pan, sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

37
Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments Jeffrey Bowen A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Joël-François Durand, Chair Richard S. Karpen Huck J. Hodge Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music

Upload: others

Post on 03-Nov-2021

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

Jeffrey Bowen

A dissertation

submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Musical Arts

University of Washington

2015

Reading Committee:

Joël-François Durand, Chair

Richard S. Karpen

Huck J. Hodge

Program Authorized to Offer Degree:

Music

Page 2: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

© Copyright 2015

Jeffrey Bowen

Page 3: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

University of Washington

Abstract

Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

Jeffrey Bowen

Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Joël-François Durand

Music

The steelpan, native to Trinidad and Tobago and appearing in the early-mid 19th century, is an instrument produced through an especially slow, laborious process. In the first stage, called “sinking,” the flat surface of one end

of an oil drum is crudely hammered in to create the concave bowl shape of the instrument. Next, the areas that will correspond to individual notes are marked on the surface of the bowl, and smaller hammers are then used to

raise each of these circular patches of metal away from the surface, creating distinct, individual tones. As each note is fine-tuned, the first, second, and third harmonics must be tuned separately, and in such a way that tuning

the second and third harmonics does not detune the fundamental; if the tuner’s careful hammering properly tunes the higher harmonics but shifts the fundamental from its correct frequency, the note must be hammered down

again and the process must start over.

The resonance, modes of attack, and unique timbre of the steelpan provide much of the musical material of Pan, Sinking. In addition, the process of the instrument’s construction—specifically the ideas of carefully applying a

single process (“hammering”), and of bringing sonic material into alignment (“tuning”)—is treated as a metaphor that guides the work’s structural organization. In Pan, Sinking, the incorporation of this metaphor produces a

linear, directional form that takes the acoustic resonance of the tenor pan’s F6 (the highest and least-characteristic note on the instrument) as it’s initial material, and then submits this musical object to one continuous process

of distortion and dilation, arriving at a point where the distinct roles of the steelpan, piano, and ensemble are slowly brought towards rhythmic, gestural, and harmonic alignment.

Page 4: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Instrumentation .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iii

Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Appendix A. Arrangement of the Ensemble ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

Appendix B. Notation Legend .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26

Appendix C. Piano Preparation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................. . 28

Page 5: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Joël-François Durand for his support and guidance during the preparation of this dissertation; to Shannon Dudley for his generosity in allowing me access to the University of Washington’s steelpan collection

and for introducing me to the instruments; to the Inverted Space Ensemble; and with special thanks to David Aarons for a rewarding collaboration over the course of this compositional process.

Page 6: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

iii

INSTRUMENTATION

Flute

Alto Saxophone

Horn (with straight mute)

Trombone (with practice mute, straight mute)

Steelpan (one player): This piece requires one tenor pan (with a range extending to F6), two guitar pans, and one member of the six bass set (the member containing F2-C3). In addition to the normal steelpan beaters, the

part involves the use of a medium-sized glass marble, and a pitcher with 30 ounces of water (to be poured into the guitar pans in the central section of the piece).

Piano (with preparation)

Violin I

Violin II

Viola

Violoncello

Duration: ca. 10 minutes

Page 7: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

© 2015 Jeffrey Bowen

Flute

Alto Saxophone

Horn in F

Trombone

Steel Drums

Piano

Violin 1

Violin 2

Viola

Violoncello

pppo o

pppo o

= 42

pppo

of poss.

o o

oppp

sim.

= 42

oppp

sim.

oppp

sim.

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

&

q

@ (embouchure closed) @

∑ ∑

(2015)

Pan, Sinking

Jeffrey Bowen

~~ ~

~

&

∑ ∑ ∑

teeth on reed

air

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

w/ wooden beater

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

q

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑

IV

: ~ ;

∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

II

: ~ ;

B

II

: ~ ;

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

6# 6 6

j‰ Œ Ó

6# 6 6

j‰ Œ Ó

Ó Œ

6b 6b 6 6 6

≈™

Œ

Ó

Œ‰

J

Œ

œµ œµ œµ œµ œµ™

Œ

œB œB œb œb œb

≈™Ó

Œ

O

œ

b O

œ

b O

œ ™

J

‰ Œ

1

Page 8: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp

o oppp

o o

7

ppp

o

f poss.

o omp

of poss.

o o o

f

mf

oppp

o

oppp

o

oppp

o

oppp

sim.

ppp

o o

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

&

@flz. ord.

@

∑ ∑

~~

&

∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

& ∑

&

>

l.v.

∑ ∑ ∑

>

(l.v.)

?

°

(sempre)

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

III

∑ ∑

7 7

&

∑ ∑ ∑

III

B

: ~ ;

∑ ∑ ∑

7

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

6 6 6 6

j

‰ Œ Ó

6# 6 6

j

‰ Œ Ó

Ó Œ

6# 6# 6 ™

j

‰ Œ Ó

Œ Œ

Ó™ ‰

J

Œ

Ó™ ‰

J

6

6b Œ

œ

6b ™

œ

Ob

b

j

œ

O

œ

O

œ

Ob

b œ

O

Œ Ó Œ

œ œ œ ™Œ

Ó Ó Œ

œB œB œb ™Œ

Œ

œ# œ# œ™

œ

≈™Ó ‰

œ

O

#

j

œ

O

# œ

O

#

2

2

Page 9: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

oppp

oppp

o o

o

13

ppp

o o

o

o

f poss.

o omp

o of poss.

o of poss.

f

pppo

opp

o

o

p

o o o

oppp

o

o

pp

o op poss.

o

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

&

@

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

w/ practice mute

& ∑

&

>

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

I

7 7

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

III

&

B

III

∑ ∑ ∑

II

?

∑ ∑

: ~ ;

∑ ∑

&

III

7

6# 6 6

j

‰ Œ Ó

6# 6 6

j‰ Œ Ó Ó

H

6 6 6

j

‰ Ó

h#

Ó Œ

6b

Œ

Ó

Œ Œ Œ

6

Œ

œ

O

j

œ

O

™ ™œ

O

rŒ Ó Œ

œ

OBB œ

OBB ™

™ œ

O

j

≈ Ó Œ ‰

J

‚ ‚

Œ

œ

O

B œ

OBB ™

™ œ

O

j

≈ ‰

‚#™

Œ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

µµ ™

™™O

Ϫ

J

≈ Ó Œ

‚ ‚ ‚

œ

j

œ

O™

J

‚b ™

‚b ™

3

3

Page 10: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

ppp

o

19

ppp poss. o

op

o

pp poss.

o

o

o

ff

ff

f mp

ø

ppp

oppp

o

ppp oppp

o

ppp

oppp

o

ppp

oppp

o

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

&

sempre legato ,

7

A

&

sempre legato ,

5 7

?

w/ straight mute

flz.

