flD-8Ai30 652 PARAMETRIC EXCITATION AND SUPPRESSION OF CONVECTIVE i/

30 ARSHINGTON DC MJ KESKINEN ET AL. 14 JULPSA 83II E U ALRSAC A

UNCLASSIFIED NRL-MR-512 F/G 4/ 1 LCL iE E h h i77DhEEhEEMLI mlmml

t .t

V° ,

I"-

W. 12.0.161~

lulls_,2

1.25 11.

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-]963-A ;*-- 4-

144 "rUflhi' -flLI

-.-. a

t '.

I'-°

. .V. . . . .. . . . -"

ILL

SgCUmAVv CLASSIFICATION Of ThIS PAGE I'llbe e ____________________

REPOR DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORECOPEIGFRI. REPORT HUMgER ji GOVT ACCESSION 0NO 7. RE1CIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMDER

.4 NRL Memotnduni Report 5134TITLE (and iubflhI) S. TYPE OF REPORT It PERIO0 COVERED

IPARMWM EXITATON M SPPRESIO GFInterim report on a continuing.4PRITU XIAI~NADSPRSINO NRL problem.

CONVECTIVE PLASN" NSTABILITIES IN THEs EFOMN ~.REOTM~EHIGH LATITUDE F-REGION IONOSPHERE

7. AUTNORW. S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMOER-76J

M.J. Keskinen, P.L Oiaturvd, and SLL Ouakow

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUM9ERS

-, Naval Research Laboratory15 61153N; 6271511; RR0330244;

Wa~hngto, DC20847-0883-0-8; 47-0889-0-3It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS St. REPORT DATS

Office of Naval Rmardib Defense Nuclear AgencyJuy1,98Arlngton, VA 22217 Washington, DC 203051.NUSROPAE 28

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME II ADDRESS(#$ diIIefnt froo Cmifte*I"d Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of We. ropew)

UNCLASSIFIEDIII& DECLASSIFICATION/00WNFPRADING

SCm EDuLE

16. DISTRIMUTION STATEMEN91T (of &We Pop.,')

Approved for public relems; distrbution unlimited.

17. OISYRIOUTION STATEMENT (of 00 obetredt ontemedin 10. It EiI1ei..t lbe Popoff)

Is, SUIPPLEMENTARV MOTES

*Present address: Science Applications, Inc., McLean, VA 22102This research ws sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtask S99QMXBC,work unit 00067, work unit titde "Plasma Structure Evolution," and the Office of Naval Research.

I9. iciy WORDS (ContA. 410 feere old* it neeswm and IdsetI&by w~ lofeeS.,~)

Convectve plasma instabilities High latitude F regionhriametrlc excitation Linear theory

2111 STIACTrctmm en revee.,e &I noeeowp mnd fod#&l 1W b leck Iade)

Paaerccoupling proeseeS of a large amplitude electromagnetic pump wave with convectiveplamn fluid instabilities (R X B gradient drift and current convective) in the high latitude F regionIonospher have been studied. We find that a pump wave, with frequency near the upper hybridfroqueney and with electric field component perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, can

% stbilize or destabilize the R X B gradfient-drift and/or current convective Instability. For parmeterstypical of the nighttim hih latitude F region Ionosphere we find stabilization or destab~la~j Witha vfrtically Incident 0 mode carrying a hoee space incident power density on the order o f,10=Wm 2

DD I ljrAN78 1473 EDITION of, I NovIt is ob"LETE .

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of TIS P7 9 (Wig. ne os 0evE)

0 D-, T- - k

-.... .... ....- ~.. . /1

101 *!,.** -. . .. . . . . . .

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1

THEO RY .................................................... 2

SUM M ARY .................................................... 8

APPENDIX I .................................................. 10

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................... 11

REFERENCES ................................................ 12

Accession For

NTIS GRA&IDTIC TAB LIUnannounced ElJustificatioDTIC 0 10, Dsriuin

ELECTE S Availability Codes

JUL2O 193Ds Ava il a nd/orDist Special

SLETE

'. iii -

::..- ..... ........ ....... ...................................... .............. .. ... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . *

.- ,: .. ' -, ~ e -' . .• ".- ."°. "." ".",.. , . o5..' 9 ". o *, " S" , S. %". . .• ' - " -

PARAMETRIC EXCITATION AND SUPPRESSION OF CONVEC1IVE PLASMAINSTABILITIES IN THE HIGH LATITUDE F-REGION IONOSPHERE

1. INTRODUCTION

Using a variety of experimental techniques, e.g., satellites [Dyson,

1969; Dyson et al., 1974; Sagalyn et al., 1974; Clark and Raitt, 1976;

Phelps and Sagalyn, 1976; Rodriguez et al., 1981], rockets [Olesen et al.,

1976; Ogawa et al., 1976; Kelley et al., 1980], scintillations [Aarons et

al., 1973; Fremouw et al., 1977; Erukhimov et al., 1981], and radar

backscatter [Weaver. 1965; Greenwald. 1974; Hower et al., 1966; Vickrey et

al., 1980; Hanuise et al., 1981], it is now known that the high latitude

ionosphere, from the auroral zone into the polar cap, is a highly

structured and nonequilibrium medium containing irregularities (plasma

density fluctuations and structures) with scale sizes ranging from hundreds

of kilometers to meters. Aside from being an interesting scientific

phenomenon, ionospheric irregularities are of practical interest since they

can disrupt transionospheric radio wave communications channels (see recent

review by Davies [1981] and references therein).

Several theories, e.g., particle precipitation, plasma instabilities

and processes, and neutral fluid dynamics have been proposed to account for

high latitude ionospheric irregularities (see recent review by Keskinen and

Ossakow [1983a] and references therein). Recently, considerable

quantitative progress has been made, especially in the area of ionospheric

plasma instabilities, in identifying the physical processes that can lead

to high latitude irregularities. In particular, convective plasma

instabilities such as the E x B gradient drift instability [Simon, 1963;

* Linson and Workman, 1970; Keskinen and Ossakow, 1982, 1983b] and current

convective instability [Lehnert 1958; Kadomtsev and Nedospasov, 1960;

Ossakow and Chaturvedi, 1979; Chaturvedi and Ossakow, 1979; Keskinen et

±1.p 1980; Chaturvedi and Ossakow 1981] have been invoked to explain high

latitude density irregularities in and near large scale convecting auroral

plasma enhancements [Vickrey et al., 1980].

However, it is well known [Silin, 1965; Dubois and Goldman, 1965;

Nishikawa, 1968] that under the influence of high-frequency long wavelength

elentromagnetic fields electrostatic modes of oscillation in a plasma may

become parametrically coupled and may grow exponentially in time or space

Manunufpt approved May 13, 1983.

V.2

d, .

• .. ..-: : . ........ .: . : > > .- : .....> : ...: ...-.., : --. ....: > .: . :. :. 1 ~

"44 * * , ' € " ',/ -" ' ."= ' .' " . . . . ." ' ' " i " ""' " " " " ' " " " J '

before saturating at large amplitudes. These results have been used by

many investigators [see reviews by Perkins et al., 1974, Fejer 1979 and

references therein] to study the role of parametric instabilities, induced

by high power ground based radars, in ionospheric modification. In jaddition, parametric effects have been used to study the possible

stabilization or destabilization of plasma instabilities, e.g., drift waves

[Fainbers and Shapiro, 1967; Sundaram and Kaw, 1973] by high frequency

electric fields. Lee et al. [1972] have shown that high frequency

electromagnetic waves launched from ground based heaters might lead to

stabilization or destabilization of the Farley-Buneman and gradient-drift

instabilities in the equatorial electrojet E region ionosphere. In this

paper we show that the E x B gradient drift and current convective

instabilities in the high latitude i region ionosphere can be stabilized or

destabilized by high power radio waves. In section 2 we outline the theory

of the E x B gradient drift and current convective instabilities in thepresence of a high frequency electromagnetic pump wave with frequency near

the local upper hybrid frequency. We calculate the incident power density

required to stabilize or destabilize these instabilities. Finally, in

section 3 we summarize and discuss our results.

