pakistan rs. 50 u.a.e. aed 5 international us$ 5...cover story toyota corolla review what are fog...

�www.pakwheels.com January 2007

Monthly MagazineIssu

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With circulation of over 31,000+ copies every month

Pakistan Rs. 50U.A.E. AED 5International US$ 5


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Deals in all kinds of New and Used Automobiles


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EditorJag

Associate EditorSania Zafar

Editor at LargeNihal Akhtar

AdvisorsJ. PereiraMazhar HussainSabir Sheikh

MarketingM. Nazim (0�00-�9��0)M. Suleman (0�00-�090��)

FinanceContinental Establishment

Designed ByAZ Web Solutions

PhotographyAdil Khan - Lahore Adeel Khan - KarachiBazigh Kiani - Islamabad

Contributors(Alphabetical Order)

Abdul WahabAdeel KhanAdnan MaqsoodAltamash MuradArshad Ali KhanBazigh KianiHassan ChaudharyMansoor SoomroMuhammad ImranNaiyar HudaOsama AhmedSarim Kiani

For all queries regarding editorial, sales & marketing:

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Short News

APMA - News

Denso News

Isloo Bikers

Toyota Corolla [Review]

What are Fog Lights?

All about CVT

Interview with Hyundai Motors

Pricelist [Local Cars]

Pricelist [Motorcycles]

Know your EFI

How Radiator Works

Fuel Evolution

Automotive Antifreezes

Tools Usage : Chisels

Syed’s MB 1952

Spotted

PW Get-togethers

Classifieds HIG

HLI

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Editors Note Well, well this time with the celebrations of New Year we’ve tweaked our traditional cover story from � wheels into � wheels! YES, Superbikes is what we have featured this month, though most of them are stock but still hell fast. This issue, along with our usual stuff, we did an interview with Hyundai Dewan Motors CEO and MD so make sure you have a look at it.

To fill the missing gap we have included quite a few more short articles for your reading pleasure for which we have been receiving complains that there are too less of articles – also a regular review of Imported Toyota Corolla can be found on page �0!

Usually December is a slow monthly mainly due to end of the year with Christmas & Eid coming up.. but we at PakWheels had a major Get-together in Islamabad, in which almost over ��0 members showed up which proved their dedication for PakWheels, and for those who didn’t showed up missed a lot of fun!

And to end it, I wish everyone a very very Happy and prosperous New Year!

Cheers,Jag

Isloo Bikers

byBazigh Kiani

Cover Story

Toyota CorollaReview

What areFog Lights ?

Interview withHyundai Motors

Know your EFI

How Radiator Works

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STREET/RANGER


STREET/RANGER

SHORTNEWS & GOSSIPS

Rolls-Royce rolls into PakistanRolls-Royce Motor Cars celebrated the opening of its first new showroom in Pakistan today. The manufacturer of super luxury motor cars will be exclusively represented in Lahore by Dewan Motors. Further showrooms are planned in Karachi and the capital, Islamabad. Farooq Mustafa, President and Chief Operating Officer of Dewan Motors, said, “We are honoured to be representing the world’s ultimate automotive brand. We successfully open for business with our first customer order for a Phantom, taken a few weeks ago. The presence of Rolls-Royce in Pakistan is symbolic of the rapid growth taking place in the country”. For nearly one hundred years, Rolls Royce has been the icon of motor engineering and design. The name has entered the language as the expression of perfection in a range of endeavours far beyond the motor industry.

Pakistan to introduce London Black cabsLondon’s �00 ‘purpose-built Black cabs’ will be finally running on the roads of Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad within the first quarter of next year. Each cab will cost Rs�mn and passengers will pay Rs��.�0 per km, says one of the sponsors.This is part of the Prime Transport Limited’s plan to introduce about �,000 vehicles in Pakistan in two years and then manufacture at least �,000 cabs and export half of them to the Middle East, Africa and Asia, excluding China and Central Asian states, Dawood Khan, the chief executive officer of PTL, said.The project

had became controversial early this year when the government had announced to allow duty and tax-free import of �00 purpose-built cabs under straight-jacket specifications that basically described the London-based Black cabs and provided about �� days for bids. The entire project involved $8�0mn investment. Nobody had responded, not even PTL that had originally conceived the project and had signed a memorandum of understanding with the London Transport International (LTI) to import and then manufacture Black cabs in Pakistan.

As a result, Industries and Production Minister Jehangir Khan Tarin announced on June �� that the facility of duty and tax-free import would no more be applicable.Dawood said his company had not submitted the bid in protest against the government decision to seek bids for import of �00 cabs because his company already had licence from the LTI and had been discussing it with the government since �00�. He said his company would not import its initial lot of �00 cabs duty free but these would be exempted from sales tax as approved by the Economic Co-ordination Committee of the cabinet last week. The import would attract a normal �0% duty on completely-built units as applicable to others, he said. Last week, the ECC had allowed tax-free import of taxis with the new name of ‘purpose-built taxis’ as the Central Board of Revenue recommended that import of duty and sales tax-free taxis should be allowed.

Pakistan to produce 500,000 cars by year 2011Pakistani government has introduced

a five-year Auto Industry Development Plan (AIDP) aiming to increase local production of cars from �00,000 in fiscal year �00�-0� to �00,000 in �0��, a cabinet minister said Wednesday. The development plan will help make local auto industry more competitive, create capacity for local design and innovation, domestic competition, human resource development and auto cluster development, said Jahangir Khan Tareen, Pakistani federal minister for Industries, Production and Special Initiatives, according to state-run Associated Press of Pakistan. He expressed these views during a meeting with top leaders of the major Car Assemblers in Pakistan, including Toyota Indus Motor, Suzuki and Honda, according to the APP report. Under the AIDP, the used car import policy will be regulated so as not to impede the growth of local industry while protecting the consumer interests, the minister said. It was agreed during the meeting that indigenization of the local auto industry will be done as required under the AIDP, according to the report, with the minister saying that the government is keen to bring indigenization in the local auto industry. The Assemblers were reportedly in agreement with the Ministry on almost all the points of the AIDP draft.

The automobile industry in Pakistan has witnessed tremendous growth during the last few years. The car production rose to almost �00,000 units by end �00�-0� from about �0,000 in the year �00�-0�.

Pakistan oil imports bill mount to $3.39 billion Pakistan oil imports bill during July-November current year jacked up by ��

8www.pakwheels.com January 2007

percent to reach at $�.�9 billion, while this could further go up with the fast growing economy.

During the first five months of the current fiscal year, petroleum products’ imports swelled by �� percent to reach at �.� million tons as against nearly � million tons during the same period last fiscal year.

The government and the industrial sources told that the escalating demand for oil by the government organizations and private sector’s power producers played a dominant role in the pushing up of the petroleum products’ imports.

Finance ministry’s Advisor for Economic Affairs, Dr. Ashfaque Hassan told that the Pakistan’s economy growing by over � percent per annum generated high demand for energy, which triggered increased dependence on oil in the backdrop of the specified quantum of power production from the hydle and gas fueled plants and, therefore, the oil imports increased, despite more water being available in the Dams.

Tariff on auto parts import increased The government has revised upward the tariff on import of localised/non-localised parts of cars in CKD condition in five-year Auto Industry Development Plan (AIDP) after the industry rejected annual duty reduction in cars/LCV proposed by the Engineering Development Board, Business Recorder has learned.

Sources said that the proposed annual tariff reduction in AIDP has to be staggered for three and two years, respectively, with significant upward revision. The �� and �0 percent reduction proposed by EDB has been reduced to five percent only in the amended AIDP, they added.

The new tariff will be �0 percent for initial period of three years, instead of two years, on localised parts, which then will be reduced to ��.� percent for the next two years, and then to �� percent onward. The EDB had proposed, in the draft, a reduction of around �� percent, in phases, in five years to decrease duty on localised parts to �s� percent.

Similarly, tariff on non-localised parts of cars in CKD condition will be �� percent in the first two years, instead of one year, which will be reduced only to five percent in five years instead of �0 percent. In the next two years, the duty will be reduced to ��.� percent and then to �0 percent, instead of annual reduction to �0, �� and �� percent, respectively.

The draft AIDP will now be presented to the Prime Minister for approval following the consensus between the industry and the ministry of industries.

The industry strongly differed with government’s unveiled predetermined five-year tariff reduction but welcomed the incentive portion of AIDP designed to increase production turnover of the auto industry and annual export of parts to Rs �00 billion and Rs �9 billion, respectively, by �0��.

Sources said that the industry had opposed year-wise tariff reduction mainly because it meant withdrawal of protection, which would have exposed its weaknesses as, in reality, the local car makers entirely rely on assembling rather than achieving any significant localisation of parts.

Shariq Sohail, head of Rubatech and Pakistan Autoparts Manufacturers Association told Business Recorder: “No one will buy a car if the proposed annual tariff reduction is implemented, as people will wait for coming down of the vehicles’ prices following year after tariff decrease. In such a situation, who will make the huge investment required for localisation of heavy components like engine?”

He said that the industry had communicated its reservations to Minister for Industries and Production Jehangir Khan Tareen and CEO of EDB, Imtiaz Rastgar, during recent meetings and demanded that annual tariff reductions should be staggered to three years.

For localised parts of CKD cars, the EDB had proposed, in the draft of AIDP, that the tariff would be reduced from �0 percent to �� percent in �008-09 and further to �� percent in the next two years.

The tariff for CKD non-localised parts would be reduced from �� percent to ��.� percent in �00�-08 and would keep on decline by �.� percent every year to �� percent in �0�0-��.