∑ ∑ ∑

5

?

air

flz.

tone

∑ ∑ ∑

& ∑ ∑

marble

(inside rim)

&

> >

>

5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

sim.

5 7

A

&

sim.

57

&

sounding

B

III IV

sim.

B

5

7

&

II

sim.

II

5 7

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh h

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

h h hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh h ™

J

h<#> h h# h h# h h h h# h h h h h h h h# h h# h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h# h h# h h h h h h# h h h h h h h h# h h# h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h ™

J

6n 6 ™Œ

6<b> hb 6

Œ

Ó

Œ‰

J

œ

6b Œ

œ

6b Œ

œ

6bœ

œ ™

Œ Ó

‚b

‚b

‚b

‚b

‚ ‚ ™

‚<#>‚b

‚#

‚#

‚b

‚#

‚b

‚#

‚b

‚ ‚

œ

œ

œb

œ

O#

O#

O

O

O

O#

O

O

O

O

O#

O#

O

O#

O

O

O#

O

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O#

O

O

O

O#

O

O

O

O

‚#

‚#

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O

O#

O O

‚<b>

‚b

O#

‚b

O#

‚b

‚b

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

O#

‚b

‚bO#‚

‚O‚

‚b

‚b

O#

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

‚ ™

4

4

Page 11: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pppo o

pppo o

o

23

pppo

o

o

f poss.

of poss.

o o mp of poss.

ff ff p

sim.ff p

sim.

ff

ø

ppp

o o

o

oo

ppp

o oo

o

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

3

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

5

4

2

4

&

@

@

3

B

~ ~ ~ ~

&

air

∑ ∑

3

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

marbleinside rim

marble

marble

&

> > >

> > > > > >

> >

5

?

°

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑

ord.

I

7

B

&

∑ ∑ ∑

ord.III

B

II

∑ ∑

ord.

I

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

ord.

6# 6 6

j‰

6# 6 6

j‰ Ó Œ ‰

h h

Ó

6b 6b 6 6 6

≈™Œ Ó Ó Ó ‰

h#

Ó Ó ‰

6b

j

J‰

Ó

J‰

Œ

œ

6b

œ œ

6b

œ

6b Œ Œ

œ

6bœ

œ

6

œ

6 ≈™Ó

œ

6bœb

œ

6

œ

6 ≈™Œ

œ

6b

b

œn

œ

6

œ

œn ™Œ Œ Ó

œ

Ob

j

œ

Ob

œ

Ob Œ Ó

‚ ‚ ‚

‚# ‚#

Œ Ó Œ

‚# ‚

O

œ

b O

œ

O

œ ™

J

‰ ∑ Ó ‰

J

‚ ‚

Ó Ó

‚b

5

5

Page 12: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp

o

28

pp

ppppp

o

opp

o

pp poss.

o

o

omf

o

ff ff mfff

psim.

° ø

pp

pp

pp

pp

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

2

4

5

4

3

4

2

4

&

(legato sempre)

7 6 7

C

&

(legato sempre)

?

flz.

∑ ∑

5

?

air

flz.

tone

∑ ∑

&

marbleinside rim

marble

&

>

5

>

5

>

>> >

35

?

∑ ∑ ∑

&

7 6 7

3

5

C

&

53 6

3

5

B

III IV

5 3 6

3

&

II

7 6 7

3

5

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hŒ Œ

h<#> h h# h h# h h h h# h h h h h h h h# œœ

œ

œ

µ#

µ œœ

œ

œ

h h h h h h h h h h h h h# h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h#Œ Œ

6 h ™Œ

6<b> h 6

Œ

Ó Ó‰

J J

‰Œ

J

œ

6b

œ

‰ ≈ Œ

œ

6bœ

‰ ≈ ‰

œ

6b

b œb

Œ Ó

œ

6b

œ œ

6

œ œ

6 Œ Œ

‚b

‚b

‚b

‚<#>‚b

‚#

‚n

‚b

‚#

‚#

‚b

‚#

‚ ‚ ™ ‚

O#

O#

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O#

O#

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O#

O#

O

O

O

O O

‚<b>

‚b

O#

‚b

O

O

O#

‚b

O

O

O

‚b

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

‚b

‚b

O#

‚b

O

O

‚ ‚

6

6

Page 13: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

ppp

31

ppp

f

o

o

f ppsim.

ff

p sim.

f pp sim.(mf)

ø

p mp

ppp

o

p

mp

oppp

o

po

p mp

o

pppo

p

o

ppp

o

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

&

∑ ∑ ∑

5 5

&

∑ ∑ ∑

5 5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

& ∑

(wooden end)

w/ 2 wooden beaters

&

>

>

>> > >

6

>

>

> > >

5 36 5

5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

ord. m.s.t

5

3 5

5

5

&

ord.

m.s.t

5

35 5

B

3

ord.

m.s.t

5 5

5

&

3

m.s.t

5 5

5

hh

hh

hh

hh

h h

œ#œ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œ œ

Ó‰

J

œ

6bœ œ œ œ

Œ

œ

6b

b œ œ

6b

b

œœ#

œ

œ

œ

œ

≈ ‰

œ

6b

œb

œ

6

œœ

œœ

œœ

œ

Œ

‚b

‚‚B ‚

J

œ# œ

R

œ œn

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

‚#

‚#

‚n ™‚B ‚B

J

œµ œ

J

œ#

œ#

œn

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

O#

O#

O

‚ ‚

O

œ

µµ

O

œ ™

™O

œ

J ‰

œ

O#

O#

O

œ

O

œ

O

O O

‚b

‚b

O#

‚b ‚

œb

œb

O#

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

7

7

Page 14: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

ppp

35

ppp

f

oo

mf

o omf

oo

ff p

sim.

mf

ppsim.

f pp sim.

f psim. mf

° ø ø ø ø ø

pp

mpo

po o

pp

mp

o poo

pp

omp

op

o o

pp

o

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

5 5

D

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

5 5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

5

&

> > >

> > > >

5 > > >

6

> > >

> > > > >

6

5

5

6

6

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

s.t.

ord.

5

-

-

∑ ∑

5

5

5

D

&

s.t.

ord.

5

-

-

∑ ∑

5 5

5

B

s.t.

I II

ord.

5

∑ ∑

5

5

5

&

s.t.