2. THEORY

For wavelengths greater than the ion mean free path we use fluid

equations to describe the ion and electron plasma. The following geometry

is used: the y-axis is in the north-south direction, the x-axis points

west, and the z-axis is along the magnetic field. The set of equations, in

.4 the frame of reference in which the neutrals are at rest, become

BNat e + V(N & V 0

'V VP. VxB

+' ( ) e (I + '- - vV (n2 -)

. V (N V 0e (3)

at v(i_)

.I + (4)at (!') 1 m-mNi m, V -4

V.E -4we(N i N Ne) (5)

2

Here Nala - i or e) is the species density, K- + cos Wot -V is thea =

total electric field which includes the ambient electric field E.o, pump

field I cos wot, and self-consistent field V.. In addition, Re - -

mV ( - VI ), a - NTG vi is the electron-ion collision frequency,

Van is the electron or ion neutral collision frequency, c is the speed of

light, and T the species temperature. Production and loss terms have beena

neglected. Since we will be considering perturbations with scale sizes

mch less than the wavelength of the pump wave we take Ep to be spatially

uniform. Since pump frequencies of a few M z corresponds to free space~.4pump wavelengths of several hundred meters, we restrict ourselves to

maximizing irregularity scale sizes on the order of tens of meters.

In equilibrium 0 0) we have

VO o + v U 0 (6)

V x B0n -E(o-+ - ) -0 V V (7)

V xd V -+5 e ,+u (8)dt--up -ma ±p J c!a-p

where a - i,e and V o, V op refer to the drifts induced by the ambient and

pump electric fields, respectively. Linearizing equations (l)-(5) by

assuming N - N + 6n , n << N ,V - v + V, E - +E cos wot +a 00 a a ao _U -nio - - ~ -SE we obtain

a n + + V ).-Vn + 6V.VN + N.-v6 -o 9)

S3V 6V x B- + (Vo + V ).vsV - + ) -L +

m- , 6V - 6R (10)

V.8E - 4e( ti - 6ne) (11)

The equations (9)-(11) can be reduced to a single equation (dispersion

relation) for one scalar function in six different ways: one may work in

either the lab or oscillating frame; and one may eliminate the electron

density, eliminate the ion density, or (using Poisson's equation) eliminate

3d

_R -

"% -, • *.• . • - - . * . , . , . . . • . . . . . . " |

both densities in favor of the electrostatic potential. We will work in

the oscillating frame [Silin. 1965; Arnush et al., 1973; Lee et al., 1972]

to find the density perturbations, eliminate the electron density, and

finally transform back to the laboratory frame to use Poisson's equation.

The oscillating frame (denoted by tildes) is defined by

- r - R (t), with (d/dt) R (t) - V (t), 6n (r,t) - 6n ( ,t),- a - Up a a a

6v (rt) =6, v( ,t), 6E(r,t) - 6E(r ,t). Equations (9) and (10) in thea I a -

oscillating frame are identical to those in the lab frame except for the

substitutions V + V + V , 6n + 6n, v + 6v , 6E + 6E, r r-- MO -ap a a -a a01 -a

Assuming 6v, Sn , E a exp[i(k.r - mt)] with k - kx j.+ ky + kzW r + iy, kL >> 1, L N ;(VNo), one can then define susceptibilities

Xi and Xe by Xni - (-ikxi/e)6E- and Xne - (ikXe/e) E giving

wP2 i ai2L k 2 x k .VNL vn - + - + o- -(]12)"-Xi 4w " " I

i i19 k2 Vink2 N k2

and

W2 - k2 S1 k2 2 z xk.VNi 1 r e e z+ 1 e -(3)

e" -e Re [l+ ek 2 e k

2 1 + -2 Nok 2

wherew 2 = 4wNe 2/ S E x z-k + k-V + i(Dk 2 +Dk 2 ),OL 0 Q wi B-- i - -oiz I1I I ID = M=VA ( C/l) , C/ l eB/m c

D (vin/ i)(Ti/mini) + (vei/e)(C2/Ri) D1 = C2/8i n' a e 'a E x zek + key , Z - n- iW, and k2 - k2 + k2 .

We Bol -- ez e e vei' ei 'ei I X yIn deriving the above susceptibilities we have used ae/v > fi/v >> 1 (F-

eei - S i iregion approximation). In addition, we have modeled weak cold diffuse

auroral field aligned currents as a relative drift, between electrons and

ions, with velocity Vd - Vd " z- oez - Voiz)

Having found the susceptibilities in the oscillating frame we must now

transform back to the laboratory frame to use Poisson's eqn. (5). (Since

we will be considering high frequency pump waves with w > > W one can

neglect the effect of the pump on the ions.) This transformation and

resultant dispersion relation can be found in Arnush et al. [1973] and Lee

et al. [1972] and can be written:

[1 + 4 w(Xi + Xe)] - - J2(4)4w Xi(1 + 4w Xe) x+ Xe)] 1 e) 1

1 + 1 (14)

4

-. • . .-.- .. .- ... ... .

-n e coswhere Jn(¢) -C -- f e co n 8 dO is the Bessel function of integral

order n, C is defined by k.R - 4 sin (wot + B), and He -(4w Xe)-

(1 + 4w ye). In deriving (14), the approximation C << 1 has been made,

i.e., the electron excursion length is small compared to the perturbation

wavelength.

In the absence of the pump Ep M 0, for low frequency modes,

6n a 6ni. This gives

V k2 a k 2 zxkVN V k2 a k2 x k. VNo-i I z Z1W I e z -

ieg k2 Vin k2 N k2 e k2 Vei k2 N k2o 0

(15)

L Lwith solution w r iyk given by the linear growth rate [Keskinen and

Ossakow, 19821

L c A-- E xzek (16a)a r B-oJ---

- k2 z x k u-zkVNL + Vin Ve ) - e " -i xV' S kEk"VoLk - (z- in -1 eiic-

V2 "i ne i) i I io -- z kd k2 NI 10

- D k2 - D k2 (16b)

'in T vei C2

with D I - -.+--s nd D =-"i mi i ge "i in

For finite E we havep

k tO V zxkk 2 k2 zxk.VNin I + iz + - I1- e) [i Z e 1[-- -(WWi) Z; -- -L+ i VN°

"t k2 vin k2 Ne k2 Vei k2 N k200

0 °2 w2 k2 ixkVN

- - J~(~)(arweY - e. L.a 4 ... + i~

"- o k2i i i 2 Nin k 2pi ixk, o

wx. 1 e k 0k2 +i)

5

% * .' ,' . -,,. ,- e .s *'.-. . , . ..- o .",,, " ' , .-. , -*. . _--- - - -,- -.- , , - ' ... .. . ..- . . ..-.. - - . . .

x 1 + (17)