The Minister is also expected to meet with truck makers on January �0 to have their suggestions, as the earlier scheduled meeting between the sector and the Ministry could not take place due to Cabinet meeting.

Work on M9 project stopped The Ministry of Communications has stopped work on a project for construction of two additional lanes on the Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway, known as M9, said Minister for Communications Shamim Siddiqui here on Saturday.

Speaking to reporters at a press conference, he said the project was stopped because the NHA had awarded the contract without informing the ministry, NHA Council and the Sindh government of its details.

The NHA had awarded the contract to a local party on build, operate and transfer basis and given it the “right of way” for next �� years without taking the Sindh government and the federal ministry into confidence, he said. He added a few provincial ministers had written letters, apprising him of their reservations about the project.

He said the NHA did not inform the Sindh government how long it would take for the party to recover its investment from the project and what share would be given to the provincial government. The party was supposed to begin collecting toll tax from December ��, he added.

He said the NHA Council and the provincial government sought details of the project and its design. The Sindh government did not want to give the “right of way.” The Punjab government had also not given the right of way on the highways on its territory, he said.

He said the ministry had sent its reservations to the Prime Minister’s Secretariat in writing and requested for

9www.pakwheels.com January 2007

appropriate action.

He said in �99� a contract for Pindi-Bhattian Highway, called M�, was given to a party on similar lines, BOT, but later it was completed with the government of Pakistan’s funds, which caused losses of billions of rupees to the exchequer.

He said the �8-kilometre stretch of the Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway was constructed at a cost of Rs�00 million, but cracks appeared on it very soon, exposing the low quality of work.

He said the NHA managed to bypass the ministry using some particular laws, although it was under its purview.

He said work on the highway from Nooriabad to Hyderabad had not completed for the last two years and more than 80 lives had been lost because of ill-planning.

The people of Sindh wanted the highways to be constructed with cement, which would make them stronger and increase their life, he said, adding they would be of great importance in the future because of Nooriabad Industrial Estate, Taiser Town and the projects of Defence Housing Authority.

NA speaker visits Indus Motor Speaker National Assembly Chaudhary Amir Hussain visited Indus Motor Company, guided by the company’s chairman and other members of the senior management team.

Amir Hussain reviewed operations and appreciated the company’s performance saying: “Toyota is the most popular and reliable car. Toyota is in high demand due to its high quality and performance.”

Amir Hussain congratulated the company on increasing its production capacity nearly four times in the last four years to meet the tremendous demand of its vehicles. There has been considerable transfer of technology from Japan, which has in turn provided more employment opportunities and has increased the skill level of workers via training.

The chairman briefed the speaker on Pakistan’s automobile industry hoping that the government would soon finalise a long-term auto policy including the suggestions of the auto sector so that further investment and production expansion may continue.

600 new CNG stations to get licences The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) will grant about �00 new provisional licences for construction of CNG stations and �00 marketing licences for commercial operations in the next year.

By the end of current financial year, the total number of operational CNG stations is expected to reach almost �,�00, said an annual report released by the Authority here.

According to details, the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) sector has shown tremendous growth in the past four years, resulting in addition of �9� operative CNG stations, thus bringing cumulative investment of more than Rs�� billion.

As of June �0, �00�, 9�� CNG stations were operating in the country while about �00 were at various stages of completion, which will further bring an investment of Rs�.� billion.

During the last financial year, the Authority issued �,�� licences for construction of CNG stations while �� stations were completed and granted marketing licences after receiving satisfactory inspection report from the third party inspectors, which is currently Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP).

The grant of �,�� licences for construction of CNG stations means a further investment of about Rs�� billion in the pipeline during the next two years.

According to the report, Pakistan has taken a lead role in developing the CNG infrastructure due to investor friendly policy and regulatory framework and at present stands third in the international ranking after Argentina and Brazil in

terms of vehicle conversion of CNG.

As of June �0, �00� about one million CNG vehicles were operating in the country. In the financial year �00�-0�, the total number of CNG stations was �09, which increased to 9�� in �00�-0� thus showing growth rate of �� percent and similarly CNG vehicles swelled to �,000,000 with growth rate of �� percent in the same period.

It said, the consumption of CNG as an alternate fuel in automotive sector is expected to grow during present financial year as it has been shown in terms of increased number of CNG converted vehicles and CNG stations for the last many years.

Assemblers demand complete ban on import of used carsLocal car assemblers on Wednesday demanded complete ban on the import of used cars in the proposed auto policy.

Car assemblers put forward this condition at a meeting with the federal minister for industries, saying the step would help the government and the stakeholders reach a consensus on the draft Auto Industry Development Plan (AIDP), an official told the Daily Times.

However, the minister, Jahangir Khan Tareen, said the government would not include the provision in the draft policy until the gap and supply and demand was bridged and the consumer prices of cars did not show stability.

According to an official in the car industry, this is our major demand and the government must accept it in order to save the local industry from a “possible collapse.” He said that our major concern is the import of used cars. The import data showed that the inflow of new cars in the local market was exhibiting a declining trend, the official said. He added that negotiations on the proposed AIDP was in progress.

According to an official statement, the minister for industries, production and special initiatives, who chaired the meeting, said the AIDP is a five-year plan under which the government aims

�0www.pakwheels.com January 2007

to increase the local production of cars from �00,000 in �00�-0� to �00,000 in �0�� by making the local auto industry more competitive, creating capacity for local design and innovation, domestic competition, human resource development and auto cluster development.

CEOs/chairmen of leading car assemblers of the country, including chairmen/CEOs of Toyota, Indus Motor, Suzuki and Honda, attended the meeting that was also attended by Hafeez Choudhary, Additional Secretary Ministry of Industries, Production and Special Initiatives, the CEO of the Engineering Development Board (EDB), Imtiaz Rastgar, and other officials of the EDB and the ministry.

The minister told the participants that the meeting has been scheduled as part of the ministry’s strategy to listen to all the stakeholders before finalizing the AIDP.

On the issue of import of used cars, the minister said that keeping in view the interests both of the assemblers and the consumers, under the AIDP, the used car import policy will be regulated so as not to impede the growth of local industry while protecting the consumers’ interests. It was also agreed that indigenization of the local auto industry will be done as required under the AIDP. The minister said that the government is keen to bring indigenization in the local auto industry.

The industries ministry and the car assemblers also agreed to set up a constitutional mechanism involving both the government and the auto industry for regular assessment of the AIDP implementation.

The draft was discussed in detail with the car assemblers. The assemblers were in agreement with the ministry on almost all the points of the draft. The car assemblers said that it is encouraging that the government is putting forward a broad framework under which the local industry can grow and they termed the AIDP an incentive in itself.

The minister directed the CEO of the EDB to form a group with the

assemblers to discuss the AIDP draft further before giving it the final shape.

City CNG dealers not to increase ratesThe rate of compressed natural gas (CNG) in the city is expected to stay at Rs�� per kg as two Karachi-based CNG associations have refused to follow their counterparts in Punjab who have increased the gas rates against an Ogra advice.

Mr Abdul Sami Khan, chairman, CNG Dealers Association, said the association, in an emergent meeting on Thursday, decided “not to increase the CNG rates immediately.”

Gas prices are reviewed by the government after every six months and the next review is due on Jan � when decision regarding increase or decrease would be taken, he said.

“The association follows Ogra rules and regulations, and the association would discuss the issue with the Ogra before taking any decision concerning CNG rates.”

Mr Sami Khan said a fake body had been claiming that the Ogra had allowed them increase in rates, which was wrong.

“Ogra has always invited the Karachi-based CNG body before taking any decision,” he added.

To a question long queues are witnessed at pumps and these have not reduced despite opening of many CNG stations, he said the CNG stations had been receiving gas with low pressure because of rising gas consumption in residential areas in winter.

He did not agree with the claim of the gas company regarding separate connections of gas for CNG stations.

“Only �0 per cent of pumps have separate connections while the rest rely on gas supply from the same residential pipelines distribution system,” he said.

Chairman, CNG Station Owners Association, Malik Khuda Bux, said that the association would not increase the CNG rates.

Auto, auto parts’ fair endsThe second International Auto and Auto Parts Pakistan �00� Exhibition and the co-locating exhibition and conference, Connect IT �00� came to a conclusion at the Karachi Expo Centre on Saturday.

The exhibition was rewarding for the participants in terms of unmatched business leads and a chance to interact with and promote alongside leading international companies. Supported locally by the Pakistan Auto and Spare Parts Suppliers and Distributions Association (PASPIDA) and internationally by the Thai Auto Parts Manufacturers Association, the four day AAPP �00� exhibition was showcased products and services from more than �0 companies from �0 countries including Belgium, China, India, Iran, Pakistan, Thailand, United Kingdom and USA.

During the four days, the exhibition attracted many trade visitors and key decision makers. Some of the companies that received an overwhelming response included Dahching Electrical Industries. Exhibitor ‘Card Deals’ which had on display imported world famous imported vehicles including the Mercedes Smart (two door, ��0 cc), a range of BMW vehicles received an overwhelming response from the audience.

In automobile security, the cutting edge anti-theft system and car tracking system and that came with a SIM card, giving the owner the capability to trigger the vehicle dysfunctional was highly appreciated by the visitors. Other exhibitors that received a good response and booked orders at the exhibition included Adamjee Automotives (local representatives of a German based Robert Bosch), Western Technologies (local agents of Oberon Manufacturers – business lubricants) and Haji Muhammad Alam and Sons (manufactures of automotive forged components and precision automobile components).

