parasitic diseases in fishes
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Parasitic Diseases in fishes. By. Dr. Mohamed Sayed Mohamed Marzouk Professor of Fish Diseases and Management , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. Parasitic Diseases of cultured fishes. What is meant by Parasite ?. ً. Classification of different parasites. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dr. Mohamed Sayed Mohamed MarzoukProfessor of Fish Diseases and Management , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ,
Cairo University
By
Parasitic Diseases of cultured fishes
� What is meant by Parasite ?
Classification of different parasites
Protozoa (unicellular).
Helminthes (multi-cellular) Crustaceans
Protozoa
According to habitate:
1. External.2. Internal (Blood and Tissue).
According to shape:
1. Cilliates (Icthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Trichodina).
2. Flagellates (Ichthyopoda, Trypanosoma, Cryptobia, Hexamita).
3. Sporozoa (Myxosoma).
External protozoa
1. Exteranl cilliated protozoa:
Ichthyophthirius multifillis
Chilodonella spp.
Trichodina spp.
2. Exteranl flagellated protozoa:
Ichthyoboda (Costia) necatrix and pyriformis
Piscinoodinium spp.
Amyloodinium spp.
3. Internal flagellated protozoa
Cryptobia spp.
Hexamita spp.
Trypanoplasma spp.
Ichthyophthirium multifilis trophozoit (Stained )
Ichthyophonus multifillis (unstained)
Stained Trichodina from skin mucus scraping
Pathogenesis of external protozoa
Protozoal invasion
Skin cellular irritation 1. Abnormal swimming
2 .Excessive mucus
Skin cellular destruction
1. Haemorrhages
2. Erosions and ulcers
3. C.T capsules (White spots).
Life cycle of Ichthyophthiriosis
Clinical signs
Abnormal swimming ( Flashing, circling, sluggish and itching ).
Surfacing and gasping ( Asphyxia ).
Excessive skin mucus ( patchy then generalized ).
Pathognomonic white spots (Ichthyophthiriosis), Yellow shine or Rust (Oodiniosis).
Emaciation and death.
Skin haemorrhages, erosions and ulcerations.
White spot disease
Cryptocarion irritans infection in marine fish
Surfacing and gasping in gill infection
Diagnosis of External parasitic Diseases
1. History ( new introduced fish, water parameters,………
2. Clinical signs and lesions.
3. Demonstration and identification of the causative parasites
Skin and gill mucus scraping (wet mount). Stained skin and gill mucus smears.
Treatment of External parasitic Fish Diseases
External chemical treatment
Dip treatment Bath treatment Flush treatment Indefinite bath treatment
Non-chemical treatment
Increase water temperature in White Spot disease Change water facility Use of ultraviolet radiation in re-circulating system
Types of Chemical treatments
1 .Disinfectants:
Pot. Permenganate. Malachite green. Formaline. Na Cl. Acriflavin. Methylene blue.
2. Pesticides:
Chlorinated Hydrocarbones.Organophosphates.
Control of Fish diseases in infected fish farms
In infected earthen ponds:
o Drainageo Drynesso Disinfection using quick lime
In infected concrete or fiberglass fish tanks:o Drainageo Disinfection with strong antiseptics
Hexamitiosis Systemic infection caused by an internal flagellated
protozoaCausative protozoa
Hexamita truttae Hexamita salmonis
Hexamita intestinalis
Mode of infection and transmission:
1. Infection through ingestion.2. Transmission is from dead fish and contaminated water body.
Pathogenesis
Hexamita is normal inhabitant of intestine
Small numbers Large numbers
Intestinal irritation
Intestinal destructionNo signs
Excess mucus
Systemic form
Off food & emaciation
Hole in head
Clinical signs:
1. Off food.
2. Emaciation and tucked up abdomen.3. Mucus shreds from the vent.
4. High mortality in severe cases.5. Hole in the head in systemic form (Fistula behind the head exuding white material).
Diagnosis
Clinical signs and lesions (Non-confirmative)
Laboratory ( Confirmative)
Sampling ( Intestinal mucus )
QualitativeQuantitative (Count/ MF)
0 - 5 = Negative5 – 15 = Mild15 -30 = Moderate30 – 100 = SevereMore than 100 = Marked
Treatment and control
1. Expulsion
2. Hexamiticides
Saline purgative (MgSO4)
1. Aresenical (Carbersone).
2. Murcurial (Calomel).
Not to be used in food fishes
Sulfonamides
Can be used in food fishes
Fish Helminthosis
Helminthes infection or infestation ?
Helminthes of fishes
Platy helminthes
Round worms
Trematodes
Cestodes Larvae A dults
Fish Trematodes
1. Monogenea 2. Digeanea
Gill flukes Skin flukesAdults
Encysted metacercaria
Gill
flukes
1. Dactylogyridae
2. Cichlidogyridae
Dactylogyrus vastator (D. vastator)
Cichilidogyrus tilapiae (C. tilapiae)
D. vastator
C. tilapiae
G. elegans
Haemorrhagic granuloma of Lernea copepode
Lernea cyprinicae
Anchor2 egg sacs
Fish lice ( Argulus sp.) attached to fish skin
Ventral view of Fish Lice