Defnin e et +R 0,~ 6 a measure of the frequency

mismatch, 60 "' ( 2 -2W2 ), we find from (17) (see Appendix 1) the00

modified growth rate

Lk 2 vivi (z xk .VN 2 V2, W2 6

Y ik + 22(!+ p e (18)- k2 n i e k2N Vei p2 2+,2 pe

10 e 0

where C2 - k2 E 2E2 + -S.(k2 E2 + k2 E2 )(X p ypy 2 Y~p X py

+ 2E E [k k coa *(I e.. k2 sinp1 py x y W2 C% 0

0

e k E [k E - k E sin + k E Cosul (19)W2 Z pz x px W K px y Py

0

Here we have taken [Lee et al., 1972]

E exp(-iwot) x +p exp(i t i*~)y + Ez t'p(- + c.c.-p -21 -21 (i 0t -21~ e 0~w_

(20)

and included E since we are considering modes for which k *0.pII

When 6 > 0, i. e. , when w 0 the pump induced term produces a

destabilizing effect whereas when 6 < 0 it produces a stabilizinginfluence. We assume that the length of the irregularities along the

magnetic field (k << k )exceeds the length of regions in which

destabilization (6 > 0) or stabilization (6 < 0) occurs. The pump induced

-'term in eq. (18) contains terms proportional to wpe, an increasing5ie

(decreasing) function of altitude on the bottomside (topside) ionosphere,e.g., w2 (z) = w2(1 + z/LN) with LN constant, in local bottomside

regions. In addition, Das and Fejer (1979] have shown that the altitude

6

.1N

dependence of the pump wave electric field near the resonance region must

also be considered. As a result, a net destabilization (stabilization)

will occur in bottomside regions if the pump electric field increases

(decreases) with height in the resonance region. For topside regions, the

opposite is true. For simplicity, in this discussion, we have neglected

the effects of spatial dispersion. Spatial dispersion will cause a

resonance at a somewhat lower height than when w° -(W2 + 12)1/2 Thepe e

physical mechanism responsible for stabilization or destabilization of

these convective instabilities can be understood as follows. A nonlinear

interaction between E x B and current convective perturbation electric

fields 6K and the pump field E gives a new field E. The combined beating

of the fields E' and E can produce a low frpquency force with component of

the form exp[i !.LLxwt + 8)], k - + k p, wL - w' + p, with phase

determined by the sign of 8, which can in turn affect 6E and modify the

dispersion relation. This force will be pondermotive if kLj > 1.55/x c

whereas the partial pressure force will dominate if k! < 1.55/Xc [Fejer,

*1979]. Here A is the electron mean free path and kL the component ofc a

parallel to the magnetic field. We take k - kxx + kzz, an ambient

electric field Eox, and N - No(y), i.e., a configuration unstable to the E

x B and current convective instabilities. The growth rate in (18) is

maximized for x a - + 80 + (ve/Wo) (w2 - 2w2 ). Inserting this-a o t(ei o pe 0

value for 6, eq. (18) can be written as

k2 e -lVin2+ 'n 'e')-' ve (kxL) [_ c kE - kzV (kLQ

k2 9 x i1 x o zd-4 x

x pe) pe D k2 - Dflk2 (21)

fe Vei o" pe I

Here the upper (plus) sign refers to the case when 6 > 0 (destabilization)

while the lower (minus) sign applies when 6 < 0 (stabilization). Eq. (21)

gives the approximate minimum required power density for destabilization or

stabilization

C32 (kQ 2u -N vei vi ek EITZ ' x -0 [(kL) j-I j 0- kzVd)-(Dlk2 + DIk2)

..

4 97

*~hi

k2 V inV ei B2(cj g2)

x (- ei 0 e (22)k 2 i Pe ck2

where we have assumed a circularly polarized 0 mode with t f - n12 in eq.

(19).IFor typical ionospheric F region parameters at diffuse auroral

latitudes in the 300-400 km altitude range, which give linear unstable8.5 6 06e- , 7pe-1 32 -1

growth ( 8.5 x 10 sec 1 Wpe 3 x 10 7sec - 1 Vei 5 x 10 2sec

Vin/ i = 10-4 , E 0 l0 mV/m,T = T1 1000K, Jn = neVd = I VA/m 2,

kL = 2 x 10, k - 30 m, kz/k ! 10 we find from (22) the

approximate power density for stabilization to be cE2 /8w t 6 x 10 2W/mpThis is an overestimate since we have not considered electric field

enhancements near the reflection point [Ginzburg 19641. For an linearly

damped mode k-1 - 5m, we find, using eq. (22) the approximate power densitynecessary for destabilization (6 > 0) to be cE2/8w 3.2 x 10-4W/m 2

pThis power density corresponds to a pump electric field amplitude of

E p= 1.5 x l0-2V/m. This electric field amplitude is comparable to that

required by the thermal coupling mechanism of Vaskov and Gurevich [1975,m1977] and Das and Fejer [1979] to destabilize field-aligned density

irregularities with scale lengths on the order of 0.5 - 5m. In reality,

both the mechanism discussed in this paper and thermal mechanisms are

probably acting simultaneously. From the coupling parameter as given by

(19) we see that there must be a component of E perpendicular to B

since k /k<< 1. At high latitudes this can be accomplished using a

vertically incident pump wave. An 0-mode pump wave is preferred since the

X-mode will be reflected at the right hand cutoff before it ever reaches

the coupling region near the local upper hybrid frequency.

3. SUMMARY

The parametric effects of a large amplitude electromagnetic pump wave

on convective plasma fluid instabilities (E x B gradient drift and current

convective) in the high latitude F region ionosphere have been studied

analytically. These convective instabilities have been invoked (Keskinen

and Ossakow- 1982] to explain naturally occurring density irregularities in

8

and near large scale convecting auroral plasma enhancements [Vickrey et

±a.., 1980]. We find that parametric coupling effects associated with a

pump wave oscillating with approximately the upper hybrid frequency can

stabilize or destabilize the E x B gradient drift and/or the current-

convective instability. For parameters typical of the nighttime high

latitude F region ionosphere, we find that these modes can be

stabilized/destabilized with a free space incident power density on the

order of 10-Wm 2 Since the pump wave should have a component of its

* electric field vector perpendicular to the magnetic field, a vertically

propagating 0 mode is suggested. In addition, we note that these power

density levels needed could be achieved using current ionospheric heaters

* located in Norway [Stubbe et al., 19811 and Alaska [Wong et al.. 19811.

In our development we have made several approximations. We have

assumed that *the pump electric fields are spatially uniform (dipole

approximation). We have ignored pump induced temperature and density

changes. The time scale for these changes, to a firit approximation, is

longer than the parametric time scales of the instabilities studied here.

- In addition, we have neglected lower altitude absorption effects. Finally,

we have assumed that the instabilities studied here are at or near marginal

stability. We reserve these topics for a future report.

