part 6: organisms. what is life? brainstorm: what do all living things have in common? brainstorm:...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Life?What is Life?
Brainstorm: What do all living things Brainstorm: What do all living things have in common?have in common?
What is Life?What is Life?
There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.
What is Life?What is Life?
There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.
So scientists have a list of criteria So scientists have a list of criteria that describe its characteristics. that describe its characteristics.
What is Life?What is Life?
There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.
So scientists have a list of criteria So scientists have a list of criteria that describe its characteristics. that describe its characteristics.
Scientists call these criteria, the Scientists call these criteria, the Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life..
Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life
All living things:All living things:
– Are made up of one or more cellsAre made up of one or more cells– Contain hereditary information and Contain hereditary information and
reproducereproduce– Obtain and use energyObtain and use energy– Grow and developGrow and develop– RespondRespond– Maintain homeostasisMaintain homeostasis– AdaptAdapt
Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells
Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life
Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells
Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life
Two types of organisms:Two types of organisms:UnicellularUnicellularMulti-CellularMulti-Cellular
Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells
Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life
Unicellular Organisms: Single-celled Unicellular Organisms: Single-celled organism (i.e. the organism is just one organism (i.e. the organism is just one cell.)cell.) Examples: Examples:
BacteriaBacteria Protists (euglena and amoeba) Protists (euglena and amoeba) Fungi (Yeast)Fungi (Yeast)
Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells
Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life
Multi-cellular Organisms: organisms Multi-cellular Organisms: organisms made up of more than one cell made up of more than one cell
Examples: Examples: AnimalsAnimals Plants Plants
Characteristic 2Characteristic 2
Contain hereditary (genetic) Contain hereditary (genetic) information and reproduceinformation and reproduce
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms
- Sexual:- Sexual:
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms
- Sexual:- Sexual:
- Asexual:- Asexual:
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms
- Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse - Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse to to form new individualform new individual
- Asexual:- Asexual:
Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction
Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism
on earthon earth
Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms- Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse - Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse to to form new individualform new individual
- Asexual: new organism forms from a - Asexual: new organism forms from a single single parentparent
Characteristic 3: Obtain and Characteristic 3: Obtain and Use EnergyUse Energy
Metabolism:Metabolism: ALL of the chemical ALL of the chemical reactions in an organism that allows reactions in an organism that allows them to obtain and use energy. them to obtain and use energy.
Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop
Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:
1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the in size of the organismorganism
Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop
Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:
1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the in size of the organismorganism
2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the in size of the organismorganism
Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop
Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:
1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the organism in size of the organism
- addition/creation of new cells- addition/creation of new cells
- already existing cells get larger - already existing cells get larger (muscle cells)(muscle cells)
2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the organism in size of the organism
Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop
Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:
1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the organism in size of the organism
- addition/creation of new cells- addition/creation of new cells
- already existing cells get larger - already existing cells get larger (muscle cells)(muscle cells)
2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the organism in size of the organism
- Repair/Replacement of damaged or - Repair/Replacement of damaged or old/worn old/worn out cells out cells
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
2.2. Process those changes/ Make a Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
2.2. Process those changes/ Make a Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision
3.3. RespondRespond
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
- Sense Organs- Sense Organs
2. Process those changes/ Make a 2. Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision
3. Respond3. Respond
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
- Sense Organs- Sense Organs
2. Process those changes/ Make a decision2. Process those changes/ Make a decision - Brain- Brain
3. Respond3. Respond
Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness
Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment
- Sense Organs- Sense Organs
2. Process those changes/ Make a decision2. Process those changes/ Make a decision - Brain- Brain
3. Respond3. Respond - Muscles/Glands- Muscles/Glands
Characteristic 6Characteristic 6
Maintain a Stable Internal Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentEnvironment
Characteristic 6: Maintain a Characteristic 6: Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentStable Internal Environment
Homeostasis: The ability of an Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to keep a constant internal organism to keep a constant internal environment, DESPITE their environment, DESPITE their constantly changing environment.constantly changing environment.
Characteristic 6: Maintain a Characteristic 6: Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentStable Internal Environment
Homeostasis: The ability of an Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to keep a constant internal organism to keep a constant internal environment, DESPITE their environment, DESPITE their constantly changing environment.constantly changing environment.
– Examples:Examples: Shivering and SweatingShivering and Sweating
Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation
Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.
Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation
Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.
Change over time is necessary to the Change over time is necessary to the survival of species in a world that is survival of species in a world that is always changing. always changing.
Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation
Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.
Change over time is necessary to the Change over time is necessary to the survival of species in a world that is survival of species in a world that is always changing. always changing.
Examples: Camouflage and MimicryExamples: Camouflage and Mimicry