particulate sampling 1

7/28/2019 Particulate Sampling 1

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Particulate, Gas & Vapor

(Sampling Equipment)


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PARTICULATE


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Definitions

Aerosols the dispersion of solid or liquidparticles in the gaseous medium

Dust dispersion of solid particles in the

gaseous mediumFumes solid particles in a gaseous

medium formed by condensation of solid

materials (vapor)Smokeusually but not necessarily consist

of solid particles


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Shape, Size and Distribution

Various shape, size and density of

particulate

AED is the diameter of a unit density

sphere having the same settling velocity as

the particle concern

Polydisperse dust cloud (geometric mean

and geometric standard deviation)


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Aerodynamic Behavior In

Airstream Impaction proportional to the momentum

i.e. mass and velocity

Sedimentationproportional to its diameter

Diffusionfor particles < 0.1um


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Size Selective and Selected Area

of DepositionNasopharyngeal deposition (upper

respiratory tract)7 to 20um

Tracheobronchial (conducting airways) 5

to 7um

Alveolar region (gas exchange area) 0.5

5um


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Inhaled Dust Fractions (Sampling

Instrument)Respirable dust the dust fraction that will

penetrate to the unciliated portion of the

lungs


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Purpose of Sampling

Compliance with the requirement of the law

Health risk assessment

Epidemiological studyAssessment of control measures


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Type of Sampling

Area sampling

Personal sampling


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Type of Sample & Equipment

Total dust

Inspirable dust 7 hole sampler, IOM

sampler, close face sampler

Respirable dust BMRC horizontal

elutriator, AEC cyclone

Thoracic dust

vertical elutriatorFibersopen face sampler with cowl


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Sampling Equipment

Real timepiezobalance, dust counter etc

Non real timefiltration, impaction

(cascade impactor)


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GAS & VAPOR


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Definitions

Gasa state of matter in which a substance

completely fills the region in which it is

contained; has very low density and

viscosity; can expand and contract greatly

in response to changes in temperature and

pressure; and easily diffuses into other

gases e.g., CO, CO2, HCN, NH4, SO2,H2S, N2O, O3, Formaldehyde, phosgene,

arsine, vinyl chloride etc


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Vapour the gaseous state or form of a

substance which is normally in the liquid or

solid state at room temperature and

pressure. The liquid or solid may be

reduced to the vapor by the action of heat.

A vapor can be liquefied by a suitable

increase in pressure e.g., toluene, xylene,alcohol, C2S, benzene, carbon tetrachloride

etc


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Physiological Effects

Carcinogens vinyl chloride, benzene,

benzidine, B-napthylamine, formaldehyde

Systemic poisons C2S, parathion, hexane,

chlorinated hydrocarbon

AsphyxiationCO, CH4, HS, Na Nitrite

Irritation

acid, alkali, O3, N2O, phosgeneAnesthetic/narcosisalcohol, ketones

SensitizerTDI, formaldehyde


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Physicochemical Properties

Solubility

Melting and boiling points

Vapor pressureVapor density or relative density

Flash point


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CSDS

Physicochemical properties


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Purpose of Sampling

Compliance with the requirement of the law

Health risk assessment

Epidemiological studyAssessment of control measures


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Type of Sampling

Area sampling

Personal sampling


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Sampling Equipment

Real time

Non real time


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Sampling Equipment (examples)

Charcoal tubes with pump

Passive sampler (diffusion membrane)

Bubbler (midget impinger)MIRAN

Portable gas chromatography

Detector tubes

particulate sampling 1

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