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Because of the rapid growth of immigrants population in Canada, public libraries now more focus on multilingual materials to follow their mission statements and mandates. Richmond Hill Public Library which celebrated its 150 anniversary in 2012 has eye-catching collections of 14 non-official languages including Persian (Farsi). Regarding to this issue, Parnian asked the library to provide more details about the Persian collection and Ms. Michelle Splitter, Manager of Collection Development, kindly responded to our request. With expressing our appreciation for her efforts, these are her answers to the questions:When did the RHPL start to build up its Persian materials collection (probably a short history) and why? We started the process of evaluating the Librarys existing collections, examining the other languages spoken in Richmond Hill, using census data, and then began building the multilingual collection in 2004-2005. Persian/Farsi was one of the languages that was purchased when we began to develop our multilingual collection.What are the most important criteria for selecting multilingual materials? Is there any specific criterion for Persian materials?We have set up an Automatic Release Plan with our library materials supplier so that they select materials on our behalf. We have asked for popular classics, novels, key literary works, popular authors in translation, and a selection of popular non-fiction (medical, language learning, how-to, cookbooks, and biographies).If someone wants to recommend a Persian book or other materials, what should she or he do?

Persian Heritage in the Heart of Richmond Hill

We have Suggestion for Purchase forms that patrons can fill out if they are in the library. They can also use the RHPLs webpage to make suggestions for additions to the collection.Does the library accept donated books or other objects? Will they be added to the collection?We do not accept donated books as we get all our cataloguing and processing done through our library materials supplier. A key component of this service is the cataloguing of any multilingual material that we cannot do in the Library. If someone in the Iranian community wants to donate money for a specific collection or program, what should she or he do?The Librarys brochure on donations is outlined below:Investing in Your Librarys FutureWith your gift, large or small, the Library can continue to meet the needs of the community. Your gift will be an important one, helping to....The Librarys brochure Step Up: invest in your Librarys future is available for download and printing. A donation form is available online. It can be filled out, printed, and sent to the Library at your convenience.Ways to GiveGive a gift to the LibraryTax receipts will be issued for monetary donations over $10.Remember the Library in your willBequests to registered charities such as the Richmond Hill Public Library result in tax advantages for the donors estate. All donors should consult their legal and financial advisors regarding types and advantages of bequests

Memorial donationsYou may wish to honour the memory of a loved one, friend, or colleague by making a memorial contribution to the Richmond Hill Public Library. Families will be notified and donors will receive a tax receipt.Adopt-a-book programWith a $20 tax-deductible donation, the Library will purchase a new book on a chosen subject and insert a bookplate to acknowledge the donation.Become a corporate donor/sponsorThe Library is looking for businesses and organizations to sponsor specific programs, services, and collections.Other than the collection, is there any specific program or event for Iranian-Canadian residents of Richmond Hill?Through our partnership with the Library Settlement Workers Program, some workshops are offered in Farsi from time to time for newcomers. The Library welcomes suggestions from the Persian community for possible future programs.Is it possible to provide the statistics of the Persian collection to our readers? We currently have over 3,050 books in the collection with more on order and we also subscribe to two Persian magazines, namely, Javanaan, and Persian Heritage.Although Iranian cinema has been very famous over previous decades, and many movies have been made, it seems that the number of Persian movies in the library has declined or at least, not grown. If you agree with this comment, what do you see as the reason? Does the library have any plan to purchase more Iranian movies? There is not a lot of copyrighted NTSC/Region 1 material that is available for Persian films this is the format that will work in Canadian DVD players. What we have in the Librarys collection are older releases as there just is not a supply of new releases available to the Canadian market in a format that works on Canadian DVD players.

