PARLIAMENT AGAINST KING

CHAPTER 4

After Elizabeth I had died, Jame became king, and also moved to London. He found the different of parliament between England and Scotland, so this made Jame's rule tough and brought his son trouble. As a result, the war was begun.

The Magna Carta

King John

In 13th century, King John had similar problem like King Jame. This is because John lost his lands, his lords wanted him to agree with Magna Carta, a list of rules for good government. At first, John refused to sign on it because the king must follow. After that, he signed and broke it himself. As a result, John was killed by his armies as his lords command.

Early parliaments

King Henry III

Conflict was still continued after John'son who desire only his power became King Henry III. The lords worried that the king was becoming like John because he refused a parliament of his people. Unfortunately, King Henry was defeated by the lords, and was sent with his son to the prison.

Early parliaments

Anyway, Prince Edward ,John's son, escaped and took power back from the lords. Prince Edward increased higher taxes for his war, but over a few century, the parliaments started to vote against the law.

King Edward I

Charles I

King Charles I

When Charles I became king, he started war against the catholic countries. A parliament tried to stop his unfair war taxes, so he closed the parliament. Charles I had to have a parliament again when he had no money to stop demonstration in Scottish cities. Then, Charles I closed the parliament again because it didn't act as king wanted.

Charles I

However, Scots won in this war, so he had to another parliament. This parliament stopped his unfair taxes, but he needed soldiers for Catholic and Protestant problems. Thus, the politicians passed a law that parliament. This is because they feared the king might against them by soldiers.

King and Parliament at war

King Charles II

Chales I was defeated by Parliament and its army according to the decision of a court of law making him to be an enemy. His son, Chales II was made king in Scotland, but Parliament soon defeated the Scots. He had to escape to the Natherlands, leaving Parliament and the officer of its army in control of Britain.

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell, officer who fought for Parliament against the king, was the most powerful man. After the war, Parliament offered him to be the king but he refused, preferring the title 'Lord Protector'. He ruled the country like the kings before him for eight years. Cromwell was a Puritan, so he dislikes music and dance. Soon all the theatres were closed. Even Christmas was against the law.

The return of the king

King Charles II

When Cromwell died, his son became Lord Protector. But he couldn't control rule and the army, so a group of politician invited Charles II to return King. However, Charles II didn't like Parliament, so he ruled without it.

Britain’s last Catholic king

King James II

King William

When Charles died, his Catholic brother James became King. He tried to get Catholics into important jobs and parliament. It was a bad idea because most of population hated Catholics. Thus, a group of politician invited Prince William to bring his army to England. That made James escaped to France.

A new law for kings and queens

King George I

King William, he is Protestant husband of James's daughter Mary. He was a strong King, he didn't leave important decisions of government to parliament he became the king by allowing the new law of parliament which are no taxes, no army, no new law without the agreement of parliament, but this new law didn't give all power to parliament Now the politicians must be chosen every three years, and no Catholic could ever become the King or Queen.

A new law for kings and queens

William and Mary had no children so Anne who was Mary's sister then became the Queen. But all Anne's children died young, and it was a big problem to find someone who ruled Britain after Anne George I King George I, German grandson of James I's daughter, was the only one choice. He wasn't Catholic. He didn't like and interest in Britain, so the power back to parliament. they control the country and never lost their power again.

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