Part 6: OrganismsPart 6: Organisms

What is Life?What is Life?

Brainstorm: What do all living things Brainstorm: What do all living things have in common?have in common?

What is Life?What is Life?

There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.

What is Life?What is Life?

There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.

So scientists have a list of criteria So scientists have a list of criteria that describe its characteristics. that describe its characteristics.

What is Life?What is Life?

There is no simple way to define life.There is no simple way to define life.

So scientists have a list of criteria So scientists have a list of criteria that describe its characteristics. that describe its characteristics.

Scientists call these criteria, the Scientists call these criteria, the Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life..

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

All living things:All living things:

– Are made up of one or more cellsAre made up of one or more cells– Contain hereditary information and Contain hereditary information and

reproducereproduce– Obtain and use energyObtain and use energy– Grow and developGrow and develop– RespondRespond– Maintain homeostasisMaintain homeostasis– AdaptAdapt

Characteristic 1Characteristic 1

Made up of one or more cellsMade up of one or more cells

Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells

Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life

Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells

Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life

Two types of organisms:Two types of organisms:UnicellularUnicellularMulti-CellularMulti-Cellular

Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells

Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life

Unicellular Organisms: Single-celled Unicellular Organisms: Single-celled organism (i.e. the organism is just one organism (i.e. the organism is just one cell.)cell.) Examples: Examples:

BacteriaBacteria Protists (euglena and amoeba) Protists (euglena and amoeba) Fungi (Yeast)Fungi (Yeast)

Characteristic 1: Made up of Characteristic 1: Made up of one or more cellsone or more cells

Cells: smallest unit of lifeCells: smallest unit of life

Multi-cellular Organisms: organisms Multi-cellular Organisms: organisms made up of more than one cell made up of more than one cell

Examples: Examples: AnimalsAnimals Plants Plants

Characteristic 2Characteristic 2

Contain hereditary (genetic) Contain hereditary (genetic) information and reproduceinformation and reproduce

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms

- Sexual:- Sexual:

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms

- Sexual:- Sexual:

- Asexual:- Asexual:

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms

- Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse - Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse to to form new individualform new individual

- Asexual:- Asexual:

Characteristic 2: Genes and Characteristic 2: Genes and ReproductionReproduction

Genetic Code: DNA/RNAGenetic Code: DNA/RNA– Determines inherited traits of every organism Determines inherited traits of every organism

on earthon earth

Reproduction: production of new Reproduction: production of new organismsorganisms- Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse - Sexual: two cells from two parents fuse to to form new individualform new individual

- Asexual: new organism forms from a - Asexual: new organism forms from a single single parentparent

Characteristic 3Characteristic 3

Obtain and Use energyObtain and Use energy

Characteristic 3: Obtain and Characteristic 3: Obtain and Use EnergyUse Energy

Metabolism:Metabolism: ALL of the chemical ALL of the chemical reactions in an organism that allows reactions in an organism that allows them to obtain and use energy. them to obtain and use energy.

Characteristic 4Characteristic 4

Grow and DevelopGrow and Develop

Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop

Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:

1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the in size of the organismorganism

Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop

Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:

1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the in size of the organismorganism

2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the in size of the organismorganism

Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop

Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:

1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the organism in size of the organism

- addition/creation of new cells- addition/creation of new cells

- already existing cells get larger - already existing cells get larger (muscle cells)(muscle cells)

2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the organism in size of the organism

Characteristic 4: Grow and Characteristic 4: Grow and DevelopDevelop

Two types of Growth:Two types of Growth:

1. Results in an 1. Results in an increaseincrease in size of the organism in size of the organism

- addition/creation of new cells- addition/creation of new cells

- already existing cells get larger - already existing cells get larger (muscle cells)(muscle cells)

2. Results in 2. Results in no increaseno increase in size of the organism in size of the organism

- Repair/Replacement of damaged or - Repair/Replacement of damaged or old/worn old/worn out cells out cells

Characteristic 5Characteristic 5

ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

2.2. Process those changes/ Make a Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

2.2. Process those changes/ Make a Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision

3.3. RespondRespond

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

- Sense Organs- Sense Organs

2. Process those changes/ Make a 2. Process those changes/ Make a decisiondecision

3. Respond3. Respond

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

- Sense Organs- Sense Organs

2. Process those changes/ Make a decision2. Process those changes/ Make a decision - Brain- Brain

3. Respond3. Respond

Characteristic 5: Characteristic 5: ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Three things must occur:Three things must occur:1.1. Sense changes in the environmentSense changes in the environment

- Sense Organs- Sense Organs

2. Process those changes/ Make a decision2. Process those changes/ Make a decision - Brain- Brain

3. Respond3. Respond - Muscles/Glands- Muscles/Glands

Characteristic 6Characteristic 6

Maintain a Stable Internal Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentEnvironment

Characteristic 6: Maintain a Characteristic 6: Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentStable Internal Environment

Homeostasis: The ability of an Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to keep a constant internal organism to keep a constant internal environment, DESPITE their environment, DESPITE their constantly changing environment.constantly changing environment.

Characteristic 6: Maintain a Characteristic 6: Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentStable Internal Environment

Homeostasis: The ability of an Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to keep a constant internal organism to keep a constant internal environment, DESPITE their environment, DESPITE their constantly changing environment.constantly changing environment.

– Examples:Examples: Shivering and SweatingShivering and Sweating

Characteristic 7Characteristic 7

AdaptationAdaptation

Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation

Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.

Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation

Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.

Change over time is necessary to the Change over time is necessary to the survival of species in a world that is survival of species in a world that is always changing. always changing.

Characteristic 7: AdaptationCharacteristic 7: Adaptation

Adaptations are traits giving an Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain organism an advantage in a certain environment. environment.

Change over time is necessary to the Change over time is necessary to the survival of species in a world that is survival of species in a world that is always changing. always changing.

Examples: Camouflage and MimicryExamples: Camouflage and Mimicry

CamouflageCamouflage

Camouflage:Camouflage:

See vocab wk 5See vocab wk 5

MimicryMimicry

Mimicry:Mimicry:

See vocab wk 5See vocab wk 5