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

5

5

hh

hh

hh

hh

h œ

J

œ#œœœœœœœœ œ

J‰

æææœ

j

‰Œ

æææœ

jæææœ

æææ˙

æææœ

æææ˙ œ œ œ œ œ

Œ Œ

æææœ

æææœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ

6b

œ œ

œ

6 Ó

œ

œ

œ

œ#œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

≈ ‰

œ

6b

b œ œ

6

œ œ

6b

bœœb

œb

‰œn

œ

œ

œœb

œ

œb

œŒ

œbœœœ

œb

œ

œn

œb

œn

œb

‰ Œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œœB œ œ

™ œB œ

R

œB œ

Œ

O

œµµ

O

œ

˜˜

Œ

œ#

œ#

œn

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

œ ™œB œ

R

œ œ

Œ

O

œ

˜˜

O

œµµ

Œ

œ

O#

O#

O

œ

O

œ

O

O O

O

œ

BB ™

O O

R

O

œ

BB

O

œ

Œ

O

œ˜˜ O

œ

Œ

œb

œb

O#

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

8

8

Page 15: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp

40

pp

ppp p

op

o

op

o

f

o

ff f

° ø ø

p

mp

p

mp mp

pmp

p mp

p

mp

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

&

3 3

3

3

E

&

33 3

?

flz.

∑ ∑

3

?

flz.

∑ ∑

3

& ∑ ∑

&

> >

5

3

5

3

>

œ

>

œ

>

œ

>

œ>

œb

>

œb

?

œb

œ# œ#

&

m.s.t.

6 3

3

3

E

&

m.s.t.

6 3

B

m.s.t.

6

3

3

&

m.s.t.

II

6

3

3

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

œ#œ

œ#œ

œœ

œœ

œ#œ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œ#œ

œœ

œ#

œ

œ

œœµ

#

µœ

œ

œœ œ

œnœ#

œœ

œœ#

œœ

œ

6µ œ 6Ó

6b œB 6b

Ó

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

Œ

œ

6b

œ

‰™

Ó Œ ‰ ‰

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ#

œ#

œn

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

O#

O#

O

œ

O

œ

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

œ

O

O#

O#

œ

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

œ

O#

œ

O

O#

O

O

O

œb

œb

O

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O#

œb

œb

œ

O#

œ

O#

œ

O#

œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

O#

œ

9

9

Page 16: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp p

pp p

43

mp ppp p

o

o

mf

ø ø ø

p

mp p

pmp p

mp p

pmp

mp p

p mp p

mp p

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

&

,

63 3 7 7 5 6

3

&

-

,

3 3

3

5 6

3

53 3 5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑

& ∑ ∑ ∑

(wooden end)

w/ 2 wooden beaters

&

3

53

5

>

œb

>

œb

>

œ

>

œ

>

œ

>

œ>

œb

>

œb

>

œ

?

∑ ∑ ∑

œn

œ œœ#

&

-

6 6 3 3 7

3 5 6 3

&

-

-

3 3

3

5 3 7 5 3 3 6

B

- -

6

6

3

3 7

3 5 6

3

&

-

-

3 6 3

3

5 3 7

3

5 3

3 5

hh ™

h

h

B

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

h

h

h

B

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

hh

h

œ#œ

œœ

œ#œ

œœœ

œœ#

œœ

œœ#œ

œœœ# œ

œ

œ

œ

µ#

µ œ

œœnœ

œœ#œ

œ#œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœ#

œœ

œ œœ#

œœ

œœ

œœ

œœœœœœœœœ

Ó

6

Ó

æææœ

Œ ‰ ‰ Ó Ó

Œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

O#

O#

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

O

O

œ

O

O

O

O#

O#

O

O

œ

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

œ

O#

O#

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O#

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œb

œb

O#

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O

œb

O#

œ

O

œ

œb

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

œb

œb

O#

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

œ

œ

O

œ œ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

10

10

Page 17: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

mpmf

o

p mf

o

47

mp

op

mf

o

pp p

o

mf

o

mfp

omp

o omf

o

fff pff

sim. f

f p mf

ø ø ø ø

mp mf pf

o

p f

o

mp

mf

p f

o

pf

o

mp

mfp f

op

f

o

mp

op

f

o

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

&

3 6 6 6 6

F

&

bisb. ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

?

flz.

∑ ∑ ∑

5

?

flz.

5

∑ ∑ ∑

&

(rubber end)

(tenor)

guitar

66

&

”“ ”“”“ ”“

> > >

”“ ”“

5 5

6

3

5

œ

œ

œ#

œ

œ

œ

œœ

œœ

b

b

œ œ

œœ

œœ

b

b

œn

œb

œn

œb

œb

œb

œb

œb

?

œœ# œ#

œ

œ

&

ord.

3

a.s.p

s.t.

a.s.p

>

5

6 5

6 6 6

F

&

ord.

3

a.s.p

s.t.

a.s.p

5

6 5

6 6 6

B

I

&

ord.

3

a.s.p

s.t.

a.s.p

>

B

6 5 6 6 6

&

ord.

s.t.

a.s.p

6 6

6

hh

hh

h œ

J

œ<n> œµœ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ<µ>

J

‰ Ó

œBœB

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œBœB

œ œ ™ h ™

J

œ#œ

œ#œ œ œ

Œ

˙b œb

Œ

6 h ™Œ Œ

h

j‰™

Œ Œ

æææœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

Œ

æææœ

æææœ

Œ

æææœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

æææœ

Œ

œ

Œ Œ Œ Œœ

œb

œ

œœ

œ

Ó

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ œ

J

œ

ææ

œ˜

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ˜

ææ

œ

œ ™

æææ

œ#™

ææ

O

œµµ

ææ

O

œ

µµ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œµµ

ææ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

O

œ ™

æææ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ™™

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ

J

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ˜

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ˜œ ™

æææ

œB ™

ææ

O

œ

µµ

ææ

O

œµµ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

µµ

ææ

O

œµµ

ææ

O

œ

O

œ ™

æææ

O

œµµ

™™

œ

O#

O#

O

œ

O O O

J

œb

ææ

œn

ææ

ϵ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ

ææ

œ œ

æææ

œ

R

œ ™

œBœB

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œBœB

Ϫ

æææ

œ œ ™

J

œb

œb

O#

œ

œ

œ

O

œ

O O

ææ

œ

OBB

ææ

œ

Ob

b

ææ

œ

OBB

ææ

œ

O

ææ

œ

OB

ææ

œ

O

ææ

œ

O

ææ

œ

Ob

ææ

œ

OBB

ææ

œ

O

ææ

œ

OB

ææ

œ

O

ææ

œ

OBB

ææ

œ

Ob

b

œ

OBB ™

æææ

œ

Oµµ

O

œ ™

J

11

11

Page 18: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pppp

o

51

pppp

o

omf

(f) (f)

fsub. p

(f) (f)

p

o o

mf

ø

f sub. p f

ø

f sub. p

ø

p f

o

o

pf

o

o

p f

o o

p

f

o

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

&

ï ï ïo o o ï ï ïo o o ïo o

∑ ∑

6 6 5

&

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï ï

¯ï

¯ï

∑ ∑

6 6 5

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

> >

wood of stick

>

(rim)

> > >

6

6

6

&

> >

> > >

6

6

36

5 5

3

5

>

œbœ

œb

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

?