��www.pakwheels.com January 2007

Association of Pakistan Motorcycle Assemblers (APMA), the representative body of the producers of non-traditional Chinese bikes, has rejected the revised prices of some of the most essential parts by the Engineering Development Board. An office-bearer of APMA who talked to Pak Wheels on condition of anonymity called the token reduction in the prices of some of the parts “useless and an eye wash” adding that it is a classical bureaucratic case of “too late too little”.

The ‘reworked’ valuation prices were announced at the conclusion of the meeting of the Committee constituted by the Board of Management of the EDB on “under-invoicing, mis-declaration and smuggling “at the Conference room of the Board in Islamabad on November 8. The meeting of the Committee was convened on the request of APMA in connection with the notifications issued by the Directorate General of Customs Valuation on September � and September �� that APMA allege fixed the prices of �� critical imported parts on arbitrary high side.

According to the information available with Pak Wheels the “reworked” prices were announced “with the consensus of Japanese and Chinese manufacturers though sources in APMA, who attended the meeting, told to AM that no such ‘consensus’ was ever reached in the meeting.

The “reworked” prices decided by “consensus” were not only token they were truly a work of art: of the total �� parts prices of � parts namely carburettor, crank shaft and cylinder head were reduced by �� per cent, �� per cent and 9 per cent respectively. The price of crank case set fixed at $ �� and crank case cover (left/right) fixed at $ ��.�9 were “to be determined’ later. The “reworked” prices of �� other parts were not changed at all. And here is why I called the price “reworking” exercise a true work of art; the price of frame body was increased by a whopping �0 per cent from $ �0 to $ ��and it was the only proposal of APMA that was accepted with ‘consensus’ perhaps because it was the only part the price of which was fixed by the Valuation Department on the lower side.

APMA has maintained all along that the Valuation Department of the Customs arbitrary fixed the prices of the imported

parts on extremely high side on the basis on wrong information fed by the producers of traditional Japanese motorcycles, Atlas Honda in particular. It has also maintained that the highly over-priced valuation of some of the most critical parts used in the assembly of bikes are aimed to push the production costs to uneconomic levels to let the traditional manufacturers dictate the market once again.

The overvaluation by the Customs is not only unfair and unjust but it also deprives the people to exercise one of the most basic consumer right-the right to chose, an APMA office bearer lamented to Pak Wheels. By resorting to such unethical practices the Valuation Department of the Customs in league with Atlas Honda is dreadful indeed because it means that traditional manufacturers would once again resort to monolistic tendencies they developed during the protection they enjoyed before the deregulation of the motorcycle industry just a few years ago, he added.

Talking to Pak Wheels the Vice Chairman of APMA, Muhammad Sabir Shaikh, who attended the meeting with ten office bearers and general body members of APMA, said that the “reworked” prices are just unacceptable because they are meaningless. They, in fact, have only worsened an already bad situation by refusing to address our just demand to save our members from excessive over-invoicing resorted to by the Customs Valuation Department.

“Why stops the Customs officials to address our genuine concerns that branded parts used in the manufacture of Chinese bikes are available for much lower prices and it is these prices that the valuation should be made. We have said again and again, and say it once again, that prices of branded parts imported from China and used in the assembly of motorcycles by non-traditional members, irrespective of the fact whether they are our members or not, are much lower than those fixed arbitrarily by the Customs officials. For instance branded carburettor is available at $ �.�0 and not “reworked” $ �� or “unworked” $ ��; branded crank case (left) is available for $ �.�� and (right) at $ �.80 and not “unworked” $ ��.�9 both left and right. Similarly, branded crank shaft is available for $ 8.00 and at “reworked” $ ��.��; branded cylinder head at $ 8.�0 and not at “reworked” $ �0 or

“unworked” $ ��.0�; crank case cover left and right at $ $ �.80 and $ �.�0 and not at “to be determined” $ ��.�9 for both; drum gear shift at $ �.�9 and not the “unchanged” $ �.99. In addition, branded fuel tank is available for $�.�0 and not at “unchanged” $ �0; magneto at $ �.00 and not at “unchanged” $ �.�0 and piston at $ �.�0 and at “unchanged” $ �.��, Sabir said.

Sabir Shaikh lamented that though the assemblers of Chinese bikes are themselves the victim of systematic excessive over-invoicing they are accused of under-invoicing by the decision makers in the Central Board of Revenue against all decent norms of fair play and justice. Our pleas seem to be falling on deaf ears against all norms of justice in concerted move to push us out of business by pushing our production costs for the benefit of the traditional manufacturers, he added.

Sabir Shaikh offered the CBR that APMA is ready to help CBR verify the claims that the prices of essential branded parts used in the manufacture of Chinese brands of motorcycles are in fact available at prices that the Association claims they are available by visiting China. The office bearers of APMA would be more than glad to accompany the CBR officials to China to verify the prices quoted by us all along from the Chinese companies themselves.

“I hope that CBR would agree to this proposal of ours to settle the dispute once and for all to let the non-traditional assemblers work in peace for the overall benefit of people who have welcomed the presence of real competition in the motorcycle market. This is obvious from the fact that local-made Chinese bikes have increased their share of the market from just �� per cent three years ago to more than �0 per cent at present. We have brought the prices of bike to affordable levels and in the process have forced the traditional manufacturers to reduce the prices of their products, a practise not thought possible before by the traditional producers. And we have also improved the quality of our products to satisfy the growing demand for quality. Disappearance of competition would help traditional producers to the old monopolistic tendencies the ultimate price of which would be paid by the people.”

APMA rejects ‘reworked’ parts prices by Engineering Development Board (EDB)

(Association of Pakistan Motorcycle Assemblers, APMA)NEWS


Pakistan Motors (Pvt) Ltd distributors for DENSO Spark Plugs in Pakistan conducted seminars on �th, 9th, and ��th of Dec�00� covering � major cities PML-DENSO Center - Karachi, Hotel Holiday-Inn - Lahore and Hotel Shalimar - Rawalpindi respectively with Principal DENSO Singapore. Main purpose of seminar was a follow-up of �st seminar conducted in June 0�, to review the dealers’ sale performances and rewarding the target achievers.

The Seminars were hosted by PML team members and DENSO representative Mr. Yanagansar from Singapore. In the light of outstanding performance of those who achieved the given targets got rewards and incentives along with the title of Sub-dealers (A part of official dealers’ network to sell DENSO Genuine Spark Plugs).

The Seminars were attended by dealers and potential customers of the markets in different cities. Title of Sub-dealers for PML to sell DENSO genuine spark plugs was awarded to the following achievers. 1. M/S Saleem Autos , (Prince Center, Karachi) i. Mehran Auto ( Mirpurkhas) ii. Sind Autos (Hyderabad) iii. Data Motor Store (Hyderabad) iv. Madina Motors (Karachi)

2. M/S Anas Autos (Prince Center, Karachi) i. M/S Shahid Autos Banaras (Karachi) ii. M/S Mithani Autos (Karachi) iii. M/S Super Autos (Karachi) �. M/S Maqsood Autos (Badami Bagh, Lahore) i. M/S Universal Motors (Lahore)

�. M/S Kohinoor Traders (Baboo Bazar, Rawalpindi) ii. M/S Fahim Autos (Rawapindi) iii. M/S Kayani Autos (Rawalpindi) iv. M/S Jan Autos (Rawalpindi)

Seminars in all cities were followed by presentation by Mr. Mazhar Warsi of PML and Mr. Gana of DENSO Singapore. Main emphasis in presentation was to highlight the performance of dealers’ and to educate and create awareness regarding imitation Spark Plug in DENSO Black Packing with name of DENSO.

To avoid getting victimized by imitation product and for the purchase of DENSO Genuine Spark Plugs in BLUE Packing, PML advised its dealers to adopt the authorized channel supply.

PML announced Feb �00� as the planned month for seminars for service work shops, as influencing unit in purchase of Spark Plugs are mechanics and work shops and they play a very important role in process of purchase.

Keeping the high market demand for DENSO Motor Cycle Spark Plugs from the market. Mentioning the relevant numbers according to the current market requirement, PML announced that now it is introducing DENSO spark plugs in all ranges of motorcycles in near future. Mentioning the models and types of spark plugs it was added if there is any other model required as per market demand that will also be added in this range.

Concluding the seminars before dinner, PML team and DENSO representative extended their congratulations and best wishes for next target and assured all their support in promotion of DENSO Spark Plugs, it was also mentioned that such kind of seminars should be held on every � months basis to create awareness and educate users the advantages of using genuine DENSO products in the long run and increase the market share in the future. Article By : Adnan Maqsood (Sr. manager) Pakistan Motors (Pvt.) Ltd.

SEMINAR ON DENSO SPARK PLUGS 7TH, 9TH & 11TH DEC 2006


M. Anjum MinhasGROUP LEADER

Bike : HONDA CBR 600RR

Job : Cost Manager

Mods Dunlop Qualifier, Vortex Racing Sprocket, Platinum Sparkplugs, Two Broth-ers Racing Exhaust & Header and K&N Performance Airfilter.

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Fahad RanaMEMBER


Job Student

Mods Mostly Stock.

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SUperbikez have always been a dream of children and adults alike. The Izloo Bikerz is a group of enthusiastic bikers in islamabad who own and drive the fastest wheels on the capital roads. Details & Pics are as follows.


Ahtasham SabbiriMember

Azeem ChaudharyMember

Khurram ImranMember


Job Business Man

Mods Mostly Stock.

