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WRITING 2

IS JAVANESE LETTER STILL EXIST

Lecture:

AHRISAH, M.Pd

By:

Budi Setiyo Utomo 087051

Iqbalul ghafar 0870

2008 F

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA

JOMBANG

2010

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JAVANESE LETTER

The earliest known writing in Javanese dates from the 4th Century AD, at

which time Javanese was written with the Pallava alphabet. By the 10th Century, the

Kawi alphabet, which developed from Pallava, had a distinct Javanese form.By the 17th Century, the Javanese alphabet, also known as tjarakan or

carakan, had developed into its current form. During the Japanese occupation of

Indonesia between 1942 and 1945, the alphabet was prohibited.For a period from the 15th Century onwards, Javanese was also written with a

version of the Arabic alphabet, calledpgon orgundil.

Since the Dutch introduced the Latin alphabet to Indonesia in the 19thCentury, the Javanese alphabet has gradually been supplanted. Today it is used

almost exclusively by scholars and for decoration. Those who can read and write it

are held in high esteem.

Notable features Javanese is a syllabic alphabet - each letter has an inherent vowel /a/. Other

vowels can be indicated using a variety of diacritics which appear above, below,in front of or after the main letter.

Each consonants has two forms: the aksara form is used at the beginning of a

syllable, while thepasangan form, which usually appears below the aksara form,is used for the second consonant of a consonant cluster and mutes the vowel of

the aksara.

There are a number of special letters called aksara murda or aksara gedhe (great

or important letters) which are used for honorific purposes, such as to write thenames of respected people.

The order of the consonants makes the following saying, "Hana caraka, datasawala padha jayanya, maga bathanga" which means "There were (two)

emissaries, they began to fight, their valor was equal, they both fell dead"

Used to write:

Javanese (basa Jawa), an austronesian language spoken by about 80 million people in

Indonesia and Suriname. In Indonesia Javanese is spoken in Java, particularly in

central and east Java, and on the north coast of West Java, and in Madura, Bali,Lombok and in the Sunda region of West Java.

Javanese was used as the court language in Palembang, South Sumatra until the late

18th century and has been used as a literary language for over a millenium. It

currently has no official status though is recognised as a regional language in CentralJava, Yogyakarta and East Java. It is taught in some schools, and there are some radio

and TV programmes in Javanese, as well as a number of magazines.

The Javanese alphabet was also used to write Balinese and Sundanese, buthas been replaced by theLatin alphabet.

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The Javanese alphabet

Aksara consonants

Pasangan consonants

Aksara murda consonants

Subscript aksara murda consonants

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Vowels, vowel diacritics and final consonant diacritics

Punctuation

Numerals

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Sample text in the Javanese alphabet (Lord's Prayer)

Transliteration

Rama kahula hk wonten ' swarga. wasta sampeyan dadossa subi. sadamansampeyan rawuha. kars sampeyan dadossa ' bumi kados ' swarga. redekki kahula

k saintendinten sukanni dinten puniki mar kahula. hambi puntan mar kahula dosakahula, kados kahula puntan mar satungiltgil titiy k sala mar kahula. hambisampun bekta kahula ' pertoban. tapi tutullken kahula bari pada s awon, sababsadaman hambi kawasa sarta kamukten gusti kag annipun dumugi 'awet. Amin

Latin alphabet for Javanese

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Javanese pronunciation

Sample text in Javanese

Saben uwong kalairake kanthi mardika lan darbe martabat lan hak-hak kang padha.Kabeh pinaringan akal lan kalbu sarta kaajab pasrawungan anggone memitran siji lan

sijine kanthi jiwo sumadulur.

Translation

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowedwith reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of

brotherhood.(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

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The pictures below showed that javanese letter still exist!