ParticipialParticipialadjectivesadjectives

Participial AdjectivesParticipial Adjectives look like look like verbs. However, they are adjectives, verbs. However, they are adjectives,

so they so they describedescribe nouns (attributively or nouns (attributively or predicatively).predicatively).

In English there are lots of -ed In English there are lots of -ed and -ing adjectives. They are and -ing adjectives. They are

very frequently used.very frequently used.

As we know, Paco doesn’t like As we know, Paco doesn’t like flying. He has flown from the United flying. He has flown from the United

States. He flew for several hours States. He flew for several hours and he couldn’t sleep on the plane. and he couldn’t sleep on the plane.

Now he feels . . .Now he feels . . .

These adjectives describe how Paco feels.

The man of the story thinks The man of the story thinks thunderstorms are interesting. His thunderstorms are interesting. His

experience when he was a child experience when he was a child was excitingwas exciting

These adjectives describe the nouns These adjectives describe the nouns “thunderstorms” and “experience” and “thunderstorms” and “experience” and they cause the man feel interested in they cause the man feel interested in thunderstorms and excited when he thunderstorms and excited when he underwent that experience.underwent that experience.

-ed -ed -ing-ing (Past Participial Adj.)(Past Participial Adj.) (Present Participial Adj.)(Present Participial Adj.)

boredbored (aburrido)(aburrido) boring boring (aburrido)(aburrido)

amused amused (divertido)(divertido) amusing amusing (divertido)(divertido)

depressed depressed (deprimido)(deprimido) depressing depressing (deprimente)(deprimente)

shocked shocked (horrorizado)(horrorizado) shocking shocking (espeluznante)(espeluznante)

amazedamazed (asombrado)(asombrado) amazing amazing (asombroso)(asombroso)

embarrassed embarrassed (avergonzado)(avergonzado) embarrassing embarrassing (embarazoso)(embarazoso)

confused confused (confundido)(confundido) confusing confusing (confuso)(confuso)

frightened frightened (asustado)(asustado) frightening frightening (espantoso)(espantoso)

relaxedrelaxed (relajado)(relajado) relaxing relaxing (relajante)(relajante)

depressed depressed (deprimido)(deprimido) depressing depressing (deprimente)(deprimente)

surprised surprised (sorprendido)(sorprendido) surprising surprising (sorprendente)(sorprendente)

annoyed annoyed (enfadado, irritado)(enfadado, irritado) annoying annoying (irritante)(irritante)

satisfied satisfied (satisfecho)(satisfecho) satisfying satisfying (satisfactorio)(satisfactorio)

entertained entertained (entretenido, ameno)(entretenido, ameno) entertaining entertaining (entretenido)(entretenido)

Some more examples of these adjectives are:

What’s the What’s the differencedifference between the between the –ed and –ing form of adjectives? –ed and –ing form of adjectives?

* -ed adjectives* -ed adjectives describe the way a describe the way a person feels. person feels.

* -ing adjectives* -ing adjectives describe the describe the person or thing that causes the person or thing that causes the person’s feeling. person’s feeling.

If something is __________ing,If something is __________ing,it will make you feel it will make you feel

________ed.________ed.

A couple of more examples:A couple of more examples:

Paco got Paco got shockedshocked at the man’s at the man’s story. He thinks natural disasters story. He thinks natural disasters are are shockingshocking..

Paco thinks History is Paco thinks History is interestinginteresting and and amazingamazing. He is . He is interestedinterested in in and and amazedamazed at History. at History.

The coach was very The coach was very worriedworried, so he told the , so he told the boys to run away. We were boys to run away. We were surprisedsurprised at at how soon it started to rain. The tornado how soon it started to rain. The tornado was was frighteningfrightening, but we seemed to be safe , but we seemed to be safe under the canvas tent.under the canvas tent.

We were We were tiredtired and and excitedexcited, the experience , the experience was was excitingexciting! At the same time, we were ! At the same time, we were happy to be safe. It was happy to be safe. It was amazingamazing to see to see how the sun came out and dried our how the sun came out and dried our clothes as we walked to the car!clothes as we walked to the car!

Last two examples:Last two examples: