NANOROBOTS

1)1) ARJUN S. GADGULARJUN S. GADGUL (S.E. E&TC)(S.E. E&TC)

2) SHIVKUMAR U. BIRAJDAR.2) SHIVKUMAR U. BIRAJDAR. (S.E. E&TC)(S.E. E&TC)

AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGG. AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGG. SANGAMNERSANGAMNER..

KEY WORDSNANOTECHNOLOGY:-technology for

microscopic devices: the art of manipulating materials on a very small scale in order to build microscopic machinery.

NANOROBOTS:-nanorobot is a tiny machine designed to perform a specific task or tasks repeatedly and with precision at nanoscale dimensions.

INTRODUCTIONNano means very very small.Nanotechnology has made use of such

small things on a large scale possible products manufactured.

One of the most “happening” and promising field of nanotechnology is ‘Nanorobotics’.

Nanorobots are of special interest to researchers in the medical industry.

APPROACHES FOR NANOTECHNOLOGYTOP-DOWN:-In the top-down process,

technologists start with a bulk material and create out a smaller structure from it.

This is the process commonly used today to create computer chips, the tiny memory and logic units, also known as integrated circuits that operate computers.

BOTTOM-UP:-The bottom-up approach involves the manipulation of atoms and molecules to form nanostructures.

TOOLS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY

SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE (STM).

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM).

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM).

SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPEAn STM uses a tiny probe, the tip of which can be as small as a single atom, to scan an object.Tunneling allows electrons emitted from the probe of the microscope to penetrate, or tunnel into, the surface of the object being examined.These moving electrons generate a tiny electric current that the STM measures.

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.

An AFM uses a tiny silicon tip, usually less than 100 nm in diameter, as a probe to create an image of a sample material. As the silicon probe moves along the surface of the sample, the electrons of the atoms in the sample repel the electrons in the probe.A sensing mechanism records the up-and-down movements of the probe and feeds the data into a computer, which creates a three-dimensional image of the surface of the sample.

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM)The TEM uses a high-energy electron beam to

probe material with a sample thickness of less than 100 nm.

The electron beam is directed onto the object to be magnified.

can magnify an object up to 30 million times.TEMs are suitable for imaging objects with

dimensions of less than 100 nm, and they yield information on the size of the nanostructure, its composition, and its crystal structures.

NANOROBOT FINDING PATH NANOROBOT AVOIDING OBSTACLES

NANOROBOT DELIVERING DRUG

NANOROBOTS IN MEDICAL SCIENCEThe advantages of tiny technology are

perhaps most apparent in medicine.Smaller foreign mechanical devices will be

able to reach the places where the larger equivalent can’t.

CANCER KILLERS:- The nanorobot would flow freely throughout the body, locate cancerous cells, and supply poison that would kill a cancerous cell.

Artificial Red Blood CellAnother application of a

nanorobot would be to provide oxygen in the event of impaired circulation.

In nanomedicine, Freitas claims to have already designed such an artificial red blood cell.

He refers to his simple medical robot as a "reciprocate".

NanopowderNanopowders contain particles

less than 100 nm in size (1/10,000th the thickness of a human hair).

The physical, chemical and biological properties of such small particles allow industry to incorporate enhanced functionalities into products.

Membranes Nanotechnology can address one of

the most pressing issues of the 21st Century — “safe, clean and affordable water”.

‘Nanomembrane filtration devices’ that ‘clean the polluted water’, are being explored by research teams in the US, Israel and Australia at various prosperous research centers .

FUTURE DIRECTION:-

• As this is a young field, present literature is relatively sparse and leaves much room for expansion of information. Specifically, the design of nanorobots needs more attention.

• Nanorobots hold promise for a strong presence in medicine to come. It proves essential when damage to the human body is highly selective, subtle, or time-critical.

• The Department of Defense health scientists issued a statement in 1997, which says that nanomedicine will play a major role by the year 2020, with initial applications focused in diagnostics and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and later proceeding into applications inside the body.

    

• Understanding ‘self-assembly’ which are the properties of some molecules to arrange themselves into a desired pattern or devices.

• To improve one’s control over how things are built, so that products can be of the highest quality and cause the lowest environmental degradation.

•Need for packing and protection from environment for the nano products is also a big challenge.

• It is also equally important to understand the relation of nanotechnology to other technologies

• Transforming the micro scale systems with the nano scale systems is the biggest problem.

CHALLENGES

CONCLUSION:-

Nanorobots can theoretically destroy all common diseases of the 20th Century , there by ending much of the pain and suffering .

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary study of particles, devices and system at the nano scale.

Research shows that operation at the nanoscale may prove quiet useful in area such as medicine and the environment.