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Bike : HONDA CBR 1000RR REPSOL (Limited Edition)

Job Business Man

Mods Mostly Stock.::

Bike : Suzuki GSXR 600

Job Business Man

Mods Mostly Stock.:

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TajullahMember

:

Irfan MahmoodMember

:

Bike : Yamaha R1

Job Business Man

Mods Mostly Stock.:

Bike : Kawasaki ZX636R

Job Business Man

Mods Mostly Stock.:

ANJUM MINHAS ON THE ROAD ON HIS HONDA CBR 600RR IZLOO BIKERS CRUISING ON THE ROAD


SUPERBIKES POSING FOR A SNAP Group PicturE

ANJUM ON HIS HONDA CBR 600RR COMPETING WITH A BOEING IZlOO BIKER’S PHOTOHRAPHER TRYING THE CBR 600RR (KIANi1)

IZLOO BIKER’S ADVISOR & PHOTOHRAPHER HASSAN WITH CBR 600RR FAHAD’S CBR 600RR ALONG WITH AHTASHAM’S CBR1000RR

Photography : Bazigh KianiHassan Chaudhary

IMAGE MANIPULATION : Sarim Kiani


Review: Toyota CorollaFirst Glance

Here’s a bit of trivia drivers might answer incorrectly: Which car model has sold the most in history? Model A? Nope. Model T? Nope. VW Beetle? Nope. Toyota Corolla? Bingo. Worldwide, the Corolla is the top seller of all time. It was first introduced into Japan in �9�� and came to the U.S. in �9�8. Within five years, it was the second best-selling car in the country. And we all know only the corolla has a resale value or the best resale value in Pakistan.

The shape is really nice, its no top end car so given the price and target customers they could have gotten away with much less Toyota wouldn’t settle for that now would they? (Well our local ones sure do)

Interior FeaturesThe interior is where the Corolla really shines. Inside, there is ample room in the car, and it doesn’t feel cheap. Of course it’s true that if you’re a big and/or tall person you will find accommodations somewhat cramped but that’s the case in

any regular sized vehicle.

It is nicely laid out and its finish is as good as that in all but the most expensive luxury cars. Coupled with the nice finish, it makes the Corolla feel more like a top high end car. The dashboard layout is the same on all models. The radio is located high up so it is easy to reach while the three large round knobs for the heating and air conditioning system are located below.

Driving ImpressionsOne word sums up the driving experience in the new Corolla: transparent. That’s a benefit to those who don’t particularly enjoy driving. The Corolla gets the job done so nicely that it’s difficult to fault.

For those who enjoy doing their own shifting the five-speed manual allows for more performance as the engine’s power can be better utilized. There is no difference in engine, transmission or suspension

I like smaller cars, hatch backs they are easy to drive, but this


is as good even though it’s bigger. It steers really well and is easy to drive in the traffic, very smooth indeed. I have driven all the models which are being imported from Japan, ��00cc and the ��00cc X assista, X and the G

As long as the car is a good one its good to drive, that’s one draw back I guess that it is a used car at the end of the day and you have to make sure you are getting a good car and not getting ripped off by some shabby dealer.

SummaryThe Corolla is the car to consider if you’re looking for a sophisticated and utterly reliable sub-compact sedan that blends in so well it’s almost non-existent. It’s not too much of a stretch to say the Corolla is a baby Lexus, it certainly has the same DNA.

Pros

It’s a Toyota

Parts are available

Decent resale as compared to other imported cars

Better than the local one by a mile

Nice design

Fuel economy

Cons

Its second hand

Competitors

Our local civic, city, corolla

Imported Premio, allion.

Safety

ABS

Air bags

Seat belts

Models AvailableFrom �000 to �00� in different grades with different options

PricePrice from 8 lacs to �� lacs given the model, options and condition.

If you need help with the imported cars you can contact me and I will try to help you out.

Altamash Murad

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Written by Altamash Murad


Elite AutomobilesM/s Elite Automobiles management is engaged as one of the most qualified and professional import CKD business. It carries a ready stock inventory of imported CKD critical parts to ensure fast and prompt supply for the most time-pinched assembler/manufacture and to fulfill the daily retail and whole sale market demands, company ensure to import quality product for Pakistan market, for this reason they are import motorcycle spare parts from biggest source from china.

To keep abreast of the latest technology and technical developments, the management of company tries to attend and participate in related international exhibitions and activities. The company established solid contacts in China with almost all the biggest suppliers to maintain the inventory.M/s Elite Automobiles have further plans in the near future to establish a LTV-HTV related parts import business.

To help sustain the growth it is imperative that the government should reduce the duty on the CKD unitsAs well as critical parts and spares primarily because motorcycle is the means of transport of low-income

Segments of the society.

The management of M/s Elite Automobile also stressed that the government should device policies that facilities the export of motorcycle to neighboring Afghanistan as well as other middle and low-income countries in Africa and elsewhere to help make the local two-wheeler industry export oriented. This would not only help push the production to new record levels but would also help the government earn precious foreign exchange for an industry which employs tens of thousands of staff and workers, both directly as well as indirectly and has the potential to create massive employment opportunities under the right conditions.

Mr. Saad Khalid is the Chief Executive of M/s Elite Automobiles. He did his graduation in Business and Engineering from UFT, Canada.He started his Carrier as an importer and consultant in �99�.

Young and dynamic Mr. Saad Khalid is currently engaged in the imports of KCD critical parts of �0cc motorcycle –an import company which has an exponential growth in a very short span of time. Besides being engaged in the import of critical CKD motorcycle parts Mr. Saad Khalid works as a consultant providing technical information to set-up motorcycle assembling/manufacturing plant.

Mr. Saleem Siddiqui is the director of the company. He graduated from National College Karachi in �00�. Under the esteemed and skillful leadership of Mr. Saleem, his firm has achieved brilliant and remarkable achievement in the field of automobile.

His is a young and dynamic person to meet and always willing to achieve his goals.

He ensure that best quality and services for their customer.

Saad Khalid Chief Executive

Saleem Siddiqui Director


What are Fog Lights ?Effects of Weather

The weather has a miraculous affect on our every day lives. It can have an impact on what type of clothing we wear and how we spend our leisure especially holidays. Weather also affects agriculture, transportation, and industry. But severe weather, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and blizzards, can severely damage property and can take lives. Freezing temperatures can damage crops especially in citrus-growing regions. Winter snows often create hazardous driving conditions. The accumulation of heavy fog may slow traffic on the roads and cause delays at important destinations like hospitals, railway terminals and airports. Thick fog can also cause fatal road accidents. It was in view of the highly dangerous road conditions during fog that the ‘Fog Lights’ were invented. In this article we’ll discuss the new technology and latest innovations employed in the automotive fog lights.

Safety and Visibility

Safety has always been a prime issue in automotives. This is why auto manufacturers keep adopting latest technologies and placing the best and innovative features on their cars to make them safer. One of these is the fog light. The most important aspect in driving is your visibility. You should be able to see ahead where you’re going in order to avoid hitting anyone or anything coming in your way. But if you can’t see where you are going, the chances are very high that you or someone else is going to get hurt. That is why it is strongly recommended to use fog lights on rainy days, foggy days, or during night driving. High beams, which only reflect back on fog and rain, create all the more blinding effect on your eyes. Fog lights are so designed as to pierce through the fog to provide you better visibility. They also supplement the low beams of your headlights, and working together, they maximize your vision on the road. The fog lights thus provide precision for a highly controlled light pattern to enhance the driver’s visibility in snow, rain, sleet, thick fog, and even in blizzards.

How Automotive Fog Lights Work

In order to help visibility in foggy and misty conditions fog lights which are fixed on the front of a car or truck, are now extensively used in nearly all the modern cars. The fog lights come in variety of colors and intensities and

provide remarkable assistance in navigating poor weather. A scientific principle of cutting through the fog with the help of extra low-level light helps solve visibility problem especially in foggy driving conditions..

Leaving apart red which is the color already used for both stop lights and brake lights most fog lights are yellow in color because of the need for a single color light rather than white light, to minimize dispersion as the light hits the water vapor and scatters in

different directions. Another reason to use yellow color is because it has the longest wavelength next to the red. But the size of water molecules has a definite impact on dispersion. The problem arises when the size of water vapor molecules in fog are large enough causing restricted dispersion making the wavelength of the light meaningless. So in choosing the yellow lights which was believed to be minimizing the blur the fog lights cast, the first car companies did not take into account the impact of the water vapor size on dispersion. Also because yellow color was used to indicate various cautions to a driver

As therefore many modern fog lights are halogen light that allow them to burn at much hotter temperatures than traditional lights. Halogen fog lights tend to have a tighter beam than incandescent fog lights, which yields an additional benefit. A special class of fog lights, seen on some newer

cars, is high-intensity discharge lamps. These lights may use a number of different minerals to operate, including mercury, sodium and halide. These fog lights are often distinguished by a purplish shade of color, rather than the traditional yellow color.

While some vehicles come with factory installed fog lights, there are some that don’t. But you needn’t worry as aftermarket fog lights are available on the market, and come in different shapes and sizes. You can always opt to upgrade the factory-fitted fog lights to higher-output halogen , HID (xenon) or projector style lamps Not only do fog lights make your driving safer, they also add to the aesthetics, drive safely in style.

Updates on Rear Fog Lights

There had been repeated commotions over the installation of rear fog lights for quite some time in the past. But the recent decision to add the safety feature (rear fog light) was in response to an online petition by more than �00 U.S. Mini owners requesting that Mini parent company BMW AG activate the rear fog lights on their cars. Many owners say they want the feature because they fear trucks won’t see their small cars in bad weather.