9

%I

Appendix I

In solving eq. (17) for the growth rate V we must first evaluate the

quantity H ( + W ) + H (W- W) where H () = - x e (01e 0 e o e ewI[1 + 4w X(M)] and xe(w) is given by eq. (13). We have

e -2 zxk I

1 k2 e I + e oH e(w) - -- 2p. [_I z+I V

e-we ei k2 "e l+e 2 1+ 2e N k2

e o2

k2 k2 zxk VNO+ ne 1e z i e -- oe Ve k 2 k2 1+ 2 k2 ' e 1+ N k2

ww e e 0

{l-[i [-.. ii,

.2 e e

pe e

W-e fl-(w+ivi )2S-[ + weI 2 (Al)

[1 W+l*Vi l

pe

where we have neglected the small k and VN effects on the sidebandsz0

H e(U+w ) and He (w-wo). As a result we can write, with w + w+w -we

ee e e ei 1o

.-z.+% . l + "+ 2-( .+= +iv )e (W+w) [+ e + I-

pe

"w++we+Vei.2[++e e 1+ [na2-(-j++we~ +Ve )2

e+ew++wev i 1 i++ e e ei

- l+iVi (++wel

pe o

6e +- p 10

.10

. .., . -..-.. .. ..- -. • . , -W '.,:-,'..-.-,.., . ._, , -v ..'<.- .., _, ,,', .: . . . .' _ ., . ...-,-. ,Z.le tt-, r.. n t.,. , t ..

where we have assumed that w~~,w. ,v /W << 1, and 6 iw 2 ++44eo' c+o-'i 0 pe(+ V2-w2. Similarly,e e o

6i *,2-(w2 -2w 2)

As a result 0 e

Hej .0 + H-'(,..) X 6(62+62)1 (li

where 60 -(Vei/wo)(w 2 -2w2). Inserting Eq. (A0) into eq. (17) it is

straightforward to solve for I w =y as given by eq. (18).

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Defense Nuclear Agency and the Of fice

of Naval Research.

REFERENCES

Aarons, J., A descriptive model of F layer high-altitude irregularities as

shown by scintillation observations, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 7441, 1973.

Arnush, D., Nishikawa, B.D. Fried, C.F. Kennel, and A.Y. Wong, Theory of

double resonance parametric excitation in plasmas, Phys. Fluids,16,

2270, 1973.

Chaturvedi, P.K. and S.L. Ossakow, Nonlinear stabilization of the current

convective instability in the diffuse aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6.,

957, 1979.

Chaturvedi, P.K. and S.L. Ossakow, The current convective instability as

applied to the auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., , 4811, 1981.

Clark, D.H. and W.J. Raitt, The global morphology of irregularities in the

topside ionosphere as measured by the total ion current probe on

ESRO-4, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 873, 1976.

Das, A.C., and J.A. Fejer, Resonance instability of small-scale field-

aligned irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6701, 1979.

Davies, K., Review of recent progress in ionospheric prediction, Radio

Sci., 1_6, 1407, 1981.

DuBois, D.F. and M.V. Goldman, Radiation-induced instability of electron

plasma oscillations, Phys. Rev. Lett., 14 544, 1965.

Dyson, P.L., Direct measurement of the size and amplitude of irregularities

in the topside ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res.. 74, 6291, 1969.

Dyson, P.L. and J.D. Winningham, Topside ionospheric spread F and particle

precipitation in the dayside magnetospheric clefts, J. Geophys. Res.

79, 5219, 1974.

Erukhimov, L.H., A.M. Lerner, V.I. Kosolapenko, and E.N. Myasnikov, The

spectral form of small-scale plasma turbulence in the auroral

ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 931, 1981.

Fainberg, Y. and V.D. Shapiro, Drift instabilities of a plasma situated in

a high frequency electric field, JETP, 25, 189, 1967.

Fejer, J.A., Ionospheric modification and parametric instabilities, Rev.

Geophys. and Space Physics, 17, 135, 1979.

Fremouw, E.J., C.L. Rino, R.C. Livingston, and M.D. Cousins, A persistent

subauroral scintillation enhancement observed in Alaska, Geophys. Res.

ett 539, 1977.

12 "

- . : <. -. - :::::::::::::::: .-:: .. , .: .

Ginsburg, V.L., The Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma,

Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1964.

Greenwald, R.A., Diffuse radar aurora and the gradient drift instability,

J. Geophys. Res., 19 4807, 1974.

Hanuise, C., J.P. Villain, and M. Crochet, Spectral studies of F region

irregularities in the auroral zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., _8, 1083, 1981.

Hower, G.L., D.M. Ranz, and C.L. Allison, Comparison of HF radar echoes and

high latitude spread-F measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 71., 3215, 1966.

- Kadomtsev, B.B. and A.V. Nedospasov, Instability of the positive column in

- a magnetic field and the "anomalous diffusion effect," J. Nucl. Energy,

Part C, 1 230, 1960.

Kelley, M.C., K.D. Baker, C. Rino, and J.C. Ulwick, Simultaneous rocket

probe scintillation and incoherent scatter radar observations of

irregularities in the auroral zone ionosphere, Radio Sci., 15, 491,

1980.

Keskinen, M.J., S.L. Ossakow, and B.E. McDonald, Nonlinear evolution of

diffuse auroral F region ionospheric irregularities, Geophys. Res.

Lett., 7, 573, 1980.

Keskinen, M.J. and S.L. Ossakow, Nonlinear evolution of plasma enhancements

in the auroral ionosphere I: Long wavelength irregularities, J.

Geophys. Res. 87, 144, 1982.

Keskinen, M.J. and S.L. Ossakow, Nonlinear evolution of convecting plasmaenhancements in the auroral ionosphere II: Small scale irregularities,

J. Geophys. Res., 88, 474, 1983b.

Keskinen, N.J. and S.L. Ossakow, Theories of high latitude ionospheric

irregularities - a review, Radio Sci.- (in press), 1983a.

Lee, K., P.K. Kaw, and C.F. Kennel, External production and control of

electrojet irregularities, J. Geophys. Res.- 77 4197, 1972.

Lehnert, B., Diffusion processes in the positive column in a longitudinal

magnetic field, in Proceedings of the Second Geneva Conference on the

Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 32, 349, 1958.

.4 Linson, L.M. and J.B. Workman, Formation of striations in ionospheric

plasma clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 3211, 1970.

Nishikawa, K., Parametric excitation of coupled waves, 2, Parametric

plasmon-photon interaction, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 24, 916, 1968.

13

%,

Ogawa, T., H. Mori, and S. Miyazaki, Rocket observations of electron

density irregularities in the antarctic auroral E region, J. Geophys.

Res., 81, 4013, 1976.

Olesen, J.K., F. Primdahl, F. Spangslev, E. Ungstrup, A. Bahnsen, U.

Fahlson, C.-G. Falthammer, and A. Pedersen, Rocket borne wave and

plasma observations in unstable polar cap E region, Geophys. Res.

Lett., % 399, 1976.

Ossakow, S.L. and P.K. Chaturvedi, Current convective instability in the

diffuse aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 332, 1979.

Perkins, F.W., C. Oberman, and E.J. Valeo, Parametric Instabilities and

Ionospheric Modification, J. Geophys. Res., 7% 1478-1496, 1974.

Phelps, A.D.R. and R.C. Sagalyn, Plasma density irregularities in the high-

latitude topside ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 81., 515, 1976.

Rodriguez, P., M. Singh, D.N. Walker, E.P. Szusczewicz, and J.C. Holmes,The STP/S3-4 satellite experiment: high latitude, Effects of the

Ionosphere on Radiowave Systems, ed. J.M. Goodman, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1981.

Sagalyn, R.C., M. Smiddy, and M. Ahmed, High-latitude irregularities in the

topside ionosphere based on Isis 1 thermal probe, J. Geophys. Res., 79,

4252, 1974.

Silin, V.P., Parametric resonance in a plasma, JETP, 21, 1127, 1965.

Simon, A., Instability of a partially ionized plasma in crossed electric

and magnetic fields, Phys. Fluids, 6, 382, 1963.

