Participatory Rural Appraisal and Wealth Ranking

September 13th, 2010

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CWS Program

1. Partnership Program• Holistic Support• Small Grant Support• Non-Funding Support

2. Emergency Response and Disaster Preparedness Program• Emergency Response• Disaster Preparedness

3. Direct Service Program• Village Based Community Development

project• Water and Sanitation Cooperation

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Why CWS implements water and sanitation

To comply with Rural Water and Sanitation Strategy (RWSS) of the Kingdom of Cambodia that mentions:

“ Every person in rural communities has sustained access to safe water supply and sanitation services

and lives in a hygienic environment by 2025 ”

To improve access to water supplies and sanitation facilities of the rural poorest and poor in rural communities.

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At sub-national level:

• Commune Councils and District Authority

• Provincial Department of Rural Development

At community level:

• Community Based Organizations (CBO) Water and Sanitation User Groups (WSUG)

which are elected by villagers Commune Development Facilitators (CDF)

which are selected by CWS and PDRD

• Local authority: Village Chief/Leaders

Participatory Rural Appraisal: Implementation partners

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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR)

• Collaborate with PDRD to draft wealth ranking criteria

• Consultation with local authority, CDF, WSUG and respected key person on wealth ranking criteria at village level.

• Using Participatory rural appraisal, wealth ranking criteria and local capacity for peace/do no harm approach in the participatory beneficiaries selection.

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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR)

Criteria (excerpt)Criteria Poorest of

the PoorPoor Better off Poor

HouseCottage(9-24 m2)

Wooden house with leaf wall and roof (25-45 m2)

Wooden house with leaf wall and zinc roof(48-60 m2)

Draft animals None 1-2 2-4 Cattle None 1 2-3 Pig None 1 2Poultry 2-5 6-10 More than 10Agricultural land (ha) None 0.25ha 0.5 haHome land (m2) 20-100 m2 101-300 m2 301- 500 m2

Main source of income

Sell laborRice production and sell labor

Rice production

Other source of income

None or non-timber

Farming and non-timber Farming and non- timber

Food Lack of food 7-10 months

Lack of food 3 - 6 months

Just enough food

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PRA and PWR (cont….)

• WSUG , CDF and Village Leader are responsible in addressing the villagers' needed on water supplies and Sanitation facilities through participatory village development plan.

• Villagers and key people (CDF and WSUG) participate in identifying the potential beneficiaries selection and their priority needs (latrines, bio-sand filters, new or upgraded wells). In exceptional cases, a beneficiary would receive two items in the same year of project intervention.

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PRA and PWR -Process

• Conduct a village meeting with at least 60% of households participated

• CDF/WSUG invite and encourage villagers to attend the meeting with one representative from each family.

• Conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal by using village mapping to identify village resources (water source, defecation areas, health center, water point for new well drilling…)

• Consolidate data from PRA if there has been separate gender meetings

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PRA and PWR –Process (cont…)

• CWS staff with CDF/WSUG present wealth ranking criteria

• Communities participate in beneficiaries selection and identify their priority needs which refer to the wealth ranking criteria

• Recommend the design of the water supply and sanitation facilities (eg. household latrines, well platforms adapted from MRD, and bio-sand water filters are built according to CAWST model)

• CWS staff together with CDF/WSUG conduct home visit to cross check and verify the reality and priority needs of beneficiaries

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Contribution

•The service of CWSC is provided free of charge, but to promote and stimulate ownership, beneficiaries contribute labor and resources based on the cost affordable to different vulnerability characteristics and wealth ranking criteria. However,100 % granted to public centers such as health centers, commune offices and primary schools (both service and manufacturing cost)

Category/Facility Bio-sand filter Hand Pump Well Latrine

Poorest household USD 0.00 + labor Aprox USD 77 (20%) Upper structure + Labor

Poor household USD 1.00 + labor Aprox USD 116 (30%) Upper structure + Labor + material (aprox USD 24)

Better off poor USD 2.00 + labor Aprox USD 116 (30%) Upper structure + Labor + material (aprox USD 36)

Medium household/other USD 4.00 + labor 80-100% of total cost 80-100% of total cost

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Project ensuring the quality

• Hand pump wells are tested by PDRD using Arsenic testing kit before allowing people to use.

• Bio-sand water filters are built in compliance with the Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technologies (CAWST) and sample water testing is done and the result is shown to the community people and local authority.

• Household latrines are built on an agreed standard between CWS Cambodia and PDRD as well as through the consultative process with beneficiaries before the construction.

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Project ensuring the quality

• Conduct regular visit to check and verify water flow from bio-sand water filter

• Provide immediate advice or support to improve the facility usage

• Conduct site inspection on the technical standard.

• Inform all beneficiaries of materials needed for each product (including size, amount, cost…)

• Communities check and verify the construction and materials with private company and sellers.

• Building skill to repair head of hand pump and bio-sand water filter

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Advantages of the method

• Promotes right to access to water and sanitation for all among communities and authorities

• Promotes accountability and honesty within communities

• Builds solidarity, unity and connection of communities

• Empowers women in decision-making

• Creates ownership of communities

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Disadvantages

• Process takes more time and more energy of staff and counterparts

• Difficult to allocate time during farming season

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Outcome of the project

• Households sanitation are improved • Sanitation and hygiene in schools influence

communities• Less water borne disease and children are in better

health• Community members rarely have diarrhea• WSUG members are able to repair head hand pump

wells in their community• WSUGs are able to facilitate community meetings and

advise users to maintain water supplies and sanitation facilities

• Home gardening surrounding home yard even in dry season, for earning income and for family consumption

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Scope of the project

• The model was implemented in 59 villages in Svay Rieng and then adapted and replicated in CWS’s village based community development projects in Kompong Thom (12 villages) and Preah Vihear (18 villages) Projects

• The PDRD staff of Svay Rieng province share their knowledge and skills learned from CWS to other provinces

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Thank you