CNS - depressant plant

Passiflora incarnata Linn.

----Pharmacological study

Presented by

Dr. Sudhakar Kokate

Director PPRC, India

Historical background

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₪ The discovery of several thousand

years old seeds from the

archaeological sites at Virginia and

North America provide evidence of

plant use by the oriental people

₪ 1569 Spanish researcher Monardus

showed its use for the first time

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₪ Extensively used as traditional

medicine in many countries

₪ In Brazil it is used as anxiolytic,

sedative, diuretic, analgesic

₪ In Britain – 17th century it was used

as sedative, anxiolytic

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PPRC/INDIA 04

P. incarnata vine

₪ In West Indies, Mexico, Netherlands,

South America the root is used as

sedative and vermifuge

₪ In Italy it is used as anti-spasmodic

sedative

₪ In Mauritius as a remedy in insomnia,

roots as diuretic

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₪ In Argentine as anti-microbial agent

in catarrh & pneumonia

₪ In South America as a sedative,

diuretic, anti-diarrhoeal, stimulant,

tonic and anthelmintic

₪ In Madeire fruit is regarded as a

digestive stimulant

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P. incarnata leaf

₪ In Nagaland it is used for treatment

in dysentery and hypertension

₪ In La Reunion it is used in hysteria

₪ In Brazil it is used as treatment in

skin diseases, erysipelas

₪ In Germany it is used to treat

epilepsy PPRC/INDIA 08

₪ Plant is used in spasmodic disorders

and insomnia of infants and old

₪ In North America it is used as a

homeopathic medicine for insomnia

and anxiety

₪ Since ancient time Passiflora is used

as medicine all over the world

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Phyto-constituents

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Flavonoids:

∞Apigenin

∞Luteolin

∞Quercetin

∞Kaempferol

∞6-β-D allopyranosyl-8 β xylopyr-

anosyl-apigenin

∞C-glycosyl flavonoids vitexin

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Iso-vitexin:

∞Orientin

∞ Iso-orientin

∞Schaftoside

∞ Iso-schaftoside

∞ Isovitexin 2”-o-glycopyranoside

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PPRC/INDIA 14

P. incarnata fruit

Alkaloids:

∞β – carboline alkaloids

∞0.012 % harman

∞0.007 % harmine

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Misc. constituents:

∞V-benzo-pyrone derivative mattol

carbohydrates essential oil

∞Limonene

∞Lumene

∞α – pinene

∞Prezizaene PPRC/INDIA 16

Misc. constituents:

∞Zizaene

∞Zizanene

∞Amino acids 21

∞Cyanogenic glycoside gynocardin

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Pharmacological studies

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Ӿ Several groups of researchers earlier

have shown exhaustive biological

activity

Ӿ Reported CNS depressant effects

Ӿ Induced sleep, inhibit convulsions and

hyperactivity

Ӿ Several studies on mice carried out

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Ӿ These studies confirmed CNS

depressant activity but exact mode of

action is not understood

Ӿ Methanol extract of leaves of P.

incarnata reported to exhibit

significant increase in Pentobarbitol

(25 mg/kg iP) induced increase in

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time at a dose of 200 mg/kg of the

extract

Ӿ Methanol extract of leaves at a dose

of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg using 7 day

treatment regimen – significant

prevention of dyspnoea related

convulsions (at 100 mg/kg dose)

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Ӿ Anti-tussive activity against SO2

induced cough in animals by plant

extract

Ӿ Methanol extract of leaves showed

aphrodisiac effects in mice

Ӿ P. incarnata prevents chemotherapy

induced nausea & vomiting

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P. incarnata roots

Ӿ Cannabinoids increase appetite in an

AIDS patient can be made more

efficacious by addition of P. incarnata

Ӿ Extracts help in patients suffering

from anxiety, insomnia and other

allied CNS ailments

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Thank you!!

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