part a (question 1, question 2 and question 3) question …

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- 2 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713) PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION 1 (20 MARKS) Make a note explaining the usage of the machine shown in Figure Q1(A) and its problems or limitations. Then make a sketch of a conventional turning process and label the important turning parameters, i.e. Depth-of-cut (d), feedrate (f), spindle rotational speed (N), cutting force (F c ). Thrust force (F t ), and radial force (F r ). (6 marks) Figure Q1(A): Conventional Turning Machine The cutting tool materials must possess a number of important properties to avoid excessive wear, fracture failure and withstand high temperatures during metal cutting operation. The list below shows THREE (3) characteristics of the cutting tool materials should have, to produce good machining quality. Hardness Toughness Wear resistance Briefly explain the importance of these characteristics and list any TWO (2) types of cutting tool materials. (4 marks) Tool wear and material removal rate (MRR) relationship is very influential in the metal cutting process. Briefly explain relations of cutting speed with tool wear. Sketch a flank and crater tool wear and give TWO (2) reasons why it develops. What would be the effect to the cutting process? (5 marks) In turning operation, there are THREE (3) types of chips formed. With the aid of appropriate sketches, list and briefly explain each type of chips. List THREE (3) factors that influence the formation of chips as described in question D) i. (5 marks)

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Page 1: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 2 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION 1 (20 MARKS)

Make a note explaining the usage of the machine shown in Figure Q1(A) and its problems or limitations. Then make a sketch of a conventional turning process and label the important turning parameters, i.e. Depth-of-cut (d), feedrate (f), spindle rotational speed (N), cutting force (Fc). Thrust force (Ft), and radial force (Fr).

(6 marks)

Figure Q1(A): Conventional Turning Machine

The cutting tool materials must possess a number of important properties to avoid excessive wear, fracture failure and withstand high temperatures during metal cutting operation. The list below shows THREE (3) characteristics of the cutting tool materials should have, to produce good machining quality.

Hardness Toughness Wear resistance

Briefly explain the importance of these characteristics and list any TWO (2) types of cutting tool materials.

(4 marks)

Tool wear and material removal rate (MRR) relationship is very influential in the metal cutting process.

Briefly explain relations of cutting speed with tool wear. Sketch a flank and crater tool wear and give TWO (2) reasons why it develops. What

would be the effect to the cutting process? (5 marks)

In turning operation, there are THREE (3) types of chips formed.

With the aid of appropriate sketches, list and briefly explain each type of chips. List THREE (3) factors that influence the formation of chips as described in question

D) i. (5 marks)

Page 2: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 3 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

QUESTION 2 (20 MARKS)

In metal forming operations, material is shaped into certain geometry using external forces to cause a permanent plastic deformation. Explain the material characteristics required in terms of the (i) material properties, and (ii) range of working temperature, in order to obtain a successfully deformed parts. Then give TWO (2) reasons why metal forming is favourable compared to other manufacturing methods.

(3 marks)

Select any ONE (1) of the applications listed in Table Q2(B):

Table Q2(B): Metal Forming Products

Applications

(a) Window Frame Panels

(b) Connecting Rod

(c) Seemless Pipe

Dimensions 40mm x 40mm x 100mm Total length: 201mm Thickness: 27mm

Outer diameter: 40mm Inner diameter: 36mm

Length: 200mm Material Aluminium Steel Stainless Steel

Then, answer the following:

Suggest the most suitable manufacturing process and justify your suggestion. With aid of sketches, explain how the suggested process works. Describe TWO (2) possible defects that may occur and give ONE (1) reason for each

defects. (8 marks)

By referring to Figure Q2(C), explain the fundamental process involves in producing the product

shown. Use neat sketches to assist your explanation. (4 marks)

Figure Q2(C): Kitchen Sink

Page 3: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 4 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

In sheet metal production, a careful design of blank must be performed in order to minimize the amount of scrap being produced. Using TWO (2) different types of pattern design, make a sketch showing a poor blank design and suggest how the two blank designs can be improved.

