PART 2PART 2

Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism

Exodus 1280 BCE Israelites move from Canaan to Egypt

Forced into slavery Moses - Born Hebrew but raised as a Pharoah

God tells him to lead the Hebrews out of bondage

Exodus from slavery in Egypt Return to “the land of milk and honey” Celebrated by Pesach (Passover) Leads them to Mt. Sinai

Revelation Moses meets God again - Mount Sinai

Renewal of the Covenant Reveals 10 Commandments

Development of JudaismDevelopment of JudaismMonarchy 1004 – 928 BCE

Kings:

King David Military leader Established Jerusalem as the capital city – neutral site Regarded as a model of the ‘Messiah’ Unites all the tribes of Israel

King Solomon Son of David built temple in Jerusalem

– centre of Jewish life for 1000 yrs

Development of JudaismDevelopment of JudaismBabylonian Exile

Assyrians invaded captured Israel - 721 BCE Took land & evicted citizens

Babylonians – 500 BCE Temple of Solomon destroyed Captured Jewish leaders

Impact – Changed how people worshipped creation of synagogues – worship in dispersed communities Development of rabbis (teachers) concept of Messiah “anointed one” will return

Diaspora: 400 - 300 BCE ‘sowing of seed’ dispersal of Jews outside of Israel Refers to all Jews living outside of Israel Forced settlement

Development of Development of JudaismJudaism

Hellenization: 332 BCE Middle East controlled by Alexander the Great Jewish people fell under influence of Greek culture

Adopted Greek dress, architecture, names Bible translated and organized – Law, Prophecy, Poetry Different Jewish sects develop

Pharisees (anti), Sadducees (pro), Zealots (rebels)

Maccabean Revolt: 168 BCE Greek leader converted The temple rededicated it to Zeus -

resentment Maccabees revolted and took control of Jerusalem

Development of Development of JudaismJudaism

Expansion of Roman Empire and rule: 64 BCE Treated poorly, taxed heavily Romans controlled temple, high priest Jesus crucified by Romans during this time 66 CE Jews revolt - Romans respond with

force destroy the temple leaving only the Western

Wall

BeliefsBeliefs

Messiah View of Jesus

born a Jew, a preacher and teacher Jesus was not the Son of God; Believe the Messiah ‘anointed’ one is still to

return

Lineage People are born a Jew (through mother) can convert (gerut)

Reveal knowledge, confirm Jewish beliefs

Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism

Prophetic Tradition: ie Abraham, Moses, Jesus??

Prophet one who sees the future Speaks on behalf of God

Jewish Tradition One who receives a message from God and passes it on to people. word of God spoken through prophets “Love God and keep the covenant with Him”

BeliefsBeliefs

Death and Afterlife On death, body returns to earth (dust to dust)

but soul returns to God who gave it Body will be resurrected and reunited with soul at a later time

(therefore no cremation)

Mitzvah Act of performing a good deed or commandment

(ie. 10 Commandments) Direction on how to live ethically and keep covenant with God

Bible contains total of 613 mitzvoth (248 do, 365 do not)

Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism After death of Saul

Division:

Northern tribes = Israel

Southern tribes = Judah centred around Jerusalem

PracticesPractices Holy Ark & TorahHoly Ark & Torah Blessings and prayer Blessings and prayer MinyanMinyan Kashruth Kashruth Shabbat Shabbat CircumcisionCircumcision ShofarShofar Bar / Bat MitvahBar / Bat Mitvah MarriageMarriage Death & ShivaDeath & Shiva

HolidaysHolidays Rosh Hashanah and Rosh Hashanah and

Yom KippurYom Kippur HanukkahHanukkah PassoverPassover

SymbolsSymbols Star of David= shape

of King David’s shield; symbol adopted by Zionists

Menorah = ancient source of light

7 branched= Sabbath

9 branched= Hanukah