The Company report comments on the exceeding sales of Mini with rear fog lights than those without. The Rear Fog lights are standard on Minis sold in Europe today. Also that the Mini Brand recognition is climbing sharp around the world.

Written by Arshad Ali Khan


A continuously variable transmission is a type of automatic gearbox that has no gears. It was first used in �88�. Most of us are more likely to have encountered it in applications such as ride-on lawn mowers or one of the current generations of ‘twist-and-go’ scooters. It provides two obvious benefits: smooth, completely step less gear changing and fuel efficiency similar to (or better than) that of a manual transmission.

Some say you can’t teach an old dog new tricks. But the continuously variable transmission (CVT) is now replacing planetary automatic transmissions in some automobiles. This is one old dog that has definitely learned a few new tricks. Rather than having a fixed set of gear combinations, or “ratios”, the CVT transmission allows an almost limitless number of engine speed to vehicle speed ratios. This provides significant benefits over a traditional automatic transmission.

There are different types of CVT but they operate on the same basic principle. The idea is similar to that of a multi-geared bicycle in which the chain can move from large to small gearwheels at the front (driven by your legs on your bike) and at the back (where they drive the rear wheel).

This variability allows the cyclist to keep pedaling at the same speed while the bike goes faster or slower and makes it easier to climb hills. Similarly, a car engine with CVT can maintain its optimum operating speed regardless of the vehicle’s road speed, so maximizing its efficiency.

But unlike a bicycle, where the chain jumps between large and small

gearwheels as you change gear, with CVT it stays constantly connected to the same gearwheels at the front and rear. However these can effectively grow bigger or shrink. This is possible because they are not actually gearwheels like on a bike but pulleys formed by two opposed cones with their narrow ends touching, effectively forming a “valley” in which the chain runs.

Unlike traditional multi-speed automatic transmissions, the CVT is an “infinite speed” unit with no perceptible shifting. During maximum acceleration, the drive ratio adjusts to maintain peak engine horsepower. At a constant vehicle speed, the CVT maintains just enough engine power for economical cruising.

CVT Advantages

Continuously variable transmissions are becoming more popular for good reason. They boast several advantages that make them appealing both to drivers and to environmentalists. Broadly, CVT has following � merits: (�) Mobility(�) Low Fuel Consumption(�) Smooth Acceleration(�) Shock-Free “Shifting”(�) � Modes of Driving - Normal/Freeway Driving (D) and High RPM Driving (S)

Going in a bit more detail, we have made a comparative analysis between features and benefits of CVT. Let’s have a look. Feature: Constant, step less acceleration from a complete stop to cruising speed.

Benefit: Eliminates “shift shock” -- makes for a smoother ride.

Feature: Works to keep the car in its

optimum power range regardless of how fast the car is traveling.

Benefit: Improved fuel efficiency.

Feature: Responds better to changing conditions, such as changes in throttle and speed.

Benefit: Eliminates gear hunting as a car decelerates, especially going up a hill.

Feature: Less power loss in a CVT than a typical automatic transmission.

Benefit: Better acceleration.

Feature: Better control of a gasoline engine’s speed range.

Benefit: Better control over emissions.

Feature: Can incorporate automated versions of mechanical clutches.

Benefit: Replace inefficient fluid torque converters.

Primarily, CVT was praised because it combined both fuel economy and smooth ride very successfully. A continuously variable transmission serves the same function as a traditional transmission. The difference, however, is that an indiscrete range of outputs is produced. When CVT was introduced, its purpose was to get rid of the gears. So CVT in a way means No More Gears. CVT transmissions have been refined over the years and are much improved from their origins.Today, several car manufacturers, including General Motors, Audi, Honda and Nissan, are designing their drive trains around CVTs.

Written by Mansoor Soomro


Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

An Interview With C.E.O of Hyundai Dewan Motors Regarding Import Policy

The Governments policy on Import of Cars should be having a Major Impact on your company. What do you have to say about that?

Our company’s main product is Santro which got very much competition from the imported Vitz but that I think has been phased out because it had a big problem of Parts and Service. Toyota Company in Pakistan is not providing any backup to the Vitz owners and CNG on the other hand is also a drawback.

The Governments perspective that there is a shortage of supply in view of the current market demands. That has already been met. There’s no logical reason why a liberal policy should be followed. We should be strengthening our industrial base now and for that we need the Governments patronage for leverage regarding imported cars.

You know that imported cars are dumped at the port and a new car’s pricing cannot match that of the imported one. If you look at the imported market, the cars produced here support a big part of the vendor industry, the engineering base is increased, labor jobs are increased and the whole industrial base becomes strong.

By importing cars, the Government is increasing its trade deficit and killing labor jobs. The only advantage the Government is getting from imported cars is Custom Duty.

So the Government should stop Import of used cars?

Yes, the Government should either stop import or if they want to keep it open, their pricing structure should be revised to keep it in accordance with the local cars pricing.

How many parts in your cars are imported?

About �0% of our cars are imported. It’s called a CKD (Completely Knocked Down) Kit. The Governments policy is that ��% of the car should be locally made which is known as deletion program. The mufflers, tires, seats and some other parts are locally made. This supports the local industry. If you take Suzuki, it is totally made in Pakistan with very little imported parts.

What is the effect on the economy by the Automobile Industry and the Government’s Import Policy?

Pakistan’s economy which has grown in the past few years has a big part contributed by the Automobile Industry on engineering base. If a local car would be cheaper, then as you know, it’s our people psyche to prefer imported cars over locally made cars.

Your company introduced an imported car named the Coupe. Is it totally imported or a CKD Kit?

Yes, it was totally imported and was introduced for hobbyists and only a few units were imported.

How many units were sold in the Year 2006?

We have sold nearly ��000 units of Santro in the country and the market forcast shows a ��% increase in the coming year.

Manzar Khurshid Shaikh

CEO


Interviewers & Photography: Osama Ahmed & Bazigh Kiani

An Interview With M.D of Hyundai Dewan Motors Regarding Import Policy

What kind of market competitors are you facing?

We have only two products in the cars category, Santro & the Coupe. With the Santro, we face tough competition in the �000cc category with Suzuki Alto & Cultus. Chevrolet & Daihatsu have a very minor share in this category. The Major share is with Suzuki & Hyundai. Suzuki Company sales out nearly 8�0 vehicles (incl. Alto & Cultus only) every month while we sale our Santro nearly �00 units per month.

What is your Product’s (Santro) edge over the competitors in the market?

The main feature of our product which gives it an edge over the competitors is its newly designed engine. This engine features a new EFi (Electronic Fuel Injection) system rather than the old Carburetor system found in the Alto & Cultus. This technology gives it better mileage and keeps the engine in good running condition.

The Governments policy on Import of Cars should be having a Major Impact on your company. What do you have to say about that?

Yes, initially we did face some problems and a decline in sale due to the Governments import policy. The cars that were imported became readily available and were hurriedly bought by the people as it happens in Pakistan that anything new or imported is preferred over local products. But eventually these vehicles had problems and people stop buying these imported cars. Still people are buying them but at a smaller scale. The only reason for this is that their spares are very hard to find and their engine service could not be done at workshops in Pakistan without newly trained mechanics. The Government has only allowed import but they have not thought about their spares and maintenance. So in the end, either these cars are sold out or are at the showrooms where the dealers are unable to sale them.

Your company also introduced imported models of your cars. Please comment on their sales.

Well, the Sonata has been sold to around ��0 units all over Pakistan. The Coupe however has had a very low sale. Only 8-�0 Units were imported out of which only few have been sold. This is because only the motor enthusiasts prefer to buy these cars and in Pakistan, the trend to buy high-end sports cars has just only started.

Managing Director

M.D. Hyundai Dewan Motors & Osama Ahmed


PRICELIST

CIVIC i-VTEC Prosmatec TransmissionCIVIC VTi Oriel - Manual TransmissionCIVIC VTI VTi Oriel - Prosmatec TransmissionACCORD �.� I-VTEC A/T

HYUNDAI

Santro “EXEC”Santro EXEC GV CNGSantro ClubSantro Club-GV CNGSantro Club-GV SE - FIFA Special EditionShehzore Pickup H-�00Shehzore Pickup H-�00 (Deckles)Terracan (M/T) �.9L CRDITerracan (A/T) �.9L CRDISonata (M/T) �.�L DOHCSonata (A/T) �.�L DOHCCoupe (M/T) �.0L DOHCCoupe (A/T) �.0L DOHC

KIA

PICANTO EX M/T (�.�L)PICANTO EX A/T (�.�L)RIO EX M/T (�.�L)SPORTAGE LX M/T (�.0L �x�)SPORTAGE LX A/T (�.0L �x�)SPORTAGE EX A/T (�.0L �x�)

CHEVROLET

OPTRA ��00 CC (Semi Loaded)OPTRA L ��00 CCJOY MANUALEXCLUSIVELS EXCLUSIVE

FIAT UNO

UNO PLUSUNO D/LTD

MITSUBISHI

LANCER �.� GLLANCER �.� GLX M/TLANCER �.� GLX A/TLANCER �.� GLX M/TLANCER �.� GLX M/T S/RLANCER �.� GLX A/TLANCER �.� GLX A/T S/RGALANT M/T �.O CCGALANT A/T �.O CCGALANT DIESEL M/T �.O CCGALANT VR ��00 CCGALANT VR ��00 CCGALANT VR SPORT ��00 CCPAJERO GLS M/T D �800 CCPAJERO GLS A/T D �800 CCPAJERO GLS A/T LTD �800 CCPAJERO GLS A/T V� P �800 CCPAJERO GLS A/T V� LTD P APP �800 CCMINI BUS L�00 (L)MINI BUS L�00 (DX)