(2 marks)

Briefly explain the function of the sheet metal forming operations shown in Figure Q2(E). (3 marks)

(i) (ii)

(iii) Figure Q2(E): Sheet Metal Process

QUESTION 3 (20 MARKS)

Explain TWO (2) situations in which brazing or soldering process is preferable to be used as compared with fusion welding. List TWO (2) advantages of brazing or soldering as compared with welding process. Then, name TWO (2) types of flux for brazing process and explain the flux function.

(6 marks)

With the aid of appropriate sketches, explain the oxy-acetylene process with regards to the following aspects:

The oxy-acetylene system, its characteristics and advantages compared to other welding processes.

Type of flames used in oxy-acetylene process. (5 marks)

Give TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) limitations of the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

(GTAW). Then explain why GTAW is important for specific selected process. (5 marks)

There are three (3) types of resistance welding processes, namely: Spot Welding, Seam Welding

and Projection Welding. Describe with the aid of sketches ONE (1) of these processes. (4 marks)

Page 4: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

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PART B (QUESTION 4 AND QUESTION 5)

QUESTION 4 (20 MARKS)

Resistance spot welding is commonly used in automobile body assembly. The amount of heat generated in the workpiece can be calculated using equation:

Q = I2 R t where Q is heat (Joule), I is current (Amp), R is total resistance (Ohm), and t is weld time (s). Given the weld nugget growth curve and weldability range of workpiece in Figure Q4, workpiece thickness of 3mm, and that the expected weld diameter is 3.5mm - 5.0mm, determine the minimum and maximum heat that should be generated (Note: let the total resistance as R).

(4 marks)

(a) (b)

Figure Q4: (a) Weld Nugget Growth Curve and (b) Weldability Range

In an orthogonal machining experiment of a tube, the cutting tool has a rake angle of 15o,

undeformed chip thickness of 0.4mm and average thickness of chips produced of 0.8mm. The cutting speed is 200m/min and tube thickness is 2mm. The dynamometer indicates that Fc=400N and Ft=250N. Determine the following:

Resultant force.

Shear angle. Given that tanØ , where r is chip reduction ratio.

Friction force and shear force. Material removal rate (MRR).

(6 marks)

A cup-shaped component with 100mm in height and 45mm in diameter is deep drawn from a 0.5mm thick, aluminium alloy blank with 160mm in diameter. The material characteristics are as the following:

=1.81N/mm2 (annealed), =2.50N/mm2 (hardened),

=2.12N/mm2 (annealed), =3.00N/mm2 (hardened), Initial deep drawing ratio m1 = 0.5 and afterwards the ration of nth drawing mn= 0.75.

Determine the number of draw required. Calculate the force required for the first draw.

(4 marks)

Page 5: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 6 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

Figure Q4(D) shows a steel blank from which is formed by stamping. The sheared profile of the hole to be pierced has diameter of 420mm and the outside profile to be blanked has 1200mm x 800mm size. The workpiece thickness is 1mm and its shear strength is 2.5N/mm2.

Calculate the piercing force. Calculate the blanking force. If blanking and piercing are done simultaneously, estimate the minimum press

capacity needed for the operation. (6 marks)

QUESTION 5 (20 MARKS)

Explain briefly the meaning of terms listed below. Use neat sketches to assist your explanation if necessary.

Cutting Fluid or coolant. Climb milling OR up milling process. Drilling process.

(6 marks)

Using neat sketches, briefly discuss any THREE (3) of the following phenomena that occurs during various metal forming operations:

Strain hardening during forging operation Chevron cracking in wire drawing operation Hot working and recrystallization during hot extrusion Springback phenomena during sheet metal bending Changes in grain structure during rolling operation

(6 marks)

Choose any TWO (2) of the types of destructive welding inspection listed below. Explain with simple sketches to illustrate your explanation.

Magnetic particle test. Liquid penetrant test. Ultrasonic test.

(4 marks)

Figure Q4(D): Profile Of Stamped Steel

Page 6: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

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A manufacturing company received an order to machine 1000 parts. Using the same CNC machining centre and same type of cutting tool, the engineer tried machining at TWO (2) cutting speeds (100m/min and 300m/min) using THREE (3) types of cutting fluids/cooling techniques, which are flood cooling, near dry machining/minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL), and dry machining (without cutting fluid). After cost estimation on tool cost and cutting fluid cost (including purchase, handling, and disposal costs), the data in Table Q5(D) is obtained. You know that there are THREE (3) pillars/major aspects of sustainability, which are economy, society, and environment. From the data in Table Q5(D), recommend which type machining condition to conduct the machining process? Justify your recommendation.

