paraphrasing exercises

paraphrasıng Exercises

Part A:

Read the sentences below and:

a. decide which sentences are closest in meaning to the five sentences below.

b. explain why the others are not legitimate paraphrases.

c. underline the changed vocabulary items and grammatical structures in the paraphrase.

1. “25% of adolescents who have one baby have a second baby within two years of the first baby's

birth” (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).

a. According to Smithson (2009), 25% of babies are born to mothers who are adolescents (p. 6).

b. One out of four adolescent mothers has another baby before the first baby reaches his

second birthday (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).

c. A quarter of young mothers give birth when their first born is two (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).

d. 25% of mothers become pregnant again when their first babies are two years old.

2. “It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans own 40% of the country's

wealth” (Richards, 2005, p. 45).

a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans (Richards, 2005, p. 45).

b. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the richest one

percent will soon own 40% of the country's wealth (Richards, 2005, p. 45).

c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only 1% of Americans (Richards, 2005, p. 45).

d. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.

3. “The judge was relieved when the jury was finally ready to announce its verdict” (Ray, 2011, p.

69).

a. When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was relieved (Ray, 2011, p. 69).

b. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict.

c. The judge welcomed the prospect of an imminent verdict (Ray, 2011, p. 69).

d. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.

4. “Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults

more than girls who did not” (Allen, 2000, p. 33).

Gülen & Hasanbaşoğlu, Spring 2014Materials Committee

a. Allen (2000) claims that women who witnessed the abuse of their mother as teens are more

likely to become abusive adults (p. 33).

b. Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young are more likely to

endure abuse themselves (Allen, 2000, p. 33).

c. Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children (Allen,

2000, p. 33).

d. Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more readily.

5. “Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent problems is important to write about” (Black, 2013,

para. 14).

a. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write about their problems (Black, 2013, para. 14).

b. Martha feels that writing about adolescent problems is worthwhile (Black, 2013, para. 14).

c. Martha believes that the dream of most adolescents is to write something important (Black,

2013, para. 14).

d. Martha thinks that adolescents can write about their problems.

Part B:

Rewrite the following sentences by making both structural and lexical changes without distorting

the meaning of the original sentence. Do not forget to include the in-text references.

1. “Great men are usually judged by their accomplishments, and as one of them, so was Mustafa

Kemal Atatürk” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34 ).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. “His enduring monument, the democratic, economically dynamic Republic of Turkey has been

celebrating its independence for over eight decades” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir,

2009, p. 34).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________


3. “He led Turkey on a path toward modernization, with a series of innovative reforms, all geared

towards setting Turkey on a Western course” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009,

p. 34).

________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. “Without [Atatürk’s] vision, without his ambition and energy, without his astonishing boldness in

sweeping away traditions accumulated over centuries, today’s Turkey would not exist and the

world would be much poorer” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. “Mustafa Kemal, when commanding the 19th Infantry Division, taking the initiative moved his

division to Conkbayırı without awaiting approval from higher headquarters, in anticipation of

the main attack occurring in that area” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. “Such courageous words sparked his troops into regaining their confidence and holding to their

position under attack in the face of death” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p.

36).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

7. “Mustafa Kemal’s own evident readiness to die for the defence of his country […] made others

ready to die at his orders” (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________


8. “Although only about 10% of a final manuscript should appear as directly quoted material,

students generally overuse quotations in their writing because they frequently overuse direct

quotation in taking notes for their paper” (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

9. “A key factor in explaining the sad state of the traditional education can be found in

overbureaucratization, which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate our public schools into

massive factories and to increase the number of our universities” (Espan, 2004, p. 99).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

10. “Drug resistance remains a major problem in combating HIV infection, but a different approach

to drug development could be the answer” (Pars, 2008, p. 90).

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

11. “Political campaigns vary in the effectiveness with which they transmit their messages via the

news media, which most of the time depends on the characteristics of the political figures and

whether they are effective users of the media” (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________


12. “When it comes to power, politics trumps business according to a new Forbes ranking on

Wednesday that found heads of state occupying six of the top 10 spots among the world's most

powerful people, led by President Barack Obama” (Pritt, 2005, p. 76).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

13.“The shortages of the 1970s forced the United States to think more seriously about its reliance

on oil, which raised serious concerns over national security, trade losses and environmental

destruction” (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. “Researchers have found a strong association between computer and Internet use in adolescents

and engagement in multiple-risk behaviours (MRB), including illicit drug use and drunkenness”

(Zack, 2000, p. 42).

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Answers:


Part A:

1. b 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. b

IMPORTANT REMINDER: Please note that in the other alternatives, there is either a change in meaning and / or the in-text reference is missing.

Part B

Suggested Answers:

1.