SSANGYONG

REXTON RX-��0 DIESEL M/TREXTON RX-��0 DIESEL A/TREXTON RX-��0 DIESEL (Top of the Line)REXTON RX-��0 PETROL (Top of the Line)CHAIRMAN CM �00S GASOLINE A/TCHAIRMAN CM �00S GASOLINE A/TCHAIRMAN CM �00S GASOLINE A/TSTAVIC �WD STANDARD M/TSTAVIC �WD FULL OPTION M/TSTAVIC �WD FULL OPTION M/TSTAVIC �WD FULL OPTION A/T

NISSAN

SUNNY EXS M/T ��00 CCSUNNY EXS M/T ��00 CC (CNG)SUNNY EXS A/T ��00 CCSUNNY EXS M/T ��00 CCSUNNY EXS M/T ��00 CC (CNG)SUNNY EXS A/T ��00 CCSUNNY EXS A/T ��00 CC (CNG)

ADAM MOTORS

REVO 800 CC PETROLREVO 800 CC PETROL PLUS (CNG)REVO 800 CC PETROL A/CREVO �0�0 CC PETROLREVO �0�0 CC PETROL PLUS (CNG)REVO �0�0 CC PETROL A/CREVO �0�0 CC PETROL PLUS A/C (CNG)ZABARDAST ECONO � TON ��00 CCZABARDAST SUPER � TON ��00 CCZABARDAST JEEP �X� �800 CC A/C

SUZUKI

MEHRAN VXMEHRAN VX (CNG)MEHRAN VXRMEHRAN VXR (CNG)ALTO VXALTO VXRALTO VX (CNG)ALTO VXR (CNG)CULTUS VXR ( A/C, Petrol ) CULTUS VXR ( A/C, Petrol & CNG )BOLAN A/CBOLAN STDBOLAN GL (CNG)BOLAN STD (CNG)RAVI PICKUP STDRAVI STD (CNG)POTOHAR STDPOTOHAR A/CLIANA �.� M/T (Made in Japan)LIANA �.� A/T (Made in Japan)LIANA �.� RXI M/TLIANA �.� RXI M/T (CNG)LIANA LXI �.�L M/TLIANA LXI �.�L M/T SPORTLIANA �.�L EMINENTAPV M/TJIMNY M/TJIMNY A/TGRAND VITARA XL-� MTGRAND VITARA XL-� PT

QQ

CHERRY 0.8L BASICCHERRY 0.8L COMFORTABLE

TOYOTA

CAMRY A/T ��00 CC PETROLCAMRY M/T ��00 CC PETROLLAND CRUISER PRADO A/T �000 CCLAND CRUISER PRADO M/T �000 CCCOROLLA XLICOROLLA GLIALTIS MANUAL �.8 PETROLALTIS AUTOMATIC �.8 PETROLCOROLLA �.ODSALOON �.ODHILUX �X� S/C STDHILUX S/C D/SPECHILUX PICK UP

DAIHATSU

CUORE CXCUORE CX ECO (CNG )CUORE CX A/T

HONDA

CITY Manual Tranmission �.� LCITY VARIO �.� LCITY VTEC Steermatic �.� LCIVIC i-VTEC Manual Transmission

PRICE

Rs. �89,000Rs. �09,000Rs. ��,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. �9�,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. 9�0,000

PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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Rs. �,��9,000Rs. �,��9,000Rs. �,�99,000Rs. �,�99,000

PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

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PRICE

Rs. 899,000Rs. 9��,000Rs. 9�9,000Rs. �,0�9,000Rs. �,0��,000Rs. �,�09,000Rs. �,��9,000

SUNNY S.SALOON A/T ��00 CCCEFIRO V-� A/T ��00 CCXTRAIL LE.�F DIESEL M/T ��00 CCXTRAIL SLX DIESEL M/T ��00 CCXTRAIL LE.�F PETROL M/T ��00 CCXTRAIL LE PETROL A/T ��00 CCXTRAIL SLX PETROL A/T ��00 CCSGL GRADE PATROL M/T TD �� DIESEL

MASTER

Master Highland ��00 CCMaster Forland ��00 CCMaster Forland W/o Deck ��00 CCMaster Econo �900 CCMaster Econo W/o Deck �900 CCMaster Grande ��00 CCMaster Grande W/o Deck ��00 CCMaster Rocket ��00 CC

CHANGAN

KALAM EFI 800 CC ( High Roof )KALAM 800 CC ( Single Cabin )GILGIT 800 CC ( Double Cabin )

ROMA

ROMA FAMILY VAN STD. �000 CC A/CROMA FAMILY VAN �000 CC Delux A/CROMA FAMILY VAN �000 CC Luxury A/CROMA MINI TRUCK �000 CC

SOGO

SOGO FAMILY VAN �000 CCSOGO FAMILY VAN 800 CC (With Alloy rim)SOGO FAMILY VAN 800 CC (Without Alloy rim)SOGO DOUBLE CABIN 800 CC (With Alloy rim)SOGO DOUBLE CABIN 800 CC (Without Alloy rim)SOGO PICK - UP (Without Alloy rim)

TMC

TMC ALIF CAR w/o CNGTMC BAY DELIVERY VAN w/o CNGTMC BAY PICK - UP w/o CNG

LAND ROVER

DEFENDER 90 CABRIOLET �.�TD W/O A/C DEFENDER 90 HARD-TOP �.�TD WITH A/C DEFENDER ��0 HADRTOP �.�TD WITH A/C FREELANDER DIESEL �.� V� TDDISCOVERY III V� �.0L SEDISCOVERY III V� �.0L HSEDISCOVERY III V8 �.�L SEDISCOVERY III V8 �.�L HSEDISCOVERY III V� �.� DIESEL SDISCOVERY III V� �.� DIESEL SEDISCOVERY III V� �.� DIESEL HSERANGE ROVER SPORT V� �.�L TD SRANGE ROVER SPORT V� �.�L TD SERANGE ROVER SPORT V� �.�L HSERANGE ROVER SPORT V8 �.�L SERANGE ROVER SPORT V8 �.�L HSERANGE ROVER SPORT V8 �.�L SUPERCHARGEDRANGE ROVER V� �.0TD SERANGE ROVER V8 �.�L SERANGE ROVER V8 �.�L SUPERCHARGEDRANGE ROVER V8 �.�L VOGUE

PROTON

SAGA �.� M/TSAGA�.� CNGWIRA �.� M/TWIRA �.� CNGGEN-� �.� M/TGEN-� �.� CNGGEN-� �.� A/TGEN-� �.� M/TGEN-� �.� CNGIMPIAN �.� M/TIMPIAN �.� A/T

Rs. �,�80,000Rs. �,�9�,000Rs. �,�9�,000Rs. �,��0,000Rs. �,�80,000Rs. �,��,000Rs. �,8�0,000Rs. �,0��,000

PRICE

Rs. �8�,000Rs. ��,000Rs. ��0,000Rs. �99,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��,000Rs. ��,000Rs. 9��,000

PRICE

Rs. �99,000Rs. �9�,000Rs. ��0,000

PRICE

Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. �99,000Rs. ��9,000

PRICE

Rs. ��0,000Rs. ��,000Rs. �0�,000Rs. �80,000Rs. ��0,000Rs. �9�,000

PRICE

Rs. ��,�00Rs. �89,��0Rs. ��,��0

PRICE

�,��8,000�,��9,��0�,��,��TBA�,900,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,800,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,000�,�00,0008,�00,000�,�00,0008,�00,0009,�00,0009,800,000

PRICE

Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. ��9,000Rs. 8�9,000Rs. 889,000Rs. 898,000Rs. 9�9,000Rs. 999,000Rs. �,0�9,000Rs. �,��,000

Note : Prices are subject to change wihtout notice. Prices mentioned below are updated on �th January �00�


Manufacturer Brand PriceA.B. Engineering Ltd. Laser AB-�0 Rs.��,900

Ahmed Automobile Safari SD-�0 Rs.��,�00

Ali Raza Industries Ltd. Royal Star RS-�0 Rs.��,000

Atlas Honda Ltd. Honda CD-�0 Rs.��,000

Babar Auto Trd. Mnf. Co. Asia Hero AH-�0 Rs.��,�00

Baweja Automobiles Challenger BA-�0 Rs.��,�00

Blue Star Automobile Blue Star BS-�0 Rs.��,�00

Crown Motorcycle Company Crown Lifan CRLF-�0 Rs.��,�00

D.S. Motors Unique UD-�0 Rs.��,�00

Dawood Yamaha Ltd. Yamaha Janoon Rs.��,��

Dewan Motorcycles Ltd. Star DL-�0 Rs.�9,999

Eagle Industries Ltd. Eagle DG-�0 Rs.��,900

Fateh Motors Ltd. Hero RF-�0 Rs.�8,�00

Ghani Automobile Ind. Ltd. Ghani GS-�0 Rs.��,000

Habib Motorcycles Ltd. Habib HB-�0 Rs.��,000

HKF Engineering Ltd. Ravi RA-�0 Rs.��,000

King Hero Motorcycle Industries King Hero KH-�0 Rs.��,�00

Memon Associate Foundry Super Star SS-�0 Rs.��,000

Metro Hi-Tech Ltd. Metro Hi-Tech MR-�0 Rs.��,�00

Moon Traders Moon Star MT-�0 Rs.��,000

N.J. Auto Industries Ltd. Super Power SP-�0 Rs.��,�00

New Asia Automobiles New Asia NA-�0 Rs.��,�00

Omega Industries Road Prince RP-�0 Rs.��,�00

Pak Hero Industries Ltd. Pak Hero PK-�0 Rs.�9,000

PCIC Society Ltd. Shorab JS-�0 Rs.�9,�00

Plum Quingqi Motors Ltd. Qungqi QM-�0 Rs.��,000

Raazy Motor Industries Hi-Speed SR-�0 Rs.��,�00

Rafiq Engineering Ltd. Royal RL-�0 Rs.��,�00

Raja Auto Cars Ltd. Hawk HK-�0 Rs.��,000

Shafiq Sons Jinan JN-�0 Rs.��,000

Sitara Auto Impex Guangta GT-�0 Rs.��,000

Sonica Auto Industries Ltd. Sonica-�0 Rs.��,900

Suleman Auto Industries Ltd. Geo-�0 Rs.��,000

Super Asia Motors Ltd. Super Asia SA-�0 Rs.��,000

Suzuki Motorcycle Pakistan Ltd. Suzuki GS-��0 Rs.��,�00

Toyo International Motorcycle Toyo TG-�0 Rs.��,�00

United States United US-�0 Rs.��,000

Zxmco Pakistan Ltd. Zxmco ZM-�0 Rs.��,�00

Local Assembled Motorcycles Pricelist

Note : Prices are subject to change wihtout notice. Prices mentioned above are updated on �th January �00�


Know Your EFIToday’s technology does not enjoy the freedom it enjoyed in yesteryears. Today technology has to conform to various regulations relating to different aspects of life namely health, environment, society etc. Strict laws are in force to control the detrimental effects of technology. One such law in force in developed countries is the emission regulation created and enforced by Environmental Protection Agencies, which requires the content of harmful gases in emissions to stay within the prescribed limit.

In the �9�0’s, studies were conducted into sources of air pollution in the United States and automobiles were held responsible for the most significant damage. By late sixties emission regulation was put into force to control this type of pollution. This regulation was the main motivation behind introduction of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) system in cars and today all automobiles sold in United States have this type of fuel supply system.

The engine in automobiles is an internal combustion engine. In it, fuel mixed with air in a pressurized environment is ignited, causing combustion with an explosive energy. This energy is converted into mechanical energy by the engine and is the primary force responsible for the movement of an automobile. As air is required for combustion, a proper amount of it should be present with the right amount of fuel in the cylinder to allow complete burning of the fuel and avoid leftovers in the exhaust emission, which are the main cause of air pollution. If air is more than fuel the engine runs lean and if air is less the fuel does not burn properly and the engine runs rich. In this case the emission will have a large amount of unburned fuel in it resulting in environmental pollution.

To maintain the proper fuel/air ratio the supply to the engine is done through a fuel metering system, which can be of three types: (Carburetion, Port Fuel Injection and Direct Fuel Injection).

Since the early internal combustion engines the carburetor has been the device that provided fuel to the engine. The function of the carburetor is to mix the right amount of fuel with air as air flows into the engine. With the advance in technology it has became more and more difficult for the carburetor to cope with the increasingly complex operating requirements. The carburetor is also unsuitable to meet emission regulations. To overcome these shortcomings Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) technique was introduced in cars. The initial type of fuel injection was throttle body fuel injection systems that supplied electrically controlled fuel into the throttle body. These later evolved to multi-port fuel injection.

In EFI system, fuel is injected in measured quantities in the engine to allow optimum mix of air and fuel and reduce unburned fuel to least possible levels. The fuel is injected to the intake valve in atomized form by injecting at high speed through a small nozzle, this allows a much better air fuel mix that would be possible otherwise. Complete combustion of the fuel will occur only if the air/fuel mixture is in the right stoichiometric ratio (the amount of air required to burn a certain amount of fuel). Many components play a part in this, typically the following components are involved

Injectors – ECU turns injector on for an amount of time known as injection pulse width or injection duration. This duration is calculated by ECU for different operating conditions according to a formula. In multi-port fuel injection all the injectors can open at the same time

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(synchronized injection) or each one can open just before the intake valve for its cylinder opens (sequential injection). The latter is more desirable as it more readily adapts to sudden changes and the time taken to incorporate changes is for the next valve to open rather than wait for the complete engine revolution.

Fuel pump

Fuel pressure regulator

ECU - Engine Control Unit or Engine Control Module which consists of a computer and circuitry to communicate with sensors and control output.

Sensors

A number of sensors are used by the ECU to monitor each and every activity that is taking place. The various sensors include the Mass Airflow Sensor, which is used to monitor the amount of air entering the engine. Oxygen sensor also called the O� Sensor, EGO (Exhaust Gas Oxygen) sensor, is used to gauge the amount of oxygen in the exhaust to see how rich or lean the fuel mixture is.The position of the throttle valve is also monitored by a sensor, the Throttle Position Sensor to see how much air is entering the system. There is an Engine Speed Sensor that monitors the speed of the engine. This factor helps in calculating the pulse width.

Fuel metering is done by ECU based on information from all these sensors. This way the system gains control over the small fraction of unburned fuel. It strives to match every molecule of fuel to a molecule of oxygen so that none remains after combustion. EFI for different type of fuel engines require corresponding programming of the ECU. EFI allows improved engine performance, enhanced driving experience, better fuel efficiency and improved emission control. Although technologically more advanced EFI is mechanically less complex and requires little maintenance and periodic adjustments than other fuel metering systems.

Due to widespread usage EFI is becoming less expensive and more reliable. In developed countries it has become costlier to maintain carburetor fuel metering than EFI due to gradual phasing out of the former. In developing countries however, where emission regulations do not exist the carburetor is still a less expensive alternative and it will be some time before EFI gains widespread usage here.

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Written by Naiyar Huda


The General Principle in Radiators

Radiator is a set of pipes or tubes that gives off heat to its surroundings. Steam or hot-water radiators in homes transfer heat to the air in a room. When warmed, the air next to the pipes expands, becomes lighter, and rises. Cooler air from the room streams in to take its place, creating a constant circulation of air. This process is called ‘Convection’, and certain types of radiators are called ‘convectors’. Radiators also heat room air directly through the process called ‘Radiation’.

Automotive Radiator Design

An automobile radiator works the same way as the above general radiator. Water carries heat from the engine to tubes at the front of the radiator. Air rushing past the tubes absorbs heat and cools them. An engine-driven or electric fan helps move air through the radiator when the engine is idling or the car is stopped or moving at low speed.

A radiator is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan. Most cars use aluminum radiators. These radiators are made by brazing thin aluminum fins to flattened aluminum tubes. The coolant flows from the inlet to the outlet through many tubes mounted in a parallel arrangement. The fins conduct the heat from the tubes and transfer it to the air flowing through the radiator.

The tubes sometimes have a type of fin inserted into them called a ‘Turbulator’, which increases the turbulence of the fluid flowing through the tubes. If the fluid flowed very smoothly through the tubes, only the fluid actually touching the tubes would be cooled directly. The amount of heat transferred to the tubes from the fluid running through them depends on the difference in temperature between the tube and the fluid touching it. So if the fluid that is in contact with the tube cools down quickly, less heat will be transferred. By creating turbulence inside the tube, all of the fluid mixes together, keeping the temperature of the fluid touching the tubes up so that more heat can be extracted, and all of the fluid inside the tube is used effectively. Radiators usually have a tank on each side, and inside the tank is a transmission cooler. It is the inlet and outlet through which the oil from the transmission enters the cooler. The transmission cooler is like a radiator within a radiator. Instead of exchanging heat with the

air, the oil exchanges heat with the coolant in the radiator.

Working of Automotive Radiator

In order to understand how a car radiator works, it might help to understand the nature of the internal combustion engine it guards. A car’s engine has numerous moving parts, and where there is movement there is friction. Friction creates heat. Motor oil is pumped throughout the engine block to provide lubrication, but it is not enough to overcome this excess of heat energy. As a result, parts of the engine gradually become boiling hot. This is exactly where the radiator system comes into play. The engine block must be kept relatively cool to avoid serious problems like overheating and engine seizing. If the pistons cannot move up and down freely in

their cylinders because of excessive friction which creates enough heat to expand metal, in this case the cylinders, they will eventually snap and cause total engine seizure.

The Engine Coolant

To prevent the engine from seizing, a mixture of water and anti-freeze is pushed through chambers in the engine block to absorb the excess heat. When this superheated engine coolant exits the engine block, it returns to the radiator through a large rubber hose. A car’s radiator is designed to maximize surface area through a significant number of internal folds and chambers. As the hot engine coolant moves through these nooks and crannies, excess heat is drawn out through the walls of the radiator. An electrical or belt-driven fan may force cooler outside air through the radiator to accelerate this cooling process. As the car moves, the front of the radiator is also cooled by the outside air coming through the car’s grill. By the time the superheated engine coolant has made its way through all

of the chambers of the radiator, it should be cool enough to make a return trip through the engine block. However, if the coolant flow should be reduced by a blockage or loss of fluid, the engine block will not be cooled down and the remaining engine coolant will boil over. This is the reason why maintaining a full coolant level is so important, especially during long drives and hot weather.

