parte 2 de inglés básico
TRANSCRIPT
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Hails = granizo
Fall=otoño
Introduction
In English, the present continuous tense describes temporary situations and actions that arehappening now (the moment of speaking).
The present continuous : I am reading .
Form
Present continuous - afrmative
Verb "to be" in the present tense + base form of the verb '-ing':
Singular Plural
I am read ing we are read ing
you are read ing you are read in
she/he/it is read ing they are read in
• I am painting.
• He is playing the piano .
• They are reading.
For base forms that end with 'e', remove the 'e' before adding '-ing':
• write I am writing
• take she is taking
To ma e senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:
• I am reading I !m reading
• you are reading you !re walking
• he"she"it is reading he"she"it !s working
• we are talking we !re talking
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• they are watching they !re watching
Present continuous - negative
Verb "to be" in the present tense + not + base form of the verb'-ing':
Singular Plural
I am not read ing we are not read
you are not read ing you are not rea
she/he/it is not read ing they are not re
• I am not eating.
•
#erry is not talking on the telephone.• $aura and I are not taking the afternoon train.
To ma e negative senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:
• I am not reading I !m not reading
• you are not walking you aren!t walking or you !re not walking
• he"she"it is working he"she"it isn!t working or he"she"it !s not working
• we are not talking we aren!t talking or we !re not talking
• they are not watching they aren!t watching or they !re not watching
Use
se to tal about an a!tion happening at the moment ofspea ing:
• I!m playing tennis.
• #essica and %ark aren!t coming to the meeting.
• It is raining outside.
se for an a!tion happening in the present but not at themoment of spea ing:
• He !s taking &panish classes in the e'ening.
• I!m reading Moby Dick.
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Introduction
In English the present continuous tense describes temporary situations and actions that takeplace at the moment of speaking.
Present continuous : re you reading
Form
Present continuous afrmative questions = verb "to be" in the presenttense + subject + verb '-ing':
S#$% & ( ) * person P& ( & ) peopl
Am !or ing# Are !e !or ing#
Are $ou !or ing# Are $ou !or ing
s he%she%it !or ing# Are the$ !or ing#
• m I doing this right
• Is #ohn playing the trumpet
• re they coming to dinner
*ontractions are not possible.
Present continuous negative questions = verb "to be" in the presenttense + subject + not + verb '-ing':
• re you not eating in the canteen
• Is she not buying a laptop
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*ontractions are possible in present continuous negati'e +uestions, but their use changes theorder of the sentence:
Aren't you writing the memoIsn't she buying a laptop
Use
sed to as about an a!tion happening at the moment ofspea ing or a temporar situation:
• -hat are you doing
• re you watching the news
•
re you li'ing with your sister• ren!t you arri'ing later than usual
--
&o straight ahea' = siga recto
(rafc circle = roton'a
(a e a le)t = girar a la izquier'a
(urn right = 'obla a la 'erecha
make a turn hacer una 'uelta en
Introduction
-e use the imperati'e form to make a re+uest or gi'e an instruction.
/ass me my ticket.
0e on time.
Note : se a +uestion form to make a polite re+uest, or add please.
• *an you pass me my ticket, please
• /lease be on time.
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Form
The imperative is the in.nitive form of a verb without 'to':
• Infiniti'e: to talkImperati'e: Talk to the the waitress about your meal.
• Infiniti'e: to goImperati'e: 1o to work now2
• Infiniti'e: to beImperati'e: 0e there at 3:44 a.m.
• Infiniti'e: to takeImperati'e: Take a coat.
• Infiniti'e: to turn
Imperati'e: Turn the tele'ision off.
To use the imperative in the negative form, we add 'don't' beforethe verb:
• Infiniti'e: to talk5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t talk during the show.
• Infiniti'e: to go5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t go outside, it!s raining2
• Infiniti'e: to be
5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t be late.• Infiniti'e: to turn
5egati'e imperati'e: 6on!t turn the music up.
Use
/e use the imperative to give instru!tions or dire!tions:
• Infiniti'e: to turnImperati'e: Turn right at the end of the corridor.
• Infiniti'e: to goImperati'e: 1o straight to the airport.
• Infiniti'e: to turnImperati'e: Turn off the lights before lea'ing.
/e use the imperative to give an order:
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• Infiniti'e: to runImperati'e: 6on!t run by the pool.
• Infiniti'e: to knockImperati'e: 7nock before entering.
• Infiniti'e: to lea'eImperati'e: $ea'e the room +uietly.
/e use the imperative to ma e an informal o0er:
• Infiniti'e: to ha'eImperati'e: Ha'e a slice of pi88a.
• Infiniti'e: to takeImperati'e: Take my pencil.
/e use the imperative to ma e an e1!lamation:
• Infiniti'e: to lookImperati'e: $ook at the weather2
• Infiniti'e: to smellImperati'e: &mell the flowers2
Situation
Eli8abeth se ha perdido. n hombre +ue pasa por all9 le ayuda a encontrar su camino.