(4 marks)

Table Q5(D): Costing Estimate For Machining 1000 Parts

Machining Condition

Cutting Speed (M/Min)

Cooling Technique

Tool Cost (RM)

Cutting Fluid Cost (RM)

P 100 dry 500 0

Q 100 MQL 300 100

R 100 flood 300 400

S 300 dry 750 0

T 300 MQL 500 100

U 300 flood 600 400

Page 7: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

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BAHAGIAN A (SOALAN 1, SOALAN 2 DAN SOALAN 3) SOALAN 1 (20 MARKAH)

Buatkan satu nota menjelaskan penggunaan mesin yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q1(A) dan masalah atau kekurangan mesin jenis ini. Kemudian buat lakaran bagi proses mengisar konvensional dengan melabelkan parameter penting, iaitu kedalaman pemotongan (d), uluran, (f), kelajuan putaran spindel (N), daya pemotongan (Fc), daya tujah (Ft), dan daya jejarian (Fr).

(6 markah)

Rajah Q1(A) : Mesin Melarik Konvensional

Bahan matalat perlu mempunyai beberapa ciri-ciri penting untuk mengelakkan kehausan yang

berlebihan, kegagalan patah dan tahan suhu yang tinggi di dalam pemotongan logam. Senarai dibawah menunjukkan TIGA (3) ciri-ciri yang perlu ada pada bahan matalat untuk menghasilkan kualiti pemesinan yang baik.

Kekerasan Keliatan Rintangan kehausan

Terangkan secara ringkas kepentingan ciri-ciri ini dan senaraikan DUA (2) jenis bahan matalat tersebut.

(4 markah)

Hubungan kehausan matalat dengan kadar pemotongan bahan adalah sangat mempengaruhi proses pemotongan logam;

Jelaskan secara ringkas hubungan antara kelajuan pemotongan dan kehausan matalat. Lakarkan kehausan rasuk dan kehausan lekuk matalat dan berikan DUA (2) alasan

kenapa kehausan ini berlaku. Apakah kesannya pada proses pemotongan? (5 markah)

Di dalam proses melarik, terdapat TIGA (3) jenis bentuk serpihan-serpihan yang terhasil.

Dengan lakaran yang sesuai, senaraikan dan terangkan secara ringkas setiap jenis serpihan tersebut.

Senaraikan TIGA (3) faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan serpihan seperti yang dinyatakan di dalam soalan D) i.

(5 markah)

Page 8: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

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SOALAN 2 (20 MARKAH)

Dalam operasi pembentukan logam, bahan akan dibentuk kepada suatu bentuk geometri tertentu dengan menggunakan daya luar bagi menghasilkan ubah bentuk plastik kekal. Terangkan ciri-ciri bahan yang diperlukan dari segi (i) sifat bahan, dan (ii) julat suhu bekerja, bagi mendapatkan geometri bentuk yang terbaik. Berikan DUA (2) sebab mengapa proses pembentukan logam menjadi pilihan berbanding dengan kaedah pembuatan yang lain.

(3 markah)

Pilih salah SATU (1) daripada produk yang disenaraikan di dalam Jadual Q2(B):

Jadual Q2 (B): Produk Pembentukan Logam

Produk

(a) Panel Bingkai Tingkap

(b) Rod Engkol-Auto

(c) Paip Tanpa Sim

Dimensi 40mm x 40mm x 100mm Jumlah panjang: 201mm Ketebalan: 27mm

Diameter luar: 40mm Diameter dalam: 36mm Panjang: 200mm

Bahan Aluminium Keluli Keluli Tahan Karat

Kemudian, jawab soalan berikut: Cadangkan proses pembuatan yang paling sesuai dan berikan kewajaran cadangan

anda. Dengan bantuan lakaran, terangkan bagaimana proses yang dicadangkan ini berfungsi. Terangkan DUA (2) kecacatan yang mungkin berlaku dan berikan SATU (1) sebab

mengapa kecacatan ini terjadi. (8 markah)

Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah Q2(C), terangkan proses asas yang terlibat dalam menghasilkan

produk seperti yang ditunjukkan. Gunakan lakaran kemas bagi membantu penerangan anda. (4 markah)

Rajah Q2(C): Sinki Dapur

Page 9: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 10 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

Dalam proses pengeluaran kepingan logam, reka bentuk ‘blank’ yang teliti mesti dilakukan untuk mengurangkan jumlah buangan yang dihasilkan. Dengan menggunakan DUA (2) jenis reka bentuk corak yang berbeza, buat lakaran yang menunjukkan reka bentuk ‘blank’ yang tidak baik dan cadangkan bagaimana kedua-dua reka bentuk ‘blank’ ini boleh diperbaiki.

(2 markah)

Terangkan secara ringkas fungsi bagi operasi membentuk kepingan logam seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q2(E).

(3 marks)

(i) (ii)

(iii) Rajah Q2(E): Pembentukan Kepingan Logam

SOALAN 3 (20 MARKAH)

Jelaskan DUA (2) keadaan di mana proses pateri lembut atau keras adalah lebih sesuai digunakan berbanding kimpalan lakuran. Senaraikan DUA (2) kelebihan proses pateri berbanding proses kimpalan. Kemudian, namakan DUA (2) jenis fluks untuk proses pateri keras dan terangkan fungsi fluks.

(6 markah)

Berbantukan lakaran yang bersesuaian, terangkan proses oksi-asitelena berhubung perkara-

perkara berikut; Ciri-ciri dan kelebihan sistem oksi-asitelena berbanding proses-proses kimpalan lain. Jenis nyalaan api yang digunakan dalan proses oksi-asitelena.

(5 markah)

Berikan DUA (2) kelebihan dan DUA (2) kekurangan kimpalan gas arka tungsten (GTAW). Jelaskan bagaimana kimpalan gas arka tungsten (GTAW) menjadi proses pilihan penting.

(5 markah)

Terdapat tiga (3) jenis proses kimpalan rintangan, iaitu, kimpalan bintik, kimpalan kelim dan kimpalan unjuran. Huraikan dengan bantuan lakaran SATU (1) sahaja daripada proses ini.

(4 markah)

Page 10: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 11 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

BAHAGIAN B ( SOALAN 4 DAN SOALAN 5) SOALAN 4 (20 MARKAH)

Kimpalan bintik biasa digunakan untuk pemasangan badan kereta. Jumlah haba yang dijana dalam bendakerja boleh dikira dengan menggunakan persamaan:

Q = I2 R t Di mana Q ialah haba (Joule), I ialah arus (Amp), R ialah jumlah rintangan (Ohm), dan t ialah masa pengimpalan (s). Jika diketahui lengkung pertumbuhan nugget kimpalan dan kawasan kebolehkimpalan bendakerja dalam Rajah Q4, ketebalan bendakerja ialah 3mm, dan diameter kimpalan yang dikehendaki adalah 3.5mm - 5.0mm, tentukan haba minimum dan maksimum yang perlu dijana. (Catatan: nyatakan jumlah rintangan sebagai R)

(4 markah)

(a) (b)

Rajah Q4 (a) Lengkung Pertumbuhan Nugget Kimpalan dan (b) Kawasan Kebolehkimpalan

Dalam satu eksperimen pemesinan tepat pada hujung tiub dengan ketebalan 2mm, mata alat

yang digunakan memiliki sudut sadak 15o, tebal serpihan sebelum pemotongan 0.4mm dan ketebalan purata serpihan yang dihasilkan 0.8mm. Kelajuan pemotongan adalah 200m/min. Dinamometer menunjukkan bahawa Fc=400N dan Ft=250N. Tentukan:

Daya paduan.

Sudut ricih. Diketahui tan Ø , dengan r ialah nisbah pengurangan cip.

Daya geseran dan daya ricih. Kadar pembuangan bahan (MRR).