Stubbe, P., H. Kopka, and R.L. Dowden, Generation of ELF and VLF waves by

polar electrojet modulation: experimental results, J. Geophys. Res.,

8 9073, 1981.

Sundaram, A.K. and P.K. Kaw, Parametric excitation and suppression of drift

waves by lower hybrid fields, Nucl. Fusion 13 901, 1973.

Vickrey, J.F., C.L. Rino, and T.A. Potemra, Chatanika/Triad observations of

unstable ionization enhancements in the auroral F-region, Geophys. Res.

Lett., 789, 1980.

Weaver, P.F., Backscatter echoes from field-aligned irregularities In the F

region, J. Geophys. Res., 70 5425, 1965.

14

Wong, A.!., J. Roederer, R. Hunsucker, G. Dimonte, P. Viezbicke, J.

Gregorlo, and J. Santoru, Project HIPAS - High power active stimulation

of the auroral plasma, Effect of the Ionosphere on Radiowave Systems,

ed. J.H. Goodman, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

1981.

15t

V.

.44

p!

-4"

. 1

DISTRIEBUION LIST

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DIRECTORCOM,. CMD, CONT 7 INTELL INTERSERVICE NUCLEAR WEAPONS SCHOOLWASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 KIRTLAND An, NM 87115

OICY ATTN DOCUMENT CONTROLDIRECTOR

COMMAND CONTROL TECHNICAL CENTER JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFFPENTAGON RM BE 685 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301.WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 OICY ATTN J-3 WWMCCS EVALUATION OFFICE

O1CY ATTN C-65001CY ATTN C-312 R. MASON DIRECTOR

JOINT STRAT TGT PLANNING STAFFDIRECTOR OFFUTT An

DEFENSE ADVANCED RSCH PROJ AGENCY OMAHA, NB 68113ARCHITECT BUILDING OICY ATTN JLTW-21400 WILSON BLVD. OCY ATTN JPST G. GOETZARLINGTON, VA. 22209

OCY ATTN NUCLEAR MONITORING RESEARCH CHIEFO1CY ATTN STRATEGIC TECH OFFICE LIVERMORE DIVISION FLD COMMAND DNA

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

DEFENSE COMMUNICATION ENGINEER CENTER LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORY1860 WIERLE AVENUE P.O. BOX 808RESTON, VA. 22090 LIVERMORE, CA 94550

OICY ATTN CODE R410 O1CY ATTN FCPRLO1CY ATTN CODE R812

COMMANDANTDEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER NATO SCHOOL (SHAPE)CA1ERO STATION APO NEW YORK 09172ALEXANDRIA, VA. 22314 OICY ATTN U.S. DOCUMENTS OFFICER02CY

UNDER SECY OF DEF FOR RSCH & ENGRG

DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEDEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301WASHINGTON, D.C. 20305 OICY ATTN STRATEGIC & SPACE SYSTEMS (OS)

O1CY ATTN STVL04CY ATTN TITL WNCCS SYSTEM ENGINEERING ORGOCY ATTN DDST WASHINGTON, D.C. 2030503CY ATTN RAAE O1CY ATTN R. CRAWFORD

COMMANDER COMM ANDER/DIRECTORFIELD COMfMAND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LABORATORYDEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY U.S. ARMY ELECTRONICS COMMANDKIRTLAND, AFn, NM 87115 WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE, NM 88002

O1CY ATTN FCPR OICY ATTN DELAS-EO F. NILES

17

.-. ,':, "..,.".- . .- ,, .... . ., . ... . . .,....-.,.. . . . .. .. ,. . .. . .. . ,. ... . .. ,.. . .. . .. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .o.

DIRECTOR COMMANDERBMD ADVANCED TECH CTR U.S. ARMY NUCLEAR AND CHEMICAL AGENCYHUNTSVILLE OFFICE 7500 BACKLICK ROAD

P.O. BOX 1500 BLDG 2073HUNTSVILLE, AL 35807 SPRINGFIELD, VA 22150

OICY ATTN ATC-T MELVIN T. CAPPS OCY ATTN LIBRARYOCY ATTN ATC-O W. DAVIESOICY ATTN ATC-R DON RUSS DIRECTOR

U.S. ARMY BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY

PROGRAM MANAGER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005MD PROGRAM OFFICE OICY ATTN TECH LIBRARY EDWARD BAICY

5001 EISENHOWER AVENUEALEXANDRIA, VA 22333 COMMANDER

OICY ATTN DACS-BMT J. SHEA U.S. ARMY SATCOM AGENCYFT. MONMOUTH, NJ 07703

CHIEF C-E- SERVICES DIVISION 01CY ATTN DOCUMENT CONTROLU.S. ARMY COMMUNICATIONS CMDPENTAGON RM 11269 COMMANDER

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20310 U.S. ARMY MISSILE INTELLIGENCE AGENCYO*l'Y ATTN C- E-SERVICES DIVISION REDSTONE ARSENAL, AL 35809

OICY ATTN JIM GAMBLECOMMANDERFRADCOM TECHNICAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY DIRECTORDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. ARMY TRADOC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ACTIVITYFORT MONMOUTH, N.J. 07703 WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE, NM 88002

01CY ATTN DRSEL-NL-RD H. BENNET 01CY ATTN ATAA-SAOICY ATTN DRSEL-PL-ENV R. BOMS E OICY ATTN TCC/F. PAYAN JR.OICY ATTN J.E. QUIGLEY OCY ATTN ATTA-TAC LTC J. HESSE

COMMANDER COMMANDERU.S. ARMY COMM-ELEC ENGRG INSTAL ACY NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMANDFT. HUACHUCA, AZ 85613 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20360

O1CY ATTN CCC-EMEO GEORGE LANE 01CY ATTN NAVALEX 034 T. HUGHES

OCY ATTN PE 117COMMANDER O1CY ATTN PME 117-TU.S. ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE & TECH CTR OICY ATTN CODE 5011220 7TH STREET, NECHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22901 COMMANDING OFFICER

O1CY ATTN DRXST-SD NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT CTR4301 SUITLAND ROAD, BLDG. 5

COMMANDER WASHINGTON, D.C. 20390U.S. ARMY MATERIAL DEV & READINESS CMD OCY ATTN MR. DUBBIN STIC 125001 EISENHOWER AVENUE OICY ATTN NISC-50ALEXANDRIA, VA 22333 01CY ATTN CODE 5404 J. GALET

O1CY ATTN DRCLDC J.A. BENDER

18

:,, ,,,.-,£ o - ,.. - -. '*. . .- ,.- .-. . . - . . . . . .- -.. . , . . . . , . -

" : : " , ,,_ , '" '., ,",. ."".' '.o ",","' ." ..''.:. ". " . .. .- .. ... , . ." .'. .. .:-. ".... . ,-". '.'- ." .-- ,. -' . - ."- .. -. " . .- . . '

O~~~~~~~o, ~~~~~~~~.. . . ....... -' ... _...,..,... .... .. . ..... . ...... -.... . -.

