part 4. tanenbaum, structured computer organization, fifth edition, (c) 2006 pearson education, inc....
TRANSCRIPT
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Part 4
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Three ways of organizing a 96-bit memory.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Number of bits per cell for some historically interesting commercial computers
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) Big endian memory (b) Little endian memory
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) A personal record for a big endian machine. (b) The same record for a little endian machine.(c) The result of transferring from big endian to
little endian.(d) The result of byte-swapping (c).
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Number of check bits for a code that can correct a single error
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) Encoding of 1100(b) Even parity added(c) Error in AC
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Construction of the Hamming code for the memory word 11110000010101110 by adding 5 check bits to the 16 data bits.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
The cache is logically between the CPU and main memory. Physically, there are several possible places it could be located.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A single inline memory module (SIMM) holding 256 MB. Two of the chips control the SIMM.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A portion of a disk track. Two sectors are illustrated.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A disk with four platters.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A disk with five zones. Each zone has many tracks.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Some of the possible SCSI parameters.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
RAID levels 0 through 2. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
RAID levels 3 through 5. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Recording structure of a Compact Disk or CD-ROM.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Logical data layout on a CD-ROM.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Cross section of a CD-R disk and laser (not to scale). A CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dye layer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a reflective layer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A double-sided, dual layer DVD disk.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Physical structure of a personal computer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Logical structure of a simple personal computer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A typical modern PC with a PCI bus and an ISA bus.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) Cross section of a CRT(b) CRT scanning pattern
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) The construction of an LCD screen.(b) The grooves on the rear and front plates are
perpendicular to one another.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A mouse being used to point to menu items.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
(a) The letter “A” on a 5 x 7 matrix. (b) The letter “A” printed with 24 overlapping needles.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Operation of a laser printer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Halftone dots for various gray scale ranges. (a) 0 – 6. (b) 14 – 20. (c) 28 – 34.
(d) 56 – 62. (e) 105 – 111. (f) 161 – 167.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Transmission of the binary number 01001010000100 over a telephone line bit by bit. (a) Two-level signal. (b) Amplitude modulation. (c) Frequency modulation. (d) Phase modulation.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Operation of ADSL.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A typical ADSL equipment configuration.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Frequency allocation in a typical cable TV system used for Internet access
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Typical details of the upstream and downstream channels in North America. QAM-64 (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) allows 6 bits/Hz but only works at high frequencies. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) works at low frequencies
but allows only 2 bits/Hz.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
A digital camera.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
The ASCII Character set: characters 0 – 31.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c)
2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
The ASCII Character set: characters 32 – 127.