∑ ∑

œb

œ#

œœ

œ#œ

œ#

œ#œ

œ#

&

s.t.

a.s.p.

>

6 6 5 5

&

s.t.

a.s.p.

>

6 6

55

B

s.t.

a.s.p.

>

6 6

5

5

&

s.t.

a.s.p.

∑ ∑

6 6

5

œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ h

œ˜ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ˜ œ œ œ œ

Œ

æææ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

Œ œ

j æææ˙ œ œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

æææ˙

œ

j

œb

œb

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

j

œ

œ#œn

œ

œœ

œ

j

œn

œœ

œ

œœ

œ

j

œ

j

Œ

O

œ

µµ O

œBB

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œ

µµ O

œBB

O

œ

æææ

O

œ

b

b

O

œ

Ó ‰

O

œµ ™™

J

O

œBB

O

œ

µµ O

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œBB

O

œ

µµ

æææ

O

œ#

O

œ

Ó ‰

O

œ

µµ ™

J

O

œB

O

œ

n

nO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œB

O

œ™™

æææ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

Ó ‰

O

œ˜ ™

J

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

BB

O

œO

œ

O

œ

æææ

O

œ

12

12

Page 19: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

mf

ppo o

55

mf

mf

p

o

mf (f) (f)

omf (f) (f)

mf

o o o

f

fmf

p

mf

ø

sim.

fp

f f

ppp

mf

o

f

f

ppp mf

o

f f

ppp mfo

f

pppmf

o

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

2

4

&

flz.

>

3

G

&

?

flz.

>

∑ ∑

&

?

flz.

>

∑ ∑

&

?

>

∑ ∑

&

> > > >

/

5 5

5

&

>

>

>

>

3

7

6

6

6

>

œœ

œœb

>

œœ

œœ

b

b

œbœ

œb

œb

>

œbœ

>

œb

œb

œ

?

œ#

œ

œ œb

&

jeté

>->

s.t. s.p.

>

3

G

&

jeté

>

->

s.t.

s.p.

>

3

B

jeté

>

->

s.t. s.p.

>

3

&

&

-

>

s.t.

s.p.

>

3

Œ ‰

6

j

Ó ‰™

ϵ

R

œ

Œ ‰

6

J

Ó

Œ ‰6

J

Ó

Œ

6b h

Ó

œ œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ

Œ Œ

æææœ

œ œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ

Œ Œ

æææœ

æææ˙ ™

æææœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œb

j

‰™

Ó Œ

œb

J

‰™

Ó Œœ

œbœ

Œ Œ ≈

œ

j

œœb

œn

œœb

O

œ<µ>µ

R‰™

Œ Ó Œ ‰

O

œ

µµ

J Ó

O

œ

BB ™

™O

œ

æææ

O

œ

BB

J

O

œ

BB

O

œ

<µ><µ>

R

‰™

Œ Ó Œ ‰

O

œBB

J

Ó

O

œ

BB ™

™O

œ

æææ

O

œ

BB O

œ

BB

J

O

œ< >̃

R

‰™

Œ Ó Œ ‰

O

œ

µB

O

œ

BB ™

™ O

œ

æææ

O

œ

BB

J

O

œ

BB

Œ ‰

œ

Oµµ

O

œ

BB ™

™ O

œ

æææ

O

œ

BB O

œ

BB

J

13

13

Page 20: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

p

ofp

fp

f

59

p

ofp

fp

fp

pp p fp

poco fp fp

omf

mf

of

fp

mf

f

o

of

f pp sim.

ff sim.

ppp

mfo

fff

ff

ppp

mf

o

ff

f

ff

pppmf

off

f

ff

ppp

mf

o ff

f

ff

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

&

3

flz.

>

flz.

>

∑ ∑

flz.

>

&

3

flz.

>

flz.

>

∑ ∑

?

flz.

>

&

3

flz.

>

?

flz.

>remove mute

∑ ∑

?

+

flz.

>

?

flz.

flz.

> >

5

∑ ∑

flz.

>

3

/

> >

> > > > >

>

5

5

6 6 6 6

&

3

∑ ∑

3 3 7

>

œœb

œn

œb

œb

>

œnœ

œ#

œ#

œ

œ

œ

œ

?

∑ ∑

6

œ#

œ

>

œb

œ

œ#

œ#

&

s.t. s.p.

>

3

->

->

->

5

∑ ∑

->

&

s.t. s.p.

>->

-> -

>

5

∑ ∑

->

3

&

s.t. s.p.

>

-

>

B

->

->

5

∑ ∑

->

3

&

s.t. s.p.

>

-

>

-

>

-

>

5

∑ ∑

-

>

3

‰™

ϵ

R

ϵ

J

ϵϵ

R

≈ ‰ Œ

œn

J

œ#

r

≈ ‰ Œ

‰™

ϵ

Rœ˜

J

œµ œB

R ≈ ‰ Œ

œb

J ‰

ϵ

R

≈ ‰ Œ Ó

Œ

œB

J

œœµ

R

≈ ‰ Œ

œ

J

‰œ

R

≈ ‰ Œ Ó

Œ Œ

6b

j

hb

r≈ ‰ ‰

6

j

hB 6

œb

r≈ ‰ Œ Ó

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ

œ

œ

œ œ œ

œ

œ

Œ

æææœ

œ

j æææ˙

œ

j

‰ Œ Œ Œ

Ó

O

œ

˜˜ ™

™O

œ

æææ

O

œ

µµ

J

O

œ

˜˜

œB

R ≈ ‰ Œ

O

œ

µµ O

œ

µµ

O

œ˜˜

R≈ ‰ Œ Ó

O

œ

µµ ™

™O

œ

æææ

O

œ

˜˜ O

œ

µµ

J

ϵ

R

≈ ‰ Œ

O

œ

BB

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

µµ

R

≈ ‰ Œ Ó

œ˜ ™ œ

æææ

ϵ

œ˜

J

ϵ

R

≈ ‰ Œ

O

œ

µµ O

œ

µµ ≈

O

œ˜

R

≈ ‰ Œ Ó

œ

Oµµ ™

™œ

O

æææ

œ

Oµµ

œ

Oµµ

j

œB

r

≈ ‰ Œ

œ

Oµµ

œ

Oµµ

œ

OBB

r

≈ ‰ Œ Ó

14

14

Page 21: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

Perc.

o o

f

p ff

o(f)

o

2

4

S

q

Ca. 20 sec.

In this section, the steelpan player is given rhythmic materials (enclosed in boxes)

that may be freely arranged, recombined, and looped within their respective subsections

(sections 1-3). In addition, the player is given a number of:

Long Pauses

Medium Pauses

Short Pauses

With exact durations for the pauses to be determined by the player, though they must be

clearly differentiated in length. These are to be inserted within their respective subsections.