COM ANDER COMMANDERNAVAL OCCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER AEROSPACE DEFENSE COMMAND/DCSAN DIEGO, CA 92152 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

OtCY ATTN J. FERGUSON ENT AFB, CO 80912OICY ATTN DC MR. LONG

NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORYWASHINGTON, D.C. 20375 COMMANDEROICY ATTN CODE 4700 S. L. Ossakow AEROSPACE DEFENSE COIMMANDIXPD

26 CYS IF UNCLASS. I CY IF CLASS) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCEOICY ATTN CODE 4701 1 Vitkovitsky ENT AFB, CO 80912OICY ATTN CODE 4780 BRANCH HEAD (100 OICY ATTN XPDQQ

CYS IF UNCLASS, 1 CY IF CLASS) OICY ATTN XPOICY ATTN CODE 7500O"CY ATTN CODE 7550 AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LABORATORYOICY ATTN CODE 7580 HIANSCOM AFB, MA 01731O"CY ATTN CODE 7551 OCY ATTN OPR HAROLD GARDNEROCY ATTN CODE 7555 0ICY ATTN LKB KENNETH S.W. CHAMPIONOICY ATTN CODE 4730 E. MCLEAN OCY ATTN OPR ALVA T. STAIROCY ATTN CODE 4108 OCY ATTN PHD JURGEN BUCHAUOICY ATTN CODE 4730 B. RIPIN OlCY ATTN PHD JOHN P. MULLEN22CY ATTN CODE 2628

AF WEAPONS LABORATORYCOMMANDER KIRTLAND AFT, NM 87117NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND OLCY ATTN SULWASHINGTON, D.C. 20362 OICY ATTN CA ARTHUR H. GUENTHEROCY ATTN CAPT R. PITKIN OICY ATTN NTYCE ILT. G. KRAJEI

COMMANDER AFTACNAVAL SPACE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM PATRICK AFB, FL 32925DAHLGREN, VA 22448 OICY ATTN TF/MAJ WILEY

01CY ATTN CAPT J.H. BURTON OICY ATTN TN

OFFICER-IN-CHARGE AIR FORCE AVIONICS LABORATORYNAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433WHITE OAK, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 OCY ATTN AAD WADE HUNT

O1CY ATTN CODE F31 OICY ATTN AAD ALLEN JOHNSON

DIRECTOR DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF* STRATEGIC SYSTEMS PROJECT OFFICE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, & ACQ

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCEWASHINGTON, D.C. 20376 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20330

OLCY ATTN NSP-2141 OCY ATTN AFRDQO1CY ATTN NSSP-2722 FRED WIMBERLY

HEADQUATERSCOMMANDER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIVISION/XRNAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTER DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCEDAHLGREN LABORATORY HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731DAHLGREN, VA 22448 O1CY ATTN XR J. DEAS

OICY ATTN CODE DF-14 R. BUTLERHEADQUATERS

OFFICER OF NAVAL RESEARCH ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIVISION/YSEAARLINGTON, VA 22217 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCEOICY ATTH CODE 465 HANSCOM AFB, MA 01732

OICY ATTN CODE 461 01CY ATTN YSEAOCY ATTN CODE 402OICY ATTN CODE 420OlCY ATTN CODE 421

19

", ' : ,-i .':.-._: ':,':,': ".,,." " ", .,..' ' ".-.-..- -,-.-.- . •:-, '.. • --. -.

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIVISION/DC ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS OFFICEDEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE P.O. BOX 5400HANSCOM AFBP, MA 01731 ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87115OCY ATTN DCKC MAJ J.C. CLARK OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR D. SHERWOOD

S...

COMMANDER EG&G, INC.FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, AFSC LOS ALAMOS DIVISIONWRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 P.O. BOX 809

OICY ATTN NICD LIBRARY LOS ALAMOS, NM 85544OICY ATTN ETDP B. BALLARD OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR J. BREEDLOVE

COMMANDER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, AFSC LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORYGRIFFISS AFB, NY 13441 P.O. BOX 808

OICY ATTN DOC LIBRARY/TSLD LIVERMORE, CA 94550OCY ATTN OCSE V. COYNE OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR TECH INFO DEPT

OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR L-389 R. OTTSAMSO/SZ OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR L-31 R. HAGERPOST OFFICE BOX 92960 OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR L-46 F. SEWARDWORLDWAY POSTAL CENTERLOS ANGELES, CA 90009 LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

(SPACE DEFENSE SYSTEMS) P.O. BOX 1663OICY ATTN SZJ LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545

OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR J. WOLCOTTSTRATEGIC AIR COMMAND/XPFS 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR R.F. TASCHEKOFFUTT AFB, NB 68113 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR E. JONES

OICY ATTH ADWATE MAJ BRUCE BAUER 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR J. MALIKOCY ATTN NRT OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR R. JEFFRIESOCY ATTN DOK CHIEF SCIENTIST OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR J. ZINN

01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR P. KEATONSAMSO/SK OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR D. WESTERVELTP.O. BOX 92960WORLDWAY POSTAL CENTER SANDIA LABORATORIESLOS ANGELES, CA 90009 P.O. BOX 5800

OICY ATTN SKA (SPACE C0O4 SYSTEMS) ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87115M. CLAVIN OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR W. BROWN

O1CY ATTN DOC CON FOR A. TIIORNBROUGHSAMSO/MN OICY ATTN DOC CON FOR T. WRIGHTNORTON AFB, CA 92409 OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR D. DAHLGREN(MINUTEMAN) 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR 3141

01CY ATTN MMML 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR SPACE PROJECT DIV

CO4MANDER SANDIA LABORATORIESROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, AFSC LIVERMORE LABORATORYHANSCOM AFB, MA 01731 P.O. BOX 969

OICY ATTN EEP A. LORENTZEN LIVERMORE, CA 94550O1CY ATTN DOC CON FOR B. MURPHEY

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 01CY ATTN DOC CON FOR T. COOKLIBRARY ROOM G-042WASHINGTON, D.C. 20545 OFFICE OF MILITARY APPLICATION

OCY ATTN DOC CON FOR A. LABOWITZ DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYWASHINGTON, D.C. 20545

01CY ATTN DOC CON DR. YO SONG

20

*°-.

OTHER GOVERNMENT BOEING COMPANY, THE

P.O. BOX 3707DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SEATTLE, WA 98124NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 01CY ATTN G. KEISTERWASHINGTON, D.C. 20234 01CY ATTN D. MURRAY

(ALL CORRES: ATTN SEC OFFICER FOR) 01CY ATTN G. HALLOCY ATTN R. MOORE 01CY ATTN J. KENNEY

INSTITUTE FOR TELECOM SCIENCES CALIFORNIA AT SAN DIEGO, UNIV OFNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS & INFO ADMIN P.O. BOX 6049BOULDER, CO 80303 SAN DIEGO, CA 92106

OICY ATTN A. JEAN (UNCLASS ONLY) CHARLES STARK DRAPER LABORATORY, INC.01CY ATTN W. UTLAUT 555 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE01CY ATTN D. CROMBIE CAMBRIDGE, MA 0213901CY ATTN L. BERRY OCY ATTN D.B. COX

01CY ATTN J.P. GILMORE

NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES COMSAT LABORATORIESDEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE LINTHICUM ROADBOULDER, CO 80302 CLARKSBURG, MD 20734

OICY ATTN R. GRUBB OICY ATTN G. HYDEOtCY ATTN AERONOMY LAB G. REID

CORNELL UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ITHACA, NY 14850AEROSPACE CORPORATION 01CY ATTN D.T. FARLEY, JR.P.O. BOX 92957LOS ANGELES, CA 90009 ELECTROSPACE SYSTEMS, INC.