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parnianmagazine.com

Culture and Community 11 .1392 19

extends to all provinces in Canada, and no one else can use your name or any name similar to it for his business. Incorporation is different from the other two structures because it is a legal entity, one separate from owners or shareholders; hence, shareholders are not liable for the debt of the corporation the way they are with Sole Proprietorship or Partnership. Incorporating your business gives you a tax benefit because the corporate tax for small businesses is lower compared to personal ones, but, on the other hand, you have to file personal tax separately as well. Forming a corporation is actually very quick and easy, but you definitely need to consult with a lawyer and an accountant every step of the way.Now the question is which one suits you better.If you are not going to make lots of money, which you will end up paying lots of taxes on, and if you are not planning to expand the business, which requires hiring others, but just want to do something that you are good at to increase your income, and if you are not looking for a partner or any complexity in your business, then Sole Proprietorship is a good choice for you. It is easy to form, no capital is required, you are 100% in charge of everything, and there is no headache so long as you know what you are doing.A partnership, on the other hand, implies a little bit more complex situation. Simply, a partnership can fail either as a result of not having agreed on how to share profits, or not having agreed on how or where to drive the business. When everybody is losing, they are all friends, but when the money starts coming in, that can be start of disagreements as to who has made more or whose decision it was to get that profitable job going; the story goes on and on.If you are going to tie the knot with a partner, I recommend you consult a lawyer and bring whatever terms you two or three have agreed on, on a piece of paper. Some will say that they arent thinking of breaking the partnership up, or that they have been friends for years, that signing an agreement is a sign of distrust in other partners, but any business needs an exit plan you have got to protect your share of money, your time, experience, effort, intellectual

property, ideas, thoughts, contacts, assets, and whatever else you are bringing to the table, by having a solid agreement and a solid understanding with your partners.As you can see, the only obstacle to forming a Partnership is finding good partners, and getting a solid agreement and understanding -- the rest of the pieces will come together. Two of the main disadvantages of a Partnership is that you are liable for any debts whatsoever, and that your income will be added to your personal income, which may cause you to pay more tax if you have higher income. The last and the best structure, in my opinion, is the Corporation. While forming it will not cost anything, where you are taking it, who you are going to partner up with, and what your plans for the company are will cost you money because you need an accountant and a lawyer right from the start, in my opinion.When it comes to partnering up with others to incorporate a business, the idea is the same as with a Partnership -- choose your partners wisely, communicate properly, and have an exit plan in case the corporation doesnt work. The Corporation has a few awesome benefits about it that I like. It is a legal entity, one separate from you and other owners, even from shareholders. It can continue without you if you know what you are doing and doing it properly.It can be sold -- a very important feature if you can create a profitable business, you can sell shares of the business as well, and, lastly, you will pay less tax if you have a profitable small business. On the other hand, there will a lot more expenses that you have to cover but I never said it was going to be easy.If you are still planning to start your business, and are asking me what I think, I will tell you three times to drop the idea; if after this you still insist, send me an email so that I can personally convince you not to do it; if you ask me why I did it, I will leave you with one word, freedom.

Real Estate [email protected]

parnianmagazine.com

Small Business 11 .1392 17

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Lets suppose that you are an expert in your field, know what you are doing, have a few years experience under your belt, and feel very comfortable about what you do, or that you are retired and are tired of sitting at home and listening to your wife saying that life was better when you were working. Or else, perhaps friends of yours who have started their own businesses are bragging about it a lot, and, obviously, you feel you are better than they are, or you may have heard or read a lot about entrepreneurship and found it fascinating and confusing at the same time, or perhaps you have simply had enough of the corporate world and want to explore on your own now, and so you are thinking about starting your own business.Starting a business comes down to three things -- why you are doing it, how to start it, and how to maintain it. Yes, it is as easy as that, but if you ask me, I would advise you not to do it, and to drop the idea completely.I am guessing you have a very good motive for starting a business and a very good idea of how to maintain it, so I shall begin with how to start a business.There are three different structures for starting a business, Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, and Incorporation.Sole Proprietorship is the simplest and the easiest one; it means that it is just you who is in charge. However, although yes, it is a good feeling to be in charge and take all the profit for yourself and not have to share it with anybody else, I am afraid that it is not that easy.There is no challenge or difficulty in forming it; you just have to register your business name provincially. The costs of forming it are very low and you dont need that much capital to start with; you are 100 percent in charge, and you take all the profit yourself, if there is any, and it has a tax advantage as well because you can charge expenses to your business and get into a lower tax

bracket if your income is not that high.On the other hand, you are 100% liable for everything, as well as the debt of your business to others. Your creditors can go after your personal belongings, such as car and house, if you cant pay your debt, and if you do well in the business, you will have a higher income and will have to pay more tax.Partnership is the second structure for forming a business. It is a very good idea if you want to get into business with a partner and dont have the desire to incorporate a business. Lets suppose that you and your friends have a great idea that can make lots of money, or that each one of you is expert in one field and want to combine your forces in that case, partnership is the way to go.To form one, you need an agreement between partners that states each partners share in the business, both in profit and in debt. There is no cost to forming it unless you consult a lawyer to put the agreement together for you. Unlike with Sole Proprietorship, you dont take all the profit for yourself: you have to share it, and share any debt of the business with other partners as well. Still, I am afraid that there is no legal difference between you and your business, and creditors can take everything from you when it comes to paying your debts; indeed, it is even harder because you are responsible for your partners debts, should they make a mistake or bad decision-making choices -- unless you form a limited partnership, which limits your debt-paying responsibility, to a specified extent, in the agreement. As with sole Proprietorship, if you make more money, you have to pay more taxes, whereas if you lose money, you benefit from paying less tax.A third structure for forming a business is a Corporation. You can incorporate your business federally or provincially. Doing so federally means that your jurisdiction