= 40-54

≈T

U

U

SU

Ca. 25 sec.

≈T

> > > >

Section 2 should move continuously into Section 3, with the regular 32nd-note pulse

of Section 2 falling away into silence, and with the accented attacks in Section 2

continuing into Section 3 as the given rhythmic values.

> >

S

Ca. 30 sec.

>

≈ T

>>

> >

U

water poured into

guitar pan

(return to

tenor pan)

U

H

1 2

3

/

(solo)

Bass (rim/barrel)Guitar

Guitar

with body held against pan...and pan

becoming increasingly muted

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

æææœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

j

œ œ œ™

r

œ™™

j

w

15

15

Page 22: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Alto Sax.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.P.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp

o

f f sim.

p mp pp

of

68

ppp

p mp pp

pp

o

ff sim.

f

ff

of poss.

f sim.

mf

o

ffsub. p

øf

sim.

ø

opp

f

pp mp

o

f

pp mp

o

f

pp

o

o

fpp

op

o f

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

&

@

flz.

-

>

-

>

5

ï¯

ï¯

ï

@ @

flz.

-

>

5

I

~~

~~

~~ ~ ~ ~

?

> >air

> >

&

ï¯

ï¯

ï

?

> > > > >

&

55 5 5

?

w/ straight mute

?

flz.

->

->

5

flz.

->

remove mute

?

w/ straight mute

flz.

-

>

-

>

5

flz.

-

>

/

marble

marble

&

>> >

∑ ∑

5

5 5

3

5

>

œœb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

?

∑ ∑ ∑

œb

&

a.s.p.

->

->

-

-

-

7 5

5

I

&

a.s.p.

->

->

-

-

-

5

5

B ∑

a.s.p.

&

->

->

>-

&

5

5 5

&

a.s.p.

-

>

-

>>

5

>

5

s.p.

a.s.p.

5

5

6# 6 6 6

≈ Œ Ó

œ# œ œ œ œ

6

j

6

j

‰ Œ Ó

6 6 6≈™ 6 6 6

Ó

œµ œ œ œ œ

Œ

6 6 ™ 6 6 6 6 6

6 6≈ Œ Ó

6

J

‰ Œ Ó

6 6

≈ Œ Ó

6b

j‰ Œ Ó

6

œ# œ#

6

œ œ

6

œ

Œ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

µµ O

œ ™

Œ Ó

O

œ O

œ

µµ

O

œn

n O

œ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

µµ ™

Œ Ó

O

œ

µµ

O

œn

n

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

O

œ

#

#

O

œ ™

Œ Ó

œ

O

# œ

O

# ™

™™

œ

O

#

Ó

œ

OBµ œ

O

r

œ

O

r

œ

O

œ

OBµ

œ

Oµµ

r

œ

O

O

œ

µµ

J

‰ Œ Ó

16

16

Page 23: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.P

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

f sim.

p mp pp mf

o

f

ppp

72

mf sim. p mp ppmf

oppp

poco fp

pp (poss.)p

ppp ppp ppoco fp

o

mf sim.o

fp

(f)

o

mf(sim.)

ømf

(sim.)

øf

ø

of sim.

omp ppp

mfo

sf

of

sim.

omp

pppmf

osf

of sim. o

mpppp

mfo

sf

fsim.

pp

mp

ppp mf

osf

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

2

4

3

4

&

@

flz.

-

>

@

flz.

-

>

5

ï¯

ï¯

ï ï¯

ï¯

ï¯ ï ¯ ï ¯ ï ¯

flz.

->

@

flz.

-

>

?5

5 5 7

~~ ~ ~

&Alto Sax

flz.

-> -

>

5

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯ï

¯

flz.

->

?

> > > >

5 5 57 5 5

?

flz.

+

-> w/ straight mute

&

¯

lontano

?

flz.

-

>

5

5

?

flz.

-

>

-

>

5

flz.

-

>

5 5

> > > > >

5 55

/ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑

> >>

œ

œb

œ

>

œ

œb

œ

œbœ œ œ

?

> >

>

77

6 6

œb

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

&

arco s.t.

->

-> arco s.p.

a.s.p.

->

5 5

5

&

arco s.t.

->

-> arco

s.p.

a.s.p.

->

5

5 5 5

&

arco s.t.

->

->

arco s.p.

I

,a.s.p.

∑ B

->

5 5

5

&

-

>

-

>> >

s.p.

a.s.p.

?

-

>

5

55

5

Œ Œ

6

r

6

r

‰™

Ó

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ h

R

‰™

6

Œ ‰

6

j

Œ Œ

œB

R

6B

R

‰™

Ó

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ h

R‰™ 6 6 ™ 6 6 6

Œ Œ

œ

R

Œ Óœµ ˙

œ œ œ

R

Œ

6B h

r≈

6B

r‰™

Ó Œ

6b h

r

‰™

¿

J

¿™

¿

‰™

¿

J

¿

J

‰ Œ

œn

œb

œ

œb

œn

œb

œ

œb

Œœb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

O

œ

BB

O

œ

O

œ

R

O

œ

BB

R

O

œ

R

O

˙

OBœB ™ O

˙

µµ œ

OµO

œ

BB

O

œ

R

‰™

O

œ

J

O

œ

O

œ

R ≈

O

œ

R ‰

O

œ

R

O

˙

O

œ ™O

˙µµ

œ

OBO

œ

µµ

O

œ

R

Œ ≈

O

œb

b

™O

œ

O

œb

b

R

O

œ

R

O

˙

OB

O

j

œB ™O O

œBOB O

œ

O

œ

R

Œ Œ

œ

Ob

r

œ

Ob

œ

O ™œ

O Oµœ ™

˙

Oµµ œ

œ

O

œ

O

r

17

17

Page 24: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Steel D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

p

o

77

f

oo

ff(sub. mp)

ø

omf p

mf

o

omf

p

mf

o

omf

o

omf

o

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

&

&

?

A.Sax

∑ ∑ ∑

&

?

∑ ∑ ∑

&

?

∑ ∑ ∑

/ &

b n n #

?

&

∑ ∑ ∑

?

> > >

∑ ∑

?

5 5

&

s.t.s.p.

->

->

5

5

&

s.t.

s.p.

-

>

7

B

s.t. s.p.