Elizabeth: "Excuse me, can you please tell me where Liberty Street is?"
Man: "Liberty Street...oh yes...go down Trophy Street, which is the irst street on the le t, thencontinue until you reach the second street on the right."
Elizabeth: "Than! you ery much#"
Rules
Para pe'ir in'icaciones
• E cuse me, could you tell me where the closest subway station is
• /ardon me sir, where can I find the %useum of &cience and Industry
• 6o you know where I can rent 6;6s
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• How do I get to
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• I will know the results tomorrow. I!m knowing the results tomorrow. ( &abr' losresulta os mañana.)
el 'simple present'
El !simple present! en ingl?s se puede utili8ar tambi?n para hablar de planes o hechospre'istos en un futuro prA imo.
• -hat time does the meeting finish ( A qu' ora acaba la reunión*)
• Th *hicago %adrid flight arri'es at B4 o!clock in the morning. ( +l vuelo , ica-oMa ri lle-a a las /0 e la mañana .)
ill
$as construcciones con will no se emplean con mucha frecuencia.&e emplean sobre todo para e presar acciones espontCneas +ue hemos decidido en elmomento en el +ue hablamos (acciones no premeditadas), para hacer predicciones o hablarde acciones futuras en el lengua@e formal.
a* Para e presar 'ecisiones espont,neas
&e utili8a muy a menudo en lengua@e oral (para hacer propuestas y promesas).
• *an you send me the document as soon as possible ( Me pue es man ar elocumento lo antes posible*)
• =es, I will send it now by fa . (&"1 te lo 2man ar'3 man o a ora mismo por !a4.)• I will get you some coffee. (5e voy a traer un ca!'.)
• I!ll connect you. ( 6e paso con 'l 7 ella .)
• I!ll ha'e a steak please but I won!t ha'e a dessert. ( 8e ir' un bistec1 pero notomar' postre .)
b* Para hacer pre'icciones
• House prices will go up in the future. (+l precio e la vivien a aumentar9 en el!uturo.)
• It will be worth a fortune in a year or two. ( Val r9 una !ortuna en uno o os años.)
• I!ll probably arri'e late. ( 8ue e que lle-ue tar e. )
c* Para hablar 'e acciones )uturas en el lenguaje )ormal
ill se utili8a mCs a menudo en el registro formal (o escrito) y muy poco en el ingl?s hablado.
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• The /resident will be in Italy this weekend. (+l presi ente estar9 en :talia este !in esemana.)
• -e will release the information ne t week. ( Daremos a conocer la in!ormación lasemana que viene.)
Shall I % we(
Shall I( % Shall we( son e presiones +ue ya no se utili8an con 'alor de futuro pero s9 cone presiones interrogati'as para proponer o sugerir algo.En espaDol e+ui'alen a una pregunta con el 'erbo principal en presente.
• &hall I open the window ( Abro la ventana*).
• &hall I get you a coffee ( 5e voy a buscar un ca!'*).
• &hall we start the meeting ( +mpezamos la reunión*).
one way ticket boleto de ida
round trip ticket boleto de ida y 'uelta
suitcase maleta
Introduction
-e use ! would ! and ! could ! to make polite re+uests.
*ould you please bring me a glass of water-ould you prefer the window or the aisle seat-ould you be able to call me tomorrow
Form
The words !would! and !could! do not change.
oul'
!ould + sub2e!t
• *ould I...
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• *ould you...
• *ould he"she"it...
• *ould we...
• *ould you...
• *ould they...
.oul'
would + sub2e!t
• -ould I...
• -ould you...
• -ould he"she"it...
• -ould we...
• -ould you...
• -ould they...
Use
Polite requests
• *ould you close the door
•
*ould I use your pen• *ould we go to the supermarket before the cinema
• *ould you tell me how to get to the train station
• -ould I be able to help
• -ould you bring me my book, please
• -ould #ohn and &arah like to come with me
• -ould we be able to come
/0ering an' inviting
se 'would' to o0er someone something:
• -ould you like a drink
• -ould you like to go shopping
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se 'would' to invite someone somewhere:
• -ould he like to go to the beach today
• -ould you be interested in coming to my house tonight
.oul' li e
se 'would li e' instead of 'want'3 '/ould li e' is more polite:
• I would like a table for four at :44 pm.
• I would like a cup of tea, please.
!-ould! has a contracted form. -e * 55FT say !it!d!.I!d...=ou!d...He!d"&he!d"It would...
-e!d...=ou!d...They!d...
• They!d like to go home now.
• I!d like some books about the moon, please.
• -e!d like three sandwiches, please.
Situation
&andra goes to the train station to book a train ticket.
Sandra: "$ood a ternoon, I would li!e to buy a return tic!et in second class romLondon to %righton, please."
