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SPSS,StatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences,computersoftware

ThecompanyannouncedJuly28,2009thatitwasbeingacquiredbyIBM forUS$1.2billion.AsofJanuary2010,itbecame"SPSS:AnIBMCompany".

PASWStatistics18.0.2 April2010

Price:Freetotry$799.00tobuyOperatingsystem:WindowsXP/VistaDateadded:October08,2009TotalDownloads:144,213Downloadslastweek:1,055ProductRanking:#2inMathSoftwareSeefullspecifications

Morepopular MathSoftwaredownloads1,683downloads 1.Matlab1,055downloads 2.PASWStatistics988downloads 3.SASSystem929downloads 4.FaceRecognitionSystem833downloads 5.Graph

Predictive Analytics SoftwarePASW

SPSS , ,

VariableType Theavailabledatatypesareasfollows: Numeric.Avariablewhosevaluesarenumbers.Valuesaredisplayedinstandardnumericformat.TheDataEditor

acceptsnumericvaluesinstandardformatorinscientificnotation. Comma.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithcommasdelimitingeverythreeplacesanddisplayed

withtheperiodasadecimaldelimiter.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesforcommavariableswithorwithoutcommasorinscientificnotation.Valuescannotcontaincommastotherightofthedecimalindicator.

Dot.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithperiodsdelimitingeverythreeplacesandwiththecommaasadecimaldelimiter.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesfordotvariableswithorwithoutperiodsorinscientificnotation.Valuescannotcontainperiodstotherightofthedecimalindicator.

Scientificnotation.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithanembedded Eandasignedpowerof10exponent.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesforsuchvariableswithorwithoutanexponent.TheexponentcanbeprecededbyEorDwithanoptionalsignorbythesignaloneforexample,123,1.23E2,1.23D2,1.23E+2,and1.23+2.

Date.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedinoneofseveralcalendardateorclocktimeformats.Selectaformatfromthelist.Youcanenterdateswithslashes,hyphens,periods,commas,orblankspacesasdelimiters.ThecenturyrangefortwodigityearvaluesisdeterminedbyyourOptionssettings(fromtheEditmenu,chooseOptions,andthenclicktheDatatab).

Dollar.Anumericvariabledisplayedwithaleadingdollarsign($),commasdelimitingeverythreeplaces,andaperiodasthedecimaldelimiter.Youcanenterdatavalueswithorwithouttheleadingdollarsign.

Customcurrency.AnumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedinoneofthecustomcurrencyformatsthatyouhavedefinedontheCurrencytaboftheOptionsdialogbox.DefinedcustomcurrencycharacterscannotbeusedindataentrybutaredisplayedintheDataEditor.

String.Avariablewhosevaluesarenotnumericandthereforearenotusedincalculations.Thevaluescancontainanycharactersuptothedefinedlength.Uppercaseandlowercase lettersareconsidereddistinct.Thistypeisalsoknownasanalphanumericvariable.

Numeric: . . Data Editor .

String. . . . .

SORTCASESBYgroup.SPLITFILELAYEREDBYgroup.DESCRIPTIVESVARIABLES=FEV1postFEV1,FEV16monts/STATISTICS=MEANSTDDEVMINMAX.

C:\Users\TURBO_X\Desktop\\\Untitled1.sav

SORTCASESBYSEX.SPLITFILELAYEREDBYSEX.DESCRIPTIVESVARIABLES=FEV1postFEV1FEV16monts/STATISTICS=MEANSTDDEVMINMAX.

Instatisticalhypothesistesting,therearetwotypesoferrorsthatcanbemadeorincorrectconclusionsthatcanbedrawn.

Ifanullhypothesis isincorrectlyrejectedwhenitisinfacttrue,thisiscalledaTypeIerror (alsoknownasafalsepositive).ATypeIIerror (alsoknownasafalsenegative)occurswhenanullhypothesisisnotrejecteddespitebeingfalse.