->

5

5

5

?

s.t.s.p.

h

œ

œ

œ

#

n

µœ

œ

œ h

Œ

Œ æææ

œ

œ#

#

æææ

œ

œ

æææ

˙

˙

æææ

˙

˙

Œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

Œ

œ

O

ææ

O

œBB

R

O

œ ™

™O

œ

O

˙ ™

™O

˙

Œ

O

Ϫ

j

ææ

œ

Oµµ ™

j

œ

O

˙

O

™™

œ

O

j

‰ Ó

Œ

O

œb

RR ææ

O

œ

b

b

O

œ

≈ Ó

Œ

Œœ

O

ææ

O

œ

O

œ ™

‰ Œ

18

18

Page 25: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Steel D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

mp

op

mfp

mp

o

80

omp p

o

pp

mfpp

mp

o

omp

o

f

o o

ff(sub. p)

ø

p

of

ppp

omf

p

f

pf

p

o

mf

op

f p

o

f

op mf

o

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

&

->

7

->

->

7 7

&Alto Sax

&

3

3

?

->

?

n µ µ µ #

l.v.

∑/

&

∑ ∑ ∑

?

> > >

∑ ∑

?

&

s.t.

s.p.

-

>

&

s.t.

7

-

>

s.p.

-

>

7

-

>

77

B

s.t.

s.p.

-

>

5

&

5

5

5

?

s.t. s.p.

->

->

&

Ó Œœµ ™

J

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙

Ó Œ ≈

Ϫ

j

œ ˙™

œ

Œ Ó

Ó Œ ‰

œ œµ œ

j œ ˙

œ˜ ™œ œ œ

R‰™

Œ

Œ

æææ

œ#

æææ

œ

œ#

æææ

œ

œ#

œb

œ

æææ

œ

œ#

œ

j

æææ

œ

œ#

Ó

œ#

œ#

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ#

Œ

œ

Oµµ œ

O

œ

O

ææ

œ

O

œ

O

˙

O

w

~

‰™

œ

O#

#

ææ

œ

O˜˜ œ

O

™™

j

œ

O

™™

j ææ

œ

O

œ

O

ææ

œ

O

˙

O

™™

˙

O

œ

O

‰ ≈ Œ

Œ ‰

œ

O

™™

j ææ

œ

O

œ

O

ææ

œ

O

r

œ

O

™™

œ

O

˙

O

™™

˙

O

œ

O

r

Œ Œ

Œ Œ

O

œ

ææ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

˙

O

œ

Œ Ó

19

19

Page 26: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

S.P.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

f sim.

pp mp

o

f

83

p sim.

pp mp

o

p

p sim.

op

op p

p

o

(f)

of mp

mf sub. p.

ø

fsim.

ø

mf

po

f sim.

pp

mf f

po o

f sim.

pp

mf

f

p

o of sim. pp

mf

f

op

o f sim.

pp mff

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

&

flz.

n

-

>

-

>

µ

flz.

-

>

J

&Alto Sax

flz.

bisb.

-

>

-

>

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

flz.

-

>

&

flz.

-

>

-

>

flz.

-

>

?

flz.

-

>

-

>

flz.

-

>

&

> > > > >

5 55

/

tenor

marble

marble

&

3

> >

> >

5 5

3

55 5

>

œœb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

>

œœ

œb

>

œœ

œb

>

œ

>

œ

œb

œ

>

œ

œb

œ

œb

?

∑ ∑

œb œb

œb

&

a.s.p.

-

>

-

>

>a.s.p.

7 ->

57

J

&

s.t.

->

->

> >

a.s.p.

7

->

3

5

5

7

&

s.t.

->

->

>

a.s.p.

->

&

5

5

5

&

s.t.

-

>

-

>

a.s.p.

->

5

5

5

Ó Œ

h h

h h h h h h

h

j

‰ Œ Ó

Ó Œ

h# 6

œµ œ œ

j

‰ Œ Ó

Ó Œ

hµ 6

Ó ‰

6n

j

h

j

‰ Œ Ó

Ó ‰

6n

j

h 6

Ó ‰

6b

j

hb

j‰ Œ Ó

‰™

¿#

J

¿™

¿

‰™

¿

J

¿

J

Ó™ ‰

J

Ó

Œ

œn

œb

œ

œb

œn

œb

œ

œb

œn

œb

œ

œb

œn

œb

œ

œb

œ

OB<µ> ˙

O

œ

OBµ œ

O

O

œn

O

œ œ

O

œµ ™

J

œ œ

ϵ Ϫ

ϵ

J

‰ Œ Ó

Œ

O

œ

#

#

J

O

˙

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

#

#

O

œ

R

O

œ œ#

O#

Ϫ

J

œµ œ

œ œ™

œ

J‰ Œ Ó

Œ

O

œ#

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ ™

™O

œ œ

O

œµ ™œ œ

œ

R

ϵ

J

‰ Œ Ó

Œ Œ

œ

O#

#

r

œ

O œ

OBµ œ

O

O

œ

µµ

O

œ ™ œµOµ

œ ™œµ œ

œ

R

œ

J

‰ Œ Ó

20

20

Page 27: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

op

op

ppmp

omf

o

87

p

o

pp

mp

omf

o

p

opp (poss.)

p

p

o

pp p

mf

omf

mf (sim.)

ømf (sim.)

ø

f(sim.)

ø

of pp

mpf p

o

of

pp

mp f p

o

of

pp

mp

fp

o

f

mpo

f p

o

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

&

(air)

flz.

-

>

bisb.

b

ï¯

ï ¯ ï¯

ï ¯

B

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï

,

n

bisb.

µ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

7 6

&Alto Sax

flz.

-

>

bisb.

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï¯

ï,

bisb. ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

7 6 5

&

?

flz.

-

>

&

lontano

∑ ∑

?

flz.

-

>

∑ ∑

/ &

bµ µ

>

#

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑œ œ œ

?

> > > > > >

> > > >

?

7

7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

œ#

>

œb

œ

&

s.t.

a.s.p.

->

> >

a.s.p.

s.t.

53

3

&

s.t. a.s.p.

->

>

a.s.p.

~

s.t.

5

5

5

5

&

s.t.

5

a.s.p.

->

>

5

a.s.p.

s.t.

B

&

a.s.p.

-

>

a.s.p.

5

s.t.

?

5

5

6

6B

œ

œB

h

j

‰ Œ Ó

œb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ

Œ Ó

Œ ‰

6

j

h

j

‰ Œ Ó

œb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œb œ œ

Œ Ó

Œ ‰6µ

J

J

‰ Œ ÓœB ˙ ™

Œ ‰

6b

j

hb

j‰ Œ Ó

œb ˙B ™

Ó™ æææ

œ

œ#

#

æææ

œ

œ

œb

j

æææ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

œb

œ

œ

œ

Œ Ó

O

˙

O

œ

J ‰

œ

r

œ œ

O

OBœB

J

˙B

æææ

O

œ

BB O

ϵB

J

O

˙™™

Œ

OB

Œ

O

œb

b

R

O

œ

O

œb

b

J

œb œœb

Ob

œ ™ ˙

æææ

O

œO

œn

O

œ ™

™O

˙ ™

™Œ

O

Œ ≈

O

œ

BB

O

œ

BB

J

œb œ

r

œb

Ob˙b ™

Ob

æææ

O

œ

b

b

œ

Ob

˙

O

™Œ

œ

Ob

b

j

‰ Ó ≈

œb œ

œB

r

˙™

Ob

OB

æææ

œ

OBB

œ

Oµµ

r

œ

O

˙

O

™™

Œ

21

21

Page 28: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Steel D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

pp f pp mf

o

92

pp fp

mf p

o

pp sfp

pp mf

o

ppf p o

mf

o

p mf

ff(sim.)

