pakistan’s increasing vulnerability dr_ chaudhry.pdf · dr. qamar-uz-zaman chaudhry senior...
TRANSCRIPT
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Pakistan’s Increasing Vulnerability to Climate Change: Policy Response
Dr. Qamar-uz-Zaman Chaudhry
Senior Advisor Climate Change Lead-Pakistan Dy Regional Director –ASIA-CDKN
Lead-Author National Climate Change policy
.
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Enhanced concentration of GHGs, especially the carbon-dioxide, in the atmosphere is causing the global warming.
Causes of Climate Change
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Global climate change is the most difficult and dangerous environmental problem humans have ever created.
( UNFCCC)
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Climate Change:
A Global Top Priority Agenda!
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Pakistan’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
o Considerable Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, erratic monsoon rains causing frequent and intense floods and drought.
continued…
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Pakistan’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
o Projected recession of (HKH) glaciers threatening water inflows into Indus River System (IRS).
o Increased temperature leading to reduced agricultural productivity.
o Increased intrusion of saline water into Indus delta due to sea-level rise.
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Pakistan’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
These threats may lead Pakistan to major concerns in terms of its:
Water Security
Food Security
Energy Security
National Security -Pakistan is among the top 8- countries most vulnerable to climate change ( GERMANWATCH C.C. Vulnerability Index-2013)
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Responding to Climate Change
There are two key ways of responding to climate change:
- Through Adapting to the changes
- Through Mitigation measures: GHG
emissions reduction.
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Pakistan’s contribution to the Global
GHG emissions 0.8 % of Global GHG emissions
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Focus of policy response Pakistan’s contribution to global GHG
emissions is 0.8% and ranked 135th on per capita basis Priority is towards adaptation to
climate change As a responsible party to the UNFCCC
and signatory to KP, we also need to mitigate and work towards low carbon development pathway
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Adaptation to Climate Change KEY SECTORS
Water Resources
Agriculture and Livestock
Human Health
Forestry & Biodiversity
Disaster Preparedness
Other Vulnerable Eco-Systems: Mountain Areas - Rangeland & Pastures
Arid, Hyper Arid Areas - Wetlands
Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
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Mitigation of Climate Change KEY SECTORS
Energy
Transport
Road, Railway & Aviation
Agriculture & Livestock
Forestry
Town Planning
Industries
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Water Resources
Policy Measures:
Water Conservation Strategies conservation, reduction in irrigation
losses and use of efficient irrigation techniques.
Local rain harvesting measures.
continued….
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Water Resources
Policy Measures: Water Management Increase of water storage capacity &
identification of new dam sites. Protection of surface and ground water
degradation. Recycling of waste water. Protection of catchments & reservoirs. Rational ground water exploitation.
continued….
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Water Resources Policy Measures:
Enhancing capacity a. Domestic water saving & sea water
utilization; b. Monitoring temporal changes in glaciers,
snow cover, and meteorological parameters;
c. Strengthening river flow monitoring network & flood warning system
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Agriculture and Livestock
Research
a. Develop digital simulation models for assessment of climate change impacts on physical, chemical, biological and financial aspects of agricultural production systems in various agro-ecological zones;
b. Develop new varieties of crops which are high yielding, resistant to heat stress, drought tolerant, less vulnerable to insects and pests;
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Agriculture and Livestock
Technology
a. Energy efficient farm mechanization;
b. Adopting laser land leveling, optimized
planting dates, crop diversification;
c. Incentives for water saving technologies;
d. Bio-technology for improved crops &
livestock breeds
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Agriculture and Livestock
General Management
a. Expansion of cultivated lands through rain
harvesting & development of wastelands
b. Feed conservation techniques
c. Remote sensing & GIS techniques to assess
land cover changes, water logging, salinity
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Agriculture and Livestock
Risk Management:
a. Risk management against crop failures, and
extreme weather events;
b. Effective communication of climatic info to
farmers;
c. Encourage agriculture-drought management
practices.
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Agriculture and Livestock • Develop & adopt methods to reduce GHG
emissions from rice cultivation
• Reduce releases of Nitrous Oxide from agricultural soils/ Nitrogenous fertilizer
• Reduce GHG emissions from enteric fermentation
• Improve manure management
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Policy Measures • Implement National Disaster Risk
management Framework of NDMA; • Upgrade storm drainage of major cities; • Strengthen early warning systems for
cyclones & tsunami and evacuation plans for coastal areas;
• Strategies in case of GLOF; • Construct cyclone shelters ;
Disaster Preparedness
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Policy Measures:
• Strengthen flood forecasting warning system.
• Enforcement of “ Flood Plain “ Regulations; Strengthening barrages capacity. Rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure & river embankments.
• Strategies for flood managements such as use of dams, retarding basins & escape channels.
• Ensure infrastructure resilient to C.C. impacts.
Disaster Preparedness
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Policy Measures
• Upgrade storm drainage of major cities.
• Strengthen early warning systems for cyclones & tsunami and evacuation plans for coastal areas.
• Strategies in case of GLOF. • Construction of cyclone shelters.
Disaster Preparedness …. contd
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Policy Measures i) Forest Management
ii) Habitat conservation
iii) Community participation
Forestry and Biodiversity
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Most likely impacts of climate change:
• Decreased forest productivity • Reduced forest area • Unfavorable conditions for
biodiversity • Changes in species composition • Higher flood risks etc
Forestry and Biodiversity
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Forest Management a. Explore new planning and decision
support tools to deal with uncertainty and risks in long-term forest planning.
b. Ensure flexible adaptive planning that allows to consider multiple options.
c. Encourage area specific adaptive practices with greater participation of local communities.
Forestry and Biodiversity
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Policy Measures: • Arrest soil erosion, minimize insect outbreaks, reduce wildfires and other damages.
• Scientific research on forests, biodiversity and forest management systems.
• Scientific collaboration with international bodies regarding forest based adaptation.
• Establish gene banks to conserve the biological diversity of valuable flora and fauna.
Forestry and Biodiversity
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Policy measures suggested for:
Capacity Building & Institutional Strengthening
Awareness Raising
International & Regional Cooperation
Finance
Technology Transfer
Policy Implementation Mechanism
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International Cooperation & Finance
• Effective use of internationally available technology transfer and capacity building opportunities through:
1. Green Climate Fund: reaching to US$ 100 billion per annum by 2020
2. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
3. Adaptation Fund
4. Global Environmental Facility
5. Establishment of National Climate Change Fund
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Dr. Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry
Lead Author: National Climate Change Policy