TheGreekletter isusedtodenotetheprobabilityoftypeIerror,andtheletter isusedtodenotetheprobabilityoftypeIIerror.

H ,

, .

, : (0) (1).

(). ( 0).

( 0).

14

Statisticalsignificantdifferencep

Pairedttest

Mean= SD = SEM =

95%CI 95%

8

independentsamplesttest,

pairedttest,

where isthestandarddeviationoftheoriginaldistributionandNisthe

samplesize

SEM

Adatasetwithameanof50(showninblue)andastandarddeviation()of20.

Aplotofanormaldistribution (orbellcurve).Eachcoloredbandhasawidthofonestandarddeviation.

Exampleoftwosamplepopulationswiththesamemeananddifferentstandarddeviations.Redpopulationhasmean100andSD10;bluepopulationhasmean100andSD50.

where isthestandarddeviationoftheoriginaldistributionandNisthe

samplesize

SEM

Between Groups 4.024 2 2.012 15.267 .000

Within Groups 1.713 13 .132

Total 5.738 15Between Groups 9.816 2 4.908 15.717 .000

Within Groups 4.684 15 .312

postFEV1

Total 14.500 17Between Groups 10.128 2 5.064 15.429 .000

Within Groups 5.251 16 .328

f

FEV16monts

Total 15.379 18Between Groups 7.116 4 1.779 3.173 .024

Within Groups 20.745 37 .561

Total 27.861 41Between Groups 6.484 4 1.621 2.099 .101

Within Groups 28.574 37 .772

postFEV1

Total 35.058 41Between Groups 4.622 4 1.155 2.634 .049

Within Groups 17.110 39 .439

males

FEV16monts

Total 21.732 43

ANOVA 4

Repeatedmeasurementsanalysis

TheGenerallinearmodelprocedureprovidesanalysisofvariancewhenthesamemeasurementismadeseveraltimesoneachsubjectorcase.Ifbetweensubjectsfactorsarespecified,theydividethepopulationintogroups.Usingthisgenerallinearmodelprocedure,youcantestnullhypothesesabouttheeffectsofboththebetweensubjectsfactorsandthewithinsubjectsfactors.Youcaninvestigateinteractionsbetweenfactorsaswellastheeffectsofindividualfactors.Inaddition,theeffectsofconstantcovariatesandcovariateinteractionswiththebetweensubjectsfactorscanbeincluded .

,

betweensubjectsfactors withinsubjectsfactors

;

. . ANOVA (RMF)., ANOVA Mauchly p

p

whereparameter isthemean(locationofthepeak)and2isthevariance(themeasureofthewidthofthedistribution).Thedistributionwith =0and2=1iscalledthestandardnormal.

Bonferonni correction0.05/4=0.01250.05/6=0.0083

test1. (splitfile)2. ( ) FEV1

test 1. FEV1VSPostFEV12.

Friedmantest

Wilcoxon signedRankstest

FEV1VSPostFEV1

FEV1VSPostFEV1VSFEV16months

Friedmantest

Wilcoxon signedRankstest

pairedttest,Wilcoxon ttest

indepented ttest,MannWhitneytest

onewayANOVA,Kruskall Wallistest,Bonferonnis correction

anova fortwowaycrossoverdesign(twoerrors)

% XS2test,oddsratio

multiplemeasurementsanalysis Friedmantest

splitfile

TheWilcoxon signedranktest isanonparametric statisticalhypothesistest

forthecaseoftworelatedsamples orrepeatedmeasurementsonasinglesample.ItcanbeusedasanalternativetothepairedStudent'sttest whenthepopulationcannotbeassumedtobenormallydistributed.

4:

: . 2080.( )

II: . . 100200 .( )

III: , . .( )

IV: .

Doubleblindcontrolledstudyrandomizecontrolledtrial

FEV1,FEV1post,FEV16months FEV1,19,2 (),Placebo (),controlgroup

9

()randomizecontrolledtrial doubleblind

9 Variable TypeH Statistical significant difference p