palestine & israel
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Palestine & Israel. Size of Israel. Ottoman Empire. Before and During WWI Ottoman Empire Owns Land before WWI During WWI, Britain wanted to both - help the people gain independence from the Ottoman Empire and take the land of Palestine (and other Middle East land) for themselves. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Palestine &Israel
Size of Israel
Ottoman Empire
Before and During WWI
• Ottoman Empire Owns Land before WWI
• During WWI, Britain wanted to both- help the people gain independence
from the Ottoman Empire
and– take the land of Palestine (and other
Middle East land) for themselves
Post-WWI• Ottoman Empire is gone
– Britain takes ownership of Palestine as a mandate (with plans for giving them independence)
– Britain promises BOTH the Palestinians (mostly Muslims and Arab) AND the Zionists (Jews and mostly European) the land
• Both unhappy:- Palestinians do not want to give up the land
they have lived on for centuries - Zionists want the land in its entire as it is
their Promised Land
British Mandate
Post-WWII• Britain cannot solve problem so…
– Britain hands the issue of Palestine to the United Nations
The United Nations Involvement• Creates committee to investigate• Palestinians/Muslims refuse to
cooperate – do not want to give up their land
• Zionists/Jews cooperate – want the land
• Committee decides to split Palestine into two states– one for Jews and one for Muslims
1947 UN Partition Plan
The PartitionUN Resolution 181, November 1947
• UN General Assembly approves partition plan:– 56.5 % of Palestine for a Jewish
state• (33% of pop., owned 7% of land)
– 43 % for Palestinians– internationalization of Jerusalem
Israel Established• May 15, 1948: Country of
Israel estb.• Almost immediately Egypt,
Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq invade Israel (why?)– Arab-Israeli War
• By early 1949, an armistice was signed; Israel now had 78% of Palestine
U.S. Involvement• Involved largely because of Cold
War– to contain communism
• And to keep economic ties with Middle East – Stability– Access– ‘safeguard their vital interests’
1949-1967 (Pre-6 Days’ War)
Six Days’ War
• June 1967: Israel launches preemptive attack against Egyptians– To prevent Egypt leading an Arab
movement to take Palestine for the Arabs
• Israel took West Bank, Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula
1967 (Post-6 Days’ War)
Yom Kippur War • October 1973: on Yom Kippur,
Egyptian and Syrian armies launch attack against Israel
• Despite surprise, Egypt and Syria failed to regain land lost in 1967
• Yet - after the war, a number of years of relative calm came
1973 (Post Yom Kippur War)
• Territory changes: March 1979
– As a result of diplomatic meetings
– Most notably by Carter at Camp David
The Past 20 Years…
• 1987: First Intifada (uprising) begins– Mostly in reaction to Israelis moving in to
Palestinian Territories – (look up: “Occupied Territories”)
• 1992: Israeli prime minister (Rabin) opened talks with Arabs assassinated by radical Israeli
(1995) mid-1990s: another prime minister opens
talks with Arabs
• 2000 talks open between Palestinian leader (Arafat) and Israel.. and others continue
• 2006: Hamas won majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council – the provisional gov. of the Palestinian
Territories– Hamas is radical and refuses to speak
with Israel
• June 2007: internal issues between Hamas and Fatah (another political organization)
• December 2008: Israel attacks Hamas (in Gaza Territory)
• And most recently?
Israel Today