Example Passive Houses for selected locations(conditioning over solely air-supply is possible)

insulated frame & double low-e glazing for

thermal comfort

construction determined by winter conditions

floor slab not insulated

significant cooling required

roof alwayswell insulated

Man

nhei

m

Tor

ino

Mad

rid

Sev

ille

Pal

erm

o

Insulation wall [cm] 25 20 10 8 6 Insulation roof [cm] 35 25 25 20 20 Insulation basement [cm] 20 15 6 0 0 U window frames [W/(m²K)] 0.72 0.72 0.72 1.6 1.6 U-value glazing [W/(m²K)] 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Humidity control for cooling no yes no no yes Heating demand [kWh/(m²a)] 15.6 14.8 12.7 4.6 3.1 Sensible cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 0.8 0.4 4.2 7.2 Latent cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 2.3 0 0 7.2



no dehumidification required


Passive Houseprototype performance in Seville during hot period

Cooling Capacity:~ 8 W/m²


Passive Housepassive cooling, light colour, night flushing, no HR

mostly sufficient,

sometimes up to 30 °C


Standard insulationpassive cooling, light colour, night flushing, no HR

up to 37 °C


Dynamics with active cooling

Seville: Existing buildingSignificant peak demands


Dynamics with active cooling

Seville: Passive House



Man

nhei

m

Tor

ino

Mad

rid

Sev

ille

Pal

erm

o

Insulation wall [cm] 25 20 10 8 6 Insulation roof [cm] 35 25 25 20 20 Insulation basement [cm] 20 15 6 0 0 U window frames [W/(m²K)] 0.72 0.72 0.72 1.6 1.6 U-value glazing [W/(m²K)] 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Humidity control for cooling no yes no no yes Heating demand [kWh/(m²a)] 15.6 14.8 12.7 4.6 3.1 Sensible cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 0.8 0.4 4.2 7.2 Latent cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 2.3 0 0 7.2 dehumidification

required!


Thermal comfort in Palermo(reference Passive House)


Cooling & dehumidification in Palermo (reference Passive House)


Nightflushing is not always a good idea

Types of Window Operation

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0S

evill

e

Mad

rid

Tor

ino

Pal

erm

o

Hea

ting

/ Coo

ling

Dem

and

[kW

h/(m

²a)]

tilt (ref.)

turn

turn w/ohumidistat

Sensible cooling

Latent cooling


The effect of thermal mass

Madrid,no coolingOperative temperature of

living room

Passive House...

...vs. no insulation


... the general principle works!

Winter• sufficient insulation: roof, walls, double low-e gl azing• more windows facing south• some thermal mass?• airtightness & mechanical ventilation with heat reco very• less relevant: floor slab, thermal bridges

Summer• solar control !!• less windows?• good insulation, especially in the roof• in hot climates: light colours• automatic heat recovery bypass• night ventilation (if possible)• some active cooling recommended for robustness

CONCLUSION

Thank you!

For further information please visit:

Passivhaus Institut - www.passiv.deIG Passivhaus - www.ig-passiv.de

Passivhaus Dienstleistung GmbH - www.passivhaus-info.de

Jessica Grove-SmithPassivhaus Institut ° Darmstadt, Germany

passive house in the mediterranean

Documents

passive housewhat

sensible cooling kwhma

latent cooling kwhma

cooling demands

heating demand kwhma

europepassive houses

thermal envelope

high thermal comfort