01CY ATTN I. GARFUNKEL BOX 135901CY ATTN T. SALMI RICHARDSON, TX 75080OCY ATTN V. JOSEPHSON OICY ATTN H. LOGSTONOCY ATTN S. BOWER OICY ATTN SECURITY (PAUL PHILLIPS)OICY ATTN D. OLSEN

EOS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORP 606 Wilshire Blvd.5 OLD CONCORD ROAD Santa Monica, Calif 90401

BURLINGTON, MA 01803 OICY ATTN C.B. GABBARDO1CY ATTN RADIO SCIENCES r.

ESL, INC.

AUSTIN RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 495 JAVA DRIVE1901 RUTLAND DRIVE SUNNYVALE, CA 94086AUSTIN, TX 78758 OICY ATTN J. ROBERTS

OICY ATTN L. SLOAN OCY ATTN JAMES MARSHALLOCY ATTN R. THOMPSON

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYBERKELEY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. SPACE DIVISIONP.O. BOX 983 VALLEY FORGE SPACE CENTERBERKELEY, CA 94701 GODDARD BLVD KING OF PRUSSIA

OICY ATTN J. WORKMAN P.O. BOX 8555OICY ATTN C. PRETTIE PHILADELPHIA, PA 19101O1CY ATTN S. BRECHT O1CY ATTN M.H. BORTNER SPACE SCI LAB

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYP.O. BOX 1122SYRACUSE, NY 13201O1CY ATTN F. REIBERT

21-.

4 * -. ... 1.- .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 . ,t,. - . . , . . . . , . . . . '. , - ;-, , ;-- . , ' " ., - - -

. . . . . , - ' -. . " -

GENERAL ELECTRIC TECH SERVICES CO., INC. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITYEmiS APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORYCOURT STREET JOHNS HOPKINS ROADSYRACUSE, NY 13201 LAUREL, MD 20810

OICY ATTN G. MILLMAN O1CY ATTN DOCUMENT LIBRARIANOCY ATTN THOMAS POTENRA

GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE O1CY ATTN JOHN DASSOULAS

. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKAFAIRBANKS, AK 99701 KAMAN SCIENCES CORP

(ALL CLASS ATMT-: SECkMITY OFFICER) P.O. BOX 7463OCY ATTN T.N. DAVIS (UNCLASS ONLY) COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80933

OCY ATTN TECHNICAL LIBRARY OCY ATTN T. MEAGHEROICY ATTN NEAL BROWN (UNCLASS ONLY)

KAMAN TEMPO-CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDIESGTE SYLVANIA, INC. 816 STATE STREET (P.O DRAWER QQ)ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS GRP-EASTERN DIV - SANTA BARBARA, CA 9310277 A STREET OICY ATTN DASIACNEEDHAM, MA 02194 01CY ATTN WARREN S. KNAPP

01CY ATTN DICK STEINHOF OICY ATTN WILLIAM MCNAMARA01CY ATTN B. GAMBILL

SS, INC.2 ALFRED CIRCLE LINKABIT CORPBEDFORD, MA 01730 10453 ROSELLEOCY ATTN DONALD HANSEN SAN DIEGO, CA 92121

01CY ATTN IRWIN JACOBSILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF107 COBLE HALL LOCKHEED MISSILES & SPACE CO., INC150 DAVENPORT HOUSE P.O. BOX 504CHAMPAIGJT, IL 61820 SUNNYVALE, CA 94088

(ALL CORRES ATTN DAN MCCLELLAND) OICY ATTN DEPT 60-12OCY ATTN K. YEE OICY ATTN D.R. CHURCHILL

INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES LOCKHEED MISSILES & SPACE CO., INC.

1801 NO. BEAUREGARD STREET 3251 HANOVER STREETALEXANDRIA, VA 22311 PALO ALTO, CA 94304OCY ATTN J.M. AEIN OLCY ATTN MARTIN WALT DEPT 52-12

01CY ATTN ERNEST BAUER OICY ATTN W.L. IMHOF DEPT 52-12OICY ATTN HANS WOLFARD OICY ATTN RICHARD G. JOHNSON DEPT 52-12OCY ATTN JOEL BENGSTON OCY ATTN J.B. CLADIS DEPT 52-12

INTL TEL & TELEGRAPH CORPORATION MARTIN MARIETTA CORP500 WASHINGTON AVENUE ORLANDO DIVISIONNUMLEY, NJ 07110 P.O. BOX 5837OICY ATTN TECHNICAL LIBRARY ORLANDO, FL 32805

OCY ATTN R. HEFFNERJAYCOR11011 TORREYANA ROAD M.I.T. LINCOLN LABORATORY

P.O. BOX 85154 P.O. BOX 73SAN DIEGO, CA 92138 LEXINGTON, MA 02173OICY ATTN J.L. SPERLING OCY ATTN DAVID N. TOWLE

OCY ATTN L. LOUGHLIN0ICY ATTN D. CLARK

22

'%, . ____-:-:;:; -,:.:.-,.,.:.?: - .. ...-...-. : .-,:: - .:.. .:. .- . :- .:. .-. .. .. -.- ..- . . . :- -. .

-"I --- 7

MCDONNEL DOUGLAS CORPORATION PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY5301 BOLSA AVENUE IONOSPHERE RESEARCH LAB

HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647 318 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EASTOCY ATTN N. HARRIS UNIVERSITY PARK, PA 16802OCY ATTN J. MOULE (NO CLASS TO THIS ADDRESS)01CY ATTN GEORGE MROZ 01CY ATTN IONOSPHERIC RESEARCH LABOCY ATTN W. OLSON01CY ATTN R.W. HALPRIN PHOTOMETRICS, INC.OCY ATTN TECHNICAL LIBRARY SERVICES 4 ARROW DRIVE

WOBURN, MA 01801MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION 01CY ATTN IRVING L. KOFSKY735 STATE STREETSANTA BARBARA, CA 93101 PHYSICAL DYNAMICS, INC.OCY ATTN P. FISCHER P.O. BOX 302701CY ATTN W.F. CREVIER BELLEVUE, WA 9800901CY ATTN STEVEN L. GUTSCHE 01CY ATTN E.J. FREMOUW01CY ATTN D. SAPPENFIELDOCY ATTN R. BOGUSCH PHYSICAL DYNAMICS, INC.01CY ATTN R. HENDRICK P.O. BOX 1036701CY ATTN RALPH KILB OAKLAND, CA 94610OLCY ATTN DAVE SOWLE ATTN A. THOMSONOCY ATTN F. FAJENOICY ATTN M. SCHEIBE R & D ASSOCIATES01CY ATTN CONRAD L. LONGMIRE P.O. BOX 969501CY ATTN B. WHITE MARINA DEL REY, CA 90291

01CY ATTN FORREST GILMOREMISSION RESEARCH CORP. OCY ATTN WILLIAM B. WRIGHT, JR.1400 SAN MATEO BLVD. SE OCY ATTN ROBERT F. LELEVIERSUITE A 01CY ATTN WILLIAM J. KARZASALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87108 01CY ATTN H. ORY

OICY R. STELLINGWERF OCY ATTN C. MACDONALD01CY M. ALME OCY ATTN R. TURCOOCY L. WRIGHT OCY ATTN L. DeRAND

OlCY ATTN W. TSAIMITRE CORPORATION, THEP.O. BOX 208 RAND CORPORATION, THEBEDFORD, MA 01730 1700 MAIN STREET

OCY ATTN JOHN MORGANSTERN SANTA MONICA, CA 9040601CY ATTN G. HARDING OICY ATTN CULLEN CRAIN01CY ATTN C.E. CALLAHAN OCY ATTN ED BEDROZIAN

MITRE CORP RAYTHEON CO.WESTGATE RESEARCH PARK 528 BOSTON POST ROAD1820 DOLLY MADISON BLVD SUDBURY, MA 01776MCLEAN, VA 22101 OICY ATTN BARBARA ADAMS

01CY ATTN W. HALL01CY ATTN W. FOSTER RIVERSIDE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

80 WEST END AVENUEPACIFIC-SIERRA RESEARCH CORP NEW YORK, NY 1002312340 SANTA MONICA BLVD. 0ICY ATTN VINCE TRAPANILOS ANGELES, CA 90025OCY ATTN E.C. FIELD, JR.