Clerk: "&hen would you li!e to lea e?"
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Sandra: "Tomorrow morning, i possible. 'nd I would li!e to return on the e ening o(ay )*th, please."
Clerk: "Smo!ing or non+smo!ing?"
Sandra: " on+smo!ing, than! you."
Rules
1eserving a table in a restaurant
You Restaurant host
I would li!e to reser e a table or six people at se eno- cloc!.
course, under what name?
Is it possible to reser e a table or two people at eighto- cloc!?
o, I-m sorry but we-re ully boo!ed.
2oo ing a hotel room
You Receptionist
• !oul' li e to boo a room*• s it possible to boo a room )or
tonight#• Hello3 !oul' li e to boo the
hone$moon suite )or the night o) the 45tho) April*
• !oul' li e a 'ouble room )or the!ee o) 6a$ 47th to the 89th*
• .hat is the price o) a single room#• .hat is the cost )or one night#
• For !hen#• For ho! long#• .oul' $ou li e a single or
'ouble room#• For ho! man$ nights#• .oul' $ou li e brea )ast
inclu'e'#
• an $ou please con:rm $ourreservation b$ either )a or e-mail#
2oo ing a plane tic et
You Ticket agent
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• !oul' li e to boo a tic et to6anchester3 please*
• !oul' li e a roun'-trip tic et )rom;on'on to
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1egular verbs
To form the past simple, add E-e'E to the base form:
Singular Plural
I coo!ed we coo!ed
you coo!ed you coo!ed
she/he/it coo!ed they coo!ed
• -e watched T; last night.
• The mo'ie started late.
• It rained yesterday.
• /eter and Tom worked on the train.
#f the verb ends in 'e' , add 'd':
• arri'e They arri'e d late to the meeting.
• sha'e #oe sha'e d this morning.
#f the verb ends in ' ', remove the ' Eand add '-ied':
• study The teenagers stud ied for the e am.
• carry I carr ied my luggage to the hotel room.
#f the verb ends in vowel + a !onsonant, the !onsonant at theend is doubled:
• stop The car sto pped at the red light.
• plan -e pla nned a party.
• wrap &he wra pped the children!s presents for *hristmas.
Uses
/e use the past simple to des!ribe a .nished a!tion in the past:
• I baked a cake yesterday .
• They 'isited a museum in 5ew =ork last week .
• 0ill li'ed in $ondon for three years .
• I started a new @ob last year .
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• %ary and I played soccer on the weekend .
• The play finished at BB:44 p.m .
• I cried when I watched the mo'ie last night .
Introduction
-e use the simple past to talk about past e'ents. -hen we use the negati'e form, we talkabout what did not take place:
I did not open my birthday card.He did not "inish until late last night.-e did not in#ite 0ill to the party.
Form
To ma e the negative simple past, use E'i' notE + the base )orm@
S#$% & ( ) * person P& ( & ) people
'i' not coo !e 'i' not coo
$ou 'i' not coo $ou 'i' not coo
he3 she3it
'i' not coo the$ 'i' not coo
• They did not study for the dri'er!s e am.
• &arah did not go to meeting.
•
-e did not read the email.• =ou did not follow the rules.
To ma e negative senten!es less formal, we use !ontra!tions:
did + not = didn't
• I did not work. " I didn!t work.
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• #oe did not eat the dessert. " #oe didn!t eat the dessert.
• %ary and I did not take the bus to work. " %ary and I didn!t take the bus to work.
Use
/e use the negative simple past to tal about things that didnot happen3
• I did not tra#el by airplane.
• He did not pay for the ticket.
• &he did not wor$ last night.
• They did not wash the dishes after dinner.
Introduction
To put regular 'erbs in the past simple, add ! ed! to the end. Irregular 'erbs do not end in ! ed!in the past simple, but change in different ways.
I bit the apple.&he bought milk at the store.
They told us a story.
Form
(o be
Singular Plural
I was we wereyou were you were
she/he/it was they were
• I was late to work today.
• =ou were on 'acation last month during the meeting.
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• $ily was sick yesterday.
• 5ancy and I were the first ones at work today.
• %arcus and -ill were in &pain last week.
/ther common irregular verbs
Base form past simple
eatgosee
buyta!e
beginha etell
atewentsaw
boughttoo!
beganhadtold
• eat I ate my breakfast at home this morning.
• go They went to the hospital to see the baby.
• see I saw the mo'ie last week.
• buy &he bought a new dress for the party.
• ta$e He took a slice of cake.
• begin I began my new @ob last %onday.
• ha#e They had a great trip.
• tell &he told me a story.
Use
/e use the past simple to tal about a!tions in the past:
• The mo'ie began at G:44 p.m.
• I took a large suitcase on 'acation for my sou'enirs.
• -e ate dinner in a restaurant yesterday for my birthday.
• &he went to the supermarket last week.