How to Start yourBusinessBehnam Rad

parnianmagazine.com

Small Business16 March-April 2013 . No11

Table of Content

Moving away is without a doubt a difficult and challenging obstacle in ones life; it is nevertheless also one that is desired amongst teenagers and young adults. With Irans current societal and economic crisis, many young Iranians are beginning to express their strong desires to immigrate. They imagine a safe haven with freedom from repression, peace, and happy and fulfilling jobs. But just as how teenagers may fail to consider all of the challenges of moving away from home, Iranian young adults are in many cases failing to consider, and therefore failing to plan for, all of the tough challenges that await them in a new country. In fact, most newly immigrated Iranian-Canadian teenagers that I have encountered have expressed to me how much easier it was for them to be a teenager in Iran. By easier, I am referring to the notion that it took considerably less effort and work on their part in order to be successful in Iran. Of course, the notion that I am referring to does possess bias in the sense that these teens all come from financially well-equipped and educated families that were previously successful in Iran as well.

With stricter immigration standards in Canada however, it appears that recent Iranian immigrants seem to be sharing similar demographic characteristics, and are consequently all financially comfortable in addition to being educated and skilled. Although repressed in profound political and sociological aspects, Iran does technically offer an easier life for teenagers of already successful families. The reality of this situation is that in Iran, a familys success plays a large role, and in many cases essentially dictates the childrens success. Parents who are successful are able to afford the high tuition rates of private schools, tutors, and accompanying lessons, and are thus able to better equip their children for gaining acceptance into top schools. In addition, many parents also take their

children under their wings and allow them to work in high salary or competitive jobs by bringing them into their companies and/or places of work. In this sense, the childs future is secured by the works of the already successful parent. In Canada however, children are taught from an early age the importance and vitally of independence and good work ethics. Although private schools, tutors, and expensive lessons might help to better prepare students for certain programs, students in Canada are not placed in situations of disadvantage if they are not able to afford such resources. Family name and wealth also play a drastically less important, and in most cases nonexistent role in attaining jobs or gaining acceptance into elite schools. Accustomed to the luxuries of always having a readily-available car or tutors to assist with studying for Concours, Iranian teenagers are often shocked by how much it takes to truly become successful in Canada. For one thing, teenagers in Canada generally begin to enter the work market by high-school age and are thus already familiar with the work market by adulthood. Public-transportation and long hours of school, in addition to part-time jobs and volunteer work, dominate weekly working hours of teens in Canada. The education system in Canada is implemented in a manner that fosters independence in order to teach children that they must each work to be successful citizens.

Paralleling the education system, the work market is also drastically different in comparison to Iran as employees roles and company rules and regulations are different. In fact, in many places of work such as banks or libraries, family members are not legally permitted to work in the same branch or district. Thus, if you were counting on your Mom or Dad to help set you up with a job after graduation youd be fresh out of luck. In this technological age of advancement, competition has become so great on an

international level that Im surprised to see so many Iranians still believing in the twisted and warped notion that Canada is blossoming with jobs and careers. Jobs that merely required a certificate or test to complete before now require at least a college diploma and previous job experience to attain. Although there are a lot more jobs here than in Iran, there is also significant international competition and Iranians looking to immigrate must accustom themselves to the reality of constantly competing. In turn, Iranian children must also be familiarized with the different mentality that accompanies work, school, and generally life in Canada. It is in this sense that life in Canada can be viewed as harder for teenagers than in Iran; teenagers can no longer rationalize personal failures or shortcoming on their parents financial or societal abilities.

Regardless of whether you are young or elderly, looking to enter the work market or school, the underlying message is clear: nothing in Canada is achieved without dedicated hard-work. The beauty of being in a country that is free from repression is that it also possesses benchmark equality between its people and citizens, and thus does not offer a system that idealizes the already rich and successful. It instead encourages, and in many times essentially demands, hard-work from its people and thus rewards those who are honest and ambitious.

Work Ethics in Canada Pouneh Vaziri

Accustomed to the

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