(6 markah)

Sebuah komponen berbentuk cawan dengan ketinggian 100mm dan diameter 45mm ditarik dalam daripada sekeping aloi aluminum dengan ketebalan 0.5mm dan diameter 160mm. Ciri-ciri bahan adalah seperti berikut:

= 1.81N/mm2 (lembut), = 2.50N/mm2 (keras),

= 2.12N/mm2 (lembut), = 3.00N/mm2 (keras), Nisbah penarikan dalam awal m1=0.5 and seterusnya nisbah penarikan ke-n mn=0.75.

Tentukan bilangan penarikan yang diperlukan. Kira daya yang diperlukan untuk penarikan pertama.

(4 markah)

Page 11: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 12 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

Rajah Q4(D) menunjukkan sekeping keluli yang dibentuk dengan cara penekanan. Diameter lubang yang perlu diricih melalui penembusan ialah 420mm dan profil luar yang perlu diricih melalui pengosongan berukuran 1200mm x 800mm. Tebal bendakerja adalah 1mm dan kekuatan ricih ialah 2.5N/mm2.

Kirakan daya penembusan. Kirakan daya pengosongan. Jika pengosongan dan penembusan dilakukan serentak, anggarkan keupayaan

minimum mesin penekan yang diperlukan. (6 markah)

SOALAN 5 (20 MARKAH)

Terangkan secara ringkas maksud istilah di bawah. Gunakan lakaran kemas bagi membantu penerangan anda, jika perlu.

Bendalir penyejuk. Mengisar daki atau mengisar lazim. Proses menggerudi.

(6 markah)

Dengan bantuan lakaran kemas, bincangkan dengan ringkas, TIGA (3) sahaja fenomena berikut yang berlaku semasa pelbagai operasi pembentukan logam:

Pengerasan terikan semasa operasi penempaan. Keretakan ‘Chevron’ dalam operasi penarikan wayar. Kerja panas dan penghabluran semula ketika penyemperitan panas. Fenomena Penganjalan Semula semasa pembengkokan kepingan logam. Perubahan dalam struktur bahan semasa operasi penggelekan.

(6 markah)

Pilih DUA (2) dari jenis pemeriksaan ujian musnah yang disenaraikan di bawah. Berbantukan lakaran terangkan proses pemeriksaan yang dipilih.

Ujian partikel magnet Ujian penerapan cecair Ujian ultrabunyi

(4 markah)

Rajah Q4(D): Profil Kepingan Keluli Yang Dibentuk Dengan Cara Penekanan

 

Page 12: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 13 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

Sebuah syarikat pembuatan menerima tempahan untuk memesin 1000 komponen. Dengan menggunakan pusat pemesinan CNC dan jenis mata alat yang sama, seorang jurutera cuba memesin pada DUA (2) laju pemotongan (100m/min and 300m/min) menggunakan TIGA (3) jenis cecair pemotongan/ teknik penyejukan iaitu flood cooling, pemesinan hampir kering/pelincir kuantiti minimum (MQL), dan pemesinan kering (tanpa cecair pemotongan). Selepas anggaran kos untuk kos mata alat dan kos cecair pemotongan (termasuk pembelian, pengendalian dan kos pelupusan), data dalam Jadual Q5(D) diperolehi. Anda tahu bahawa terdapat TIGA (3) aspek utama kelestarian iaitu ekonomi, masyarakat, dan alam sekitar. Dari data dalam Jadual Q5(D), cadangkan teknik penyejukan untuk proses pemesinan tersebut? Jelaskan cadangan anda.

(4 markah) Jadual Q5(D): Anggaran Kos Untuk Memesin 1000 Komponen

Keadaan pemotongan

Laju pemotongan (m/min)

Teknik penyejukan

Kos mata alat (RM)

Kos cecair pemotongan

(RM)

P 100 kering 500 0

Q 100 MQL 300 100

R 100 flood 300 400

S 300 kering 750 0

T 300 MQL 500 100

U 300 flood 600 400

Page 13: PART A (QUESTION 1, QUESTION 2 AND QUESTION 3) QUESTION …

- 14 – (SKMM 2713/SME 2713)

APPENDIX /LAMPIRAN MACHINING:

F = Fc sin + Ft cos

N = Fc cos - Ft sin

Fs = Fc cos - Ft sin

Fn = Fc sin + Ft cos PIERCING AND BLANKING:

F=A

DEEP DRAWING:

F=A mn = dn /dn-1

D = (d2 + 4dh