palm oil cultivation and chemistry
TRANSCRIPT
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Palm Oil Cultivation & Chemistry
WikipediaWilmar InternationalAdani Wilmar
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Presentation Outline
World Edible Oil ProductionPalm Oil Cultivation & Oil ExtractionOil Structure (FFA)Unsaturated Fatty Acids (IV & ‘cis’/‘trans’)Triglyceride DistributionsFractionation
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World Edible Oil Production
Raw Materials andProcesses in OleochemistryMarkus DierkerCognis
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Vegetable Oil Yields (kg/acre)
Fats and Oils: Formulatingand Processing for ApplicationsRichard O’Brien
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
canola corn cottonseed peanut safflower soybean sunflower coconut olive palm palm kernel
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Palm Oil Tree Cultivation
1 acre = 4 tonnes fruit/annum = 1.2 MT CPO = 300 kg kernels = 200 kg kernel meal = 100 kg CPKO
Palm Oil and FractionsWai-Lin, Siew, J MinalMPOB,OFI Middle East 2007Wikipedia
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Nuts & Fibre Separator
Palm Fruit Bunch Processing
Fresh Fruit Bunches Steam Sterilization(90 minutes) Fruit Stripper
Expeller
Palm Fruits
Empty Fruit Bunches
CPKO
Kernel Cake FibresCPO
Wai-Lin, Siew, J MinalTinytech
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Oil Chemical Structure
FFA- free fatty acids- cause bad flavours- promoted by water/microbes- controlled in deodorisation
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UR SahasranamamIOI Group, Loders Croklan
Oil Fatty Acid Structure & CompositionC16:0Palmitic Acid
C18:0Stearic Acid
C18:1Oleic Acid
C18:2Linoleic Acid
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Fatty Acid Unsaturation
IV (Iodine Value)- degree of unsaturation- controlled in hydrogenation
Spent catalyst- promotes ‘cis’ to ‘trans’ conversion
Fats, Oils, Fatty Acids, TriglyceridesScientific Psychic WebsiteAntonio Zamora, 2005
‘cis’ to ‘trans’ conversion also increases melting point
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Oil Triglyceride DistributionC16:0Palmitic Acid
C18:0Stearic Acid
C18:1Oleic Acid
C18:2Linoleic Acid
S
O
U
Application and Uses of Palm and Palm Kernel Oil in specialty productsEM Goh, LS BerhadMOSTA, 2002
P
Palm Oil Palm Olein CNO Cocoa ButterSSS 8 <1 84 3
SOS 33 34.5 75SSU 6 6.5 12 0.5SPS 9 9 6.5
SU2 37 41 4 14
UUU 7 9 0 1
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Fractionation Equipment
The Economics of FractionationJD Kock, WD Greyt, M KellensGhent University, November 2005
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IV 52
IV 33 IV 56
IV 65IV 47
IV 54IV < 36
IV 45IV < 15Salad OilMargarine
Frying OilVanaspathi
Animal Feed
15 bar
30 bar
15 bar
15 bar
Technical Aspects of TransReduction in Modified FatsGerrit Van DuijnOCL Vol 12 No 5-6, Sep-Dec 2005
Confectionary
CPO Fractionation Pathway