panama canal and vietnam war. the need for a panama canal after the spanish american war, the new...
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Panama Canal and Vietnam WarPanama Canal and Vietnam War
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The Need for a Panama CanalThe Need for a Panama Canal
• After the Spanish American War, the new president Teddy Roosevelt realized the need of a short cut between the Pacific and the Atlantic coast.
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Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
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T.R. and the Panama CanalT.R. and the Panama CanalA canal could cut sailing distance
from NYC to San Francesco from 13,000 to 5,200 miles
A French company failed to complete canal and sold rights to U.S.
U.S. Columbia negotiations failedU.S. present when Panamanian
rebels declared independence from Columbia in 1903
Teddy Roosevelt," I took Panama!”U.S. makes a deal with Panama to
build and control the canal
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The Canal was Built at a Huge The Canal was Built at a Huge CostCost
Built 1904 – 1914Challenges: volcanic soil, disease
(malaria and yellow fever), dangerous conditions
Over 43, 000 workers employed5,600 die during construction
(accidents + disease)Cost U.S. about $380 millionU.S. paid Columbia $25 million for lost
land
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Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
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Handover of the Canal
• In 1977, president Carter signed two treaties, agreeing to return the Canal to Panamanians in 1999
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Vietnam War• As Cold War
intensified, the key to stopping the spread of Communism was Vietnam
• France gave up its control in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in what was called French Indochina
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Containment Policy/Domino Theory
• North Vietnam Communist leader Ho Chi Minh led a war of independence to unify the partitioned Vietnam
• Eisenhower saw the danger and made his Domino Theory speech in 1954 and laid the foundation for US involvement in Vietnam
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Tonkin Bay Incident
In 1964, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, where two American destroyers were apparently fired upon by the North Vietnamese, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolutions and gave president Johnson the power “to defend Vietnam at any cost.”
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The War Intensified
• LBJ started sending troops to Vietnam in 1965
• By 1968, more than half a million US troops were fighting in Vietnam
• After the “Tet Offensive”, a surprise attack by the North Vietnam army in 1968, the US public began to doubt the government and its claim of winning the war
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My Lai massacre, the use of napalm, public execution of suspects gradually turned the US
opinion against the war
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Nixon won the Whitehouse in 1968 and began his Vietnamization policy
• Nixon and his advisor Henry Kissinger wanted to gradually withdraw U.S. troops & replace them with South Vietnamese soldiers
• But he instead increased bombing Hanoi and ordered an invasion of Cambodia
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Protests Continued/ Draft Dodgers /Kent State Massacre
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The Fall of Saigon• In a series of peace
talks, the US finally got out of Vietnam in 1973 after all parties signed a ceasefire
• In 1975, North Vietnamese violated the ceasefire, toppled the South Vietnamese government and unified the country