- Ataturk, who is also considered among the great men, was also evaluated by his success (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Like all the great leaders Ataturk was also evaluated by his successful deeds (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Great leaders are generally evaluated by their success and Ataturk is also one of those great leaders (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

2.

- It has been over eight decades since Ataturk has created a long lasting, democratic, independent and economically vibrant Republic of Turkey (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Ataturk’s long lasting, democratic and economically vibrant monument has been celebrating its freedom for over eight decades (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Republic of Turkey, which has been a long lasting, democratic and economically vibrant monument of Ataturk, is celebrating its freedom for over eight decades (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

3.

- What Ataturk aimed at by making some new and pioneering reforms was to turn Turkey into a modern Western country (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Ataturk’s new and pioneering reforms helped Turkey to become a modern western country (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Ataturk helped Turkey to become a Western and modern country by introducing some new and pioneering reforms (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

4.


- Turkey owes its existence to Ataturk’s dream, desire ,stamina/energy and courage to change the deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a dull place without Turkey (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- What made Turkey to exist is Ataturk’s dream, desire ,stamina/energy and courage to change the deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a dull place without Turkey’s existence (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- As Ataturk had an objective to achieve, a strong desire, energy and a surprising courage, he was able to change the deeply rooted traditions of Turkey, which helped the world to become richer (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

5.

- When Mustafa Kemal expected/predicted an attack from the enemy in Conkbayırı, he took an action by himself and did not ask for permission from headquarters. He transferred the 19th Infantary division, which he was in charge of, to Conkbayırı (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Mustafa Kemal took initiative and did not ask for permission from headquarters to transfer the 19th Infantry division, which he was in charge of, to Conkbayırı because he expected/predicted an attack from the enemy in Conkbayrı (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

6.

- Ataturk’s bold/spirited words helped his troops to lift their morale and during the attack they did not move back/withdraw even if there was a great risk of death (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- With the help of Ataturk’s bold/spirited words, the morale of his troops was lifted and during the attack they did not move back/withdraw even if there was a great risk of death (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

7.

- Mustafa Kemal was obviously willing to die in order to defend his country and this made others sacrifice their lives by his commands (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

- Other soldiers were greatly affected/deeply moved by his command as Mustafa Kemal himself was willing to die in order to defend his country (as cited in Gülcü, Gülen, Şeşen & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

8. - Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of the entire paper,

but they often quote excessively in their paper, which usually originates from their quoting unnecessarily while taking notes for writing (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).

- Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of the entire paper, but they often quote excessively in their paper. This usually results from their quoting unnecessarily while taking notes for their paper (Ricky, 2003, para. 19).

9.

- According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big factories and building up more universities, is to be held highly responsible for the undesirable state of the traditional education (p. 99).


- According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big factories and building up more universities, is the major reason for the undesirable state of the traditional education (p. 99).

- According to Espan (2004), the undesirable state of the traditional education is mainly caused by overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools into big factories and building up more universities (p. 99).

10.

- A new approach to developing drugs might be the cure for the resistance problems found in current HIV drugs (Pars, 2008, p. 90).

- The solution for drug-resistant HIV infection lies in a new approach to develop drugs (Pars, 2008, p. 90).

11

- The success of political campaigns in the use of the media to voice their words to the public might differ since it depends on what kind of political leaders politicians are and how effectively they use the media (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

- Personality traits of the political leaders and how effectively they use the media, i.e. the way they use to convey their vision via the news media, determine the possible success of political campaigns (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

12.

- In a recent Forbes list published on Wednesday, it was seen that political figures are considered to be much more powerful than businesspeople, which is well-supported by the existence of the six politicians in the top 10 powerful people and Barack Obama’s being the number one (Pritt, 2005, p. 76).

13.

- As a result of the oil shortages of the 1970s, the United States had to reconsider its dependence on oil because this crisis led to problems related to national security, loss of trade and environmental damage (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).

- Due to the shortages in 1970s, the United States had to consider its dependence on oil, resulting in severe problems related to the security of the nation and the damages given to trade as well as the environment (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).

- The United States’ dependence on oil was to be considered seriously due to the shortages in 1970s, which resulted in more problems related to the security of the nation and the damages given to trade as well as the environment (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).

14.

- According to researchers, there is a close relationship between computer and Internet use in adolescents and the incidence of multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) such as drug abuse and alcohol consumption (Zack, 2000, p. 42).

- According to researchers, adolescents who use the Internet and computer are more inclined to suffer from multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) like drug abuse and alcohol consumption (Zack, 2000, p. 42).

- According to researchers, multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) such as drug abuse and alcohol consumption are commonly observed among adolescents who use computer and the Internet (Zack, 2000, p. 42).


paraphrasing exercises

Documents