ø

pp

mf p

f

ppp

o

pp

mf

f

p

o

omf p f

o

pp mf pf

pp p

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

&

bisb. ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍB.T.

&Alto Sax

flz.

3

bisb.

->

3

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

3

&

flz.

-

>

-

>

5

?

->

5

5

&

nµ µ µ

> > > > > >

# n #

11

5 5

5

&

∑ ∑ ∑

?

?

> > > >

∑ ∑

&

s.t.

>

5

s.p.

->

5

5

&

s.t.

3

s.p.

3

3

B

s.t.

>

s.p.

5

&

5

?

s.t.

III

>

s.p.

ord.

77

Ó™ œ#

œ˜ œ˜

œb œb ˙ hb

Œ Ó

Ó™

‰ œb

œ œ

J

œ œ

J

œ ˙ œ

J

Œ Œ Ó

Ó™

‰™

œ#

r

œB

r

‰œ

r

œ

r

œ œŒ

œ ™ œµ œ œ

J

‰ ≈ Œ

Œ

æææ

˙

˙b

#

œœœ

œ

œœœ

œ

œœ

œœb

œœ

œb

œ#

œœœ

œ

œ

œœ

œ

œ

œ

œœœ

œ

œœœœ

œ

œ

œœœœœ

Œ æææ

œ#

œ

œ

œ

œ

Œ Ó

œ#

œ#

œ

œ

œ#

œ#

œ

œ

œ#

œ#

œ

œ

œ#

œ

O#

#

ææ

O

œ

µµ

O

œ

R

O

œ œµOµ

˙™

Oµ O

œ

µµ

O

œ

O

œ

#

#

R

O

œ ™

™ O

œ

O

œ™™

J

Œ

œ

O#

j

ææ

O

œ

b

b

J

O

œ

O

œ

J

O

œœµ

Oµ˙™

Oµ˙

Oµµ

Ó

Œ ≈

œ

O

ææ

œ

O O

œ

O

œ

œ#

O#

˙ ™O# O

œ

#

# ™

J

‰ Œ Ó

Œ Œ ‰

O

œ

#

#

R

ææ

O

œ

µ˜ ™

J

O

œ

O

œ œ˜Oµ

˙™

Oµ O

œ

µ˜

O

˙™™

22

22

Page 29: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Steel D.

Pno.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

omf poco

mf p mp

o

95

omf

o

psf

p

ppmf

o

pp

poss.

mp

o

p mf

pmp

o

of

o

ff p ff p ff

ø

ppmf

pp

ppmf

pp

pp mf

pp

opp

mf

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

4

4

4

2

4

&

sempre legato

,

3

B.T.

5

5

&Alto Sax

sempre legato

6

5

3 3

&

-

>

3

-

>

7

->

3

3

?

->

,

->

3

&

n µ µ

> > > > > >

#

n

11

5 5

5 5

?

∑ ∑ ∑/

?

‹> >

>

sost.

3

3

3

&

ord.

5 3

”“

&

ord.

3 3 3

”“

&

ord.

II

3

?

sempre legato

&

I

I

II

Ó ≈

œb ™

J

œ ™œ œ

œ#

œ

œ#

œ

œ# œ#

œb

œ

œb

œ

œ#

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ#

œb

œ

œb

œ

œ#

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ# œ

J

œ

œ#

œ

œb

œ

œb

œ#

œb

œ#

H

H#Œ

≈™

ϵ

œ

œ# œ

œ# ™œ<#>

œ<µ>

Ϫ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ<#>œ<µ>

œ

œ<#>

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ ™œ œ

Œ Ó

Œ

œn

j

ϵ

œ# œ

j

œ

≈œ# œ œ

‰ Œ

Œ

œ# œ˜

J

œ

œ œµ œ™

J

≈ Ó

Œ æææ

˙

˙#

#

œ#œœ

œ#

œœœ

œ

œœ

œœbœœ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œœœ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œœœœœ

œ

œœœœœ

œœœœ

œ#

œœœœœ

Œ Ó Ó™ æææ

œ

œ

#

OO

OO

#

b

œn

œb

œœ

œ

œb

œœ

œ œ

Œ Ó

OO

O

O

b

#

œ œ

œBœ

œB ™

Ϫ

œ œ

œBœ

œ

œ œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ

œB

œ

œ

œ

œ

œ ™œ

œ ™œB œ

œ ™œ

J

œb

J

œœn

œb

Ϫ

œ ™ œb œ

œ

œœ<b> œB

œ

œœ

œ<B>

œ

œœ

œ

œ

œœb œ

œœœB ™

œ œœB œB ™

œ

J

˙

‰™

œ

O

R

O

ϵ

O

œµ ™O

œ

BB ™

™ œµ œ œ

O

O

œ

BB

O

œ

œ<µ>

O™

O

œ

O

œ

ϵ Ϫ

O

œ

BB

O

œ

O™

ϵ

J

˙

O

œ

˜˜ ™

œ

œ

Ob

bO™

œ

Ob

bO™

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

O™

œ

Ob

b

j

œ

O

œ

O

œ

O

O O

œ

Ob

b

23

23

Page 30: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°

¢

Fl.

Hn.

Tbn.

Steel D.

Vln. 1

Vln. 2

Vla.

Vc.

99

mf

o omf

o

mp mp

ø

ppp

o

ppp

o

pp

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&Alto Sax

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

?

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

&

# #

>

n n # #

>

n

/

sost.

>

on frame

>

∑ ∑

&

“: ;

&

“: ;

∑ ∑

&

a.s.p.

> > >

5

5

&

∑ ∑

æææ

œ

œ

<#>

æææ

œ

œ

œ

j æææ

œ

œ

Œ Œæææ

œ

œ

#

æææ

œ

œ

æææ

œ

œ

œ

j æææ

œ

œ

Œ Ó

˙

˙

Ó

˙B œ

Œ Ó

˙b ˙ ˙ ˙

˙

œµ ˙™

Ϫ

œ ™ œ

˙

O<b><b> œ

O

O O O

Œ

24

24

Page 31: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

25

APPENDIX A

Arrangement of the Ensemble:

(Public)

Conductor

Tenor, Bass

Gtr. 1

Gtr. 2 Steelpans

Vc.

Vla.

Vln. II.

Vln. I.

Piano

Flute

A. Sax

Horn

Tbn.