4

14 23

w r.r . . . ..

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC. TRW DEFENSE & SPACE SYS GROUPP.O. BOX 2351 ONE SPACE PARKLA JOLLA, CA 92038 REDONDO BEACH, CA 90278 1

OLCY ATTN LEWIS H. LINSON 01CY ATTN R. K. PLEBUCH

OCY ATTN DANIEL A. HAMLIN 01CY ATTN S. ALTSCHULER

01CY ATTN E. FRIEMAN OICY ATTN D. DEE01CY ATTN E.A. STRAKER 01CY ATTN D. STOCKWELL

OCY ATTN CURTIS A. SMITH SNTF/157501CY ATTN JACK MCDOUGALL• :. VISIDYNE

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC SOUTH BEDFORD STREET

1710 GOODRIDGE DR. BURLINGTON, MASS 01803

MCLEAN, VA 22102 01CY ATTN W. REIDYATTN: J. COCKAYNE 01CY ATTN J. CARPENTER

OICY ATTN C. HUMPHREY

A SRI INTERNATIONAL333 RAVENSWOOD AVENUEMENLO PARK, CA 94025

O1CY ATTN DONALD NEILSONOCY ATTN ALAN BURNS

. 01CY ATTN C. SMITH01CY ATTN R. TSUNODAOCY ATTN DAVID A. JOHNSONOCY ATTN WALTER G. CHESNUTOICY ATTN CHARLES L. RINO01CY ATTN WALTER JAYEOICY ATTN J. VICKREYOICY ATTN RAY L. LEADABRAND01CY ATTN G. CARPENTEROCY ATTN G. PRICEOCY ATTN J. PETERSONO1CY ATTN R. LIVINGSTONO1CY ATTN V. GONZALES01CY ATTN D. MCDANIEL t,

'ISTEWART RADIANCE LABORATORYUTAH STATE UNIVERSITYI DE ANGELO DRIVE

BEDFORD, MA 0173001CY ATTN J. ULWICK

TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORP75 WIGGINS AVENUEBEDFORD, MA 01730

01CY ATTN W.P. BOQUIST

TOYON

34 WALNUT LAND

SANTA BARBARA, CA 93111OICY ATTN JOHN ISE, JR.OICY ATTN JOEL GARBARINO

24

N2

.*Ip. -,l--- . .. . .. . .. .

IONOSPHERIC MODELING DISTRIBUTION LIST

(UNCLASSIFIED ONLY)

PLEASE DISTRIBUTE ONE COPY TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE (UNLESS OTHERWISENOTED)

NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYWASHINGTON, P.C. 20375 PLASMA FUSION CENTER

DR. P. MANGE - CODE 4101 LIBRARY, NW16-262DR. E. SZUSZCZEWICZ - CODE 4108 CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139DR. J. GOODMAN - CODE 4180DR. P. RODRIGUEZ - CODE 4108 NASA

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER* A.F. GEOPHYSICS LABORATORY GREENBELT, MD 20771* L.G. HANSCOM FIELD DR. R.F. BENSON. BEDFORD, MA 01730 DR. K. MAEDA

DR. T. ELKINS Dr. S. CURTISDR. W. SWIDER Dr. M. DUBINMRS. R. SAGALYN DR. N. MAYNARD - CODE 696DR. J.M. FORBESDR. T.J. KENESHEA NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTERDR. W. BURKE CAMERON STATIONDR. H. CARLSON ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314DR. J. JASPERSE 12CY ATTN TC

BOSTON UNIVERSITY COMMANDER

DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMANDBOSTON, MA 02215 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

DR. 3. AARONS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20360DR. T. CZUBA

CORNELL UNIVERSITYITHACA, NY 14850 COMMANDER

DR. W.E. SWARTZ NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTERDR. R. SUDAN SAN DIEGO. CA 92152DR. D. FARLEY MR. R. ROSE - CODE 5321DR. M. KELLEY

NOAAHARVARD UNIVERSITY DIRECTOR OF SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTALHARVARD SQUARE LABORATORYCAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 BOULDER, CO 80302

DR. M.B. McELROY DR. A. GLENN JEANDR. R. LINDZEN DR. G.W. ADAMS

DR. D.N. ANDERSONINSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSIS DR. K. DAVIES400 ARMY/NAVY DRIVE DR. R. F. DONNELLYARLINGTON, VA 22202

DR. E. BAUER OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH800 NORTH QUINCY STREETARLINGTON, VA 22217

DR. G. JOINER

4

.225

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,UNIVERSITY PARK, PA 16802 LOS ANGELES

DR. J.S. NISBET 405 HILLGARD AVENUE

DR. P.R. ROHRBAUGH LOS ANGELES, CA 90024DR. L.A. CARPENTER DR. F.V. CORONITI

DR. H. LEE DR. C. KENNELDR. R. DIVANY DR. A.Y. WONG

DR. P. BENNETTDR. F. KLEVANS UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND

COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740PRINCETON UNIVERSITY DR. K. PAPADOPOULOSPLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY DR. E. OTTPRINCETON, NJ 08540

DR. F. PERKINS JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITYAPPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, INC. JOHNS HOPKINS ROAD1150 PROSPECT PLAZA LAUREL, MD 20810LA JOLLA, CA 92037 DR. R. GREENWALD

DR. D.A. HAMLIN DR. C. MENGDR. L. LINSONDR. E. FRIEMAN UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH

PITTSBURGH, PA 15213

STANFORD UNIVERSITY DR. N. ZABUSKYSTANFORD, CA 94305 DR. M. BIONDI

DR. P.M. BANKS DR. E. OVERMAN

U.S. ARMY ABERDEEN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF TEXASAND DEVELOPMENT CENTER AT DALLAS

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY CENTER FOR SPACE SCIENCESABERDEEN, MD P.O. BOX 688

DR. J. HEIMERL RICHARDSON, TEXAS 75080DR. R. HEELIS

GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE DR. W. HANSONUNIVERSITY OF ALASKA DR. J.P. McCLUREFAIRBANKS, AK 99701

DR. L.C. LEE UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY4TH AND 8TH STREETS

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOGAN, UTAH 84322BERKELEY DR. R. HARRIS

BERKELEY, CA 94720 DR. K. BAKERDR. M. HUDSON DR. R. SCHUNK

DR. J. ST.-MAURICE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIALOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY KIRUNA GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTEJ-10, MS-664

LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 BOX 709DR. H. PONGRATZ S-98127 KIRUNA, SWEDEN'DR. D. SIMONS CHRISTER JUREN

DR. G. BARASCHDR. L. DUNCANDR. P. BERNHARDT

DR. S.P. GARY

26

I s , , , , "

• , . . . . . . . .. . . ....

12

FILMED

9-83

TIC... .......