Page 32: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

26

APPENDIX B

Notation Legend:

Strings m.s.t. -molto sul tasto.a.s.p. -alto sul ponticello. (The contact point of the bow is touching the indicated string at the point where it meets the bridge.)

-Bow on the wood of the bridge only. Pitches in parentheses are held throughout, and at duration values where note heads appear the bow is to lightly touch the string at a.s.p., creating a sound that includes some of the fingered tone as well as unpredictable high harmonics.

-Half-pressure, producing a recognizable tone but muted and with an airy, unfocused component.

-A form of jeté stroke, where the bow is thrown against the strings, with wrist pressure applied throughout the stroke so that the bow quickly comes to rest against the string.

Winds

-Air tone, consisting of mostly air noise with a faint coloring of pitch.

-Breath tone, consisting of a mixture of approximately 60% tone and 40% noise. In the alto sax, this symbol indicates an extremely quiet tone that verges on falling back into an air tone. In the trombone, this calls for a tone (often combined with fluttertongue) that, similarly, is held at the unstable breaking point between air and pitch.

-“Teeth on reed:” In the alto saxophone, a high pitched, indeterminate and fragile sound is gradually brought in over an air tone by placing the teeth on various locations on the reed, the note heads on the two-line staff indicating approximate degrees of high and low pitch.

Piano

-Hammer on frame: Toward the end of the piece the pianist taps lightly on the braces of the piano with a rubber mallet. Note heads indicate relative pitch (high/low) of the brace to be struck.

-Harmonic: the square note head indicates the key to be struck, while the player’s free hand touches the indicated harmonic on the string inside the piano.

Page 33: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

27

Steelpan

For the duration of the piece, the tenor steelpan will be turned upside down and set on top of the bass pan, with its top rim resting on two wooden planks placed between the two pans, so that it is still allowed to resonate. Actions performed on the tenor pan will therefore be performed on its convex underside, or the rim or inside wall of the skirt, as indicated in the score.

-A dashed ring indicates the approximate region of the steelpan where a given action will be performed.

-A dashed line next to an articulation indicates that this gesture continues for the duration of the dashed line.

-A circular stroke (with either a wooden beater or marble). Smaller circles indicate quicker motions, while larger circles call for slower gestures.

-Percussive stroke on the inside skirt of the tenor pan.

-A percussive hit on the “dead space” between notes, containing a faint hint of the indicated pitch but with a large component of other undetermined resonances.

-A circular motion, usually with the marble held against the surface of the pan, which traces the rim of the circular area corresponding to the given pitch, moving between octaves of this pitch if available on the given pan.

-The guitar pan (with water in the basin) is turned with the knee toward the player, and then slowly released towards its resting position, creating slight upward bends in pitch.

Page 34: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

28

APPENDIX C

Piano Preparation

The piano is prepared with nylon fasteners and screws in the upper registers, and rubber stoppers in the lower register:

A. B. C. D. E.

A. large rubber stopper (1.0 cm diameter at narrow end; 1.4 cm at wide end) B. small rubber stopper (0.9 cm diameter at narrow end; 1.1 cm at wide end) C. thin nylon screw (.2 cm diameter) D. thick nylon screw (.3 cm diameter) E. nylon fastener (.4 cm diameter)

There are 7 different preparations across the range of the piano:

I.

For each pitch, one nylon fastener is inserted between two of the three piano strings, 1 cm from the metal pegs (and almost touching the wooden brace); the remaining string is left free to ring.

II.

One nylon fastener is inserted between two of the strings, as close as possible to the wooden brace without touching it; a second fastener is inserted between the remaining string and the center string (with distances from the metal pegs given in the figure at left). The resulting sound (for this preparation as well as for preparations III and IV) should include a faint but audible presence of the notated pitch (especially in the resonance after the initial attack), but with an additional (strong) presence of a pitch one quarter-tone lower.

3 cm 2.8 cm 2.5 cm (fastener 2)

Page 35: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

29

III.

One thick nylon screw is placed between two strings, as close as possible to the wooden brace without touching it; a nylon fastener is placed between the remaining string and center string (with distances from the metal pegs given in the figure at left).

(nylon fastener) 9 cm 4 cm

IV.

One nylon fastener is inserted 5 cm from the end of the felt; a thick nylon screw is inserted 7 cm from the end of the felt.

V.

One thin nylon screw is inserted as close as possible to the felt without touching it; another thin nylon screw is inserted 2 cm from the end of the felt. The sound should differ from the above preparations, with an audible 5th harmonic of the notated pitch, and a strong presence of an eighth-tone below the pitch.

Page 36: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

30

VI.

Two small rubber stoppers are inserted, so that each is held between one of the two wound strings of the notated pitch and a string of a neighboring pitch:

14cm 11cm (stopper 1) 31cm 28cm (stopper 2)

These positions along the string should be close to the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of that string, though far enough away from the nodes that only a slight hint of these harmonics comes through. Two exceptions are the F2 and F#2, where the stoppers should be closer to the 3rd harmonic and directly on the 2nd harmonic, so that a strong octave component is audible in the resulting sound.

VII.

Large rubber stoppers are inserted in a similar fashion to that above (flanking the wound string of a given pitch), with the stopper to the left (held against the lower neighboring string) inserted 11 cm above the felt, and the other stopper inserted 6 cm above the felt. The sound should be muffled, deep, with mostly high partials audible.

Page 37: Pan, Sinking: for steelpan and nine instruments

31

VITA

Jeffrey  Bowen  is  a  composer  and  guitarist  originally  from  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Jeff  was  awarded  a  BA  in  Music  with  Distinction  from  Stanford  University,  where  he  studied  classical  guitar  with  Charles  Ferguson  and  

composition  with  Mark  Applebaum  and  Jaroslaw  Kapuscinski.    

His  compositions  feature  continuous,  gradually  evolving  processes,  with  a  focus  on  how  memory  contributes  to  perception  of  musical  perspective  and  musical  space.  His  pieces  have  been  performed  by  Pascal  

Gallois,  Beta  Collide,  Ensemble  DissonArt,  and  the  Nebraska  Chamber  Players,  among  other  ensembles  in  the  USA  and  Europe.  In  2013  his  orchestral  work  Stalasso  was  chosen  by  conductor  Ludovic  Morlot  for  

performance  by  the  Seattle  Symphony  Orchestra  as  a  part  of  the  SSO’s  New  Music  Works  program.  He  has  also  presented  work  at  the  Darmstadt  Summer  Courses  for  New  Music,  with  his  piece  Stalasso  II  selected  for  

the  2012  boost!  reading  sessions.    

Jeff  is  currently  based  in  Seattle,  where  he  has  been  pursuing  a  DMA  in  composition  at  the  University  of  Washington  under  Professor  Joël-­‐François  Durand.