Required Level of Temperature

A radiator does not contain any electronic parts of its own. Only special sensors register the temperature of the coolant as it leaves the radiator. Engine coolant does not have to be especially cool in order to be effective, so there is usually a wide range of temperatures that are considered to be within the desired limits. If anything goes wrong with the radiator itself, such as a leak, a broken or loose hose, the operating temperature of the car can reach a dangerous level within no time. The engine must be allowed to cool down naturally and gradually before the vehicle can be driven safely to a mechanic garage.

Aftermarket Radiator Options

It is commonly misunderstood by most people that a particular model of car has just one radiator option. This is not so, most makes and models have various options and it is essential for you to find the correct one for your car. Many motorist shops and even main dealers do not realize that one car radiator is very different from another car radiator.

It is through hearsay that manufacturers sometimes learn about a proprietary product being used by customers to stop a leak or fill a hole in their car radiator. But this practice is not advisable because the long term effects of these can cause over heating and expensive damage to your cars engine. It is not that the improvised products do not do the job, but because they are not a long term solution. The improvised propriety products which are substitute products, a second choice can be useful only in an emergency to get you home and not beyond. The cooling system of your car is pressurized and because of this if you need to add fluid other than that at service, it is an indication that there is a failure in your cooling system. If you notice that the fluid level keep needing to be topped up then it is time for you to contact your mechanic. Remember neither can you or your family go anywhere with a car without a “Radiator”.

How Radiator Works?


Fuel EvolutionRecently PSO, Pakistan State Oil Company started selling ethanol blended fuel but people are still apprehensive about it as they don’t know what it is and will it perform without harming the engine. This article is going to shed some light on bio fuel and its future. The fuel of the future is going to come from fruit like apple weeds, saw- dust, and from almost anything similar to these. The CEO of the ford company tells the reporter of New York Times that there is a fuel in every bit of vegetable to be fermented. These words firstly described by Henry Ford, the owner of Ford Company in �9��. At that time Ford and some other companies made some types of cars in which bio fuel were used. Now after eight decades, ford still leads with Bio fuel powered cars and they have already started sales of such cars in Europe. Other companies following the lead are Renault, Volkswagen, Honda and Toyota to name a few. The detour of fuel comes again near to bio fuel which is nowadays in form of ethanol and oil of soybeans and raw of sugar can. These types of elements make strong mixture with gasoline that combines powerful energy for petrol and diesel engines.

The most widely used fuel is ethanol. In the world about 90 percent of ethanol fuel is used in industrial purpose and the remaining for transportation. About one quarter of world ethanol production goes into alcohol beverages.

The global production of ethanol from sugarcane is increased to double till �000. Brazil is the country that initiates such type of fuel activity and comprise up to �0% of fuel requirements for transportation in the country. The fuel of diesel is also started from very small scale which converts into three fold production.

The increase in petroleum prices since �00� has raised interest in bio fuel in many other countries. The sky high prices insists many segments of world to think about alternatives and do work on it. Many delegations form

India, China, Thailand, Philippine etc have traveled to Brazil, keeping hope in their minds that they should also regulate bio fuel in their country to reduce the cost of production, transportation and keep economy in best stream.

Farmers, Energy companies and many other concerns believe that bio fuel is not much imaginary as they thought in future. Even the next generation can extract it from

more cheap s o u r c e s like wheat, paper straw, corn and m u n i c i p a l w a s t e s which are potentially far lower in cost and more economical than gasoline. They have p r e d i c t e d that carbon

fuel will vanish after few decades and bio fuel will take place.

The wide range of potential benefits of bio fuel generates opportunities, as well as threats. The groups involved deeply in fuel industry don’t want to shift over their business in different nature of business. The military hawks have their own thinking: they don’t want to shift their all assets into unreliable mean of fuel which can create defense and security risks. At the same time in many counties many political alliances have combined to get assess to bio fuel in their country.

The exciting growth in bio fuel will be beneficial for both economic and environmental conditions. The some crucial questions still to be answered are:

Can bio fuel meet the requirement to world transportation, production and other phases.

Can the investment companies leave enough space for small farmers to perform their activities?

What should be the policies regarding that?

Can the requirement for food and wildlife disturb by cultivating of corps for bio fuel? etc

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Environmental risks and opportunities:

Since �9�8, in Brazil there was great issue of ethanol fuel regarding to environment. It created lot of problems for mankind and wild life. The disposal of alcohol and other chemicals in water created some serious diseases. Some of them could be cured and the rest couldn’t be. The fumes of initially made oil created dark clouds which contains chemical mixed water. But after a large scale research, now Brazil has maintained some new parameters to control and stop the negative effects of bio fuel in environment and sky. They have successfully implemented that mythology in their country. Now it is safe and sound. With contrast to gasoline, it created such type of atmosphere which can create cancer of many type, effects lungs and create noise pollution in society. And it can’t be control.

Second thing is that, cultivation activities can increase the opportunities for farmers of every country. Especially Pakistan which is based on agriculture and ��% of population is related to that field, can easily take lot of benefits from implementation of such type of fuel. Its economy can take boost with great moral, and it can place its position into developed countries due to huge amount of exports and developing foreign exchanges.

In the last, the best case scenario is that the fuel can provide clean air and water; cheap prices, affordability and each and every country can be self sufficient to meet its requirement. It will definitely help all over the world to cut off the monopoly of some countries that have natural resources of gasoline oil. The important thing is that there should be a criterion to assess indicators who can bear the weight of soil fertility, equity of landownership, waste management, and local economic development.

Written by Muhammad Imran


Automotive Antifreezes

Introduction

Before we discuss various Antifreezes that are used in automotives, it is highly essential that we understand what a freezing point is. Freezing point is defined as the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid state. The freezing point differs from substance to substance depending upon the pressure each is pushed against. For example mercury freezes at �8.8� °C while Gold has a freezing point of �0�� °C.

Also that the freezing point of a pure substance is identical or corresponding to its melting point, which is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state. The melting points of different substances also vary considerably. For example, tungsten has an extremely high melting point, ��0 °C, but solid hydrogen melts at the low temperature of -��9 °C. The melting point of a material depends partly on whether the material is a pure substance or a mixture. For example, water freezes at 0 °C, and its solid form, ice, melts at the same temperature. Thus, at the freezing point, the liquid and solid forms of the substance can exist together in a state of balance, unless heat is added or removed to change this state. Under normal conditions, however, they will remain in that equilibrium state indefinitely because for each amount of liquid that freezes, an equal of solid melts.

How Antifreeze in Automotive Work

The composition of a substance affects its freezing point. Pure substances, such as a pure element or a simple compound, freeze at one specific temperature. In contrast, mixtures, which consist of several chemically uncombined substances, freeze over a range of temperatures. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, for instance solidifies as the temperature falls from �000 °C to 800 °C.

There are different effects of the increase of pressure on different substances:

1. An increase of pressure raises the

freezing point

A significant increase in pressure can affect the freezing point. The application of pressure raises the freezing point of gold, mercury, and other substances that contract upon freezing. Pressure promotes this contraction, and so the substances freeze at a temperature above their normal freezing point.

2. An increase of pressure lowers the freezing point

An increase in pressure lowers the freezing point of a few substances, such as antimony, bismuth, and water. These substances expand as they freeze. Added pressure prevents this expansion from occurring at the normal freezing point. As a result, the substances can freeze only at a lower temperature.

The freezing point of most liquids can be lowered by adding another substance to them. This, in fact is the principle, which forms the basis for using antifreeze in automobile radiators during the winter.

Antifreeze is a substance that is added to a liquid to lower its freezing point. Antifreezes are used in compounds that remove ice or prevent it from forming, and in refrigerants and heat-transfer fluids. But we shall restrict to automotive antifreezes, which are added to an automobile engine’s cooling system being the scope of our study in this article.

An automobile engine operates at extremely high temperatures. It is cooled by fluid circulating through a cooling system. This

prevents the engine from overheating, which can result in engine damage. Previously, water alone was used in the cooling system during the summer, and antifreeze was added to the water during the winter. Today, however, automobiles are designed to use a mixture of equal parts of water and antifreeze as the coolant the year around. Antifreeze prevents the water from freezing in cold temperatures. But modern antifreezes also raise the boiling

point of the water. The cooling system therefore can operate at higher temperatures without the risk of boiling. In fact it operates more efficiently at higher temperatures.

In older automobile vehicles materials as kerosene, honey, salt water, and methyl alcohol were once used as antifreezes, but these substances can damage a car’s engine. Today, most automotive antifreezes are composed chiefly of

a liquid compound called “Ethylene Glycol”.

Glycols, also called ‘Diols’ is a type of organic compound that make up a class of alcohols. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, a poisonous liquid that is thick and colorless. Ethylene glycol has a high boiling point of �9�.� °C and is very soluble in water. It is used in hydraulic brake fluids and as permanent antifreeze in automobiles. Manufacturers of alkyd resins, plastic products and synthetic fibers use ethylene glycol as a moistening agent i.e. as a solvent in paint and plastic products. Amongst molecular chains of ethylene glycol are the viscous Polymers that are used as lubricants, solvents, and chemical intermediates. However the nonpoisonous propylene glycol is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and even foods. But the ‘Automotive Antifreeze’ contains ‘Ethylene Glycol’, which has a freezing point of -�� °C. A mixture of equal parts of ethylene glycol and of water freezes at about -�� °C.

Most latest automotive antifreezes also contain chemicals that protect the metal parts of the automobile engine’s cooling system from corrosion.



Advanced Consulting & Technical Service

– Performance Upgrades –– Custom Solutions –– Turbo Charging –– Super Charging –

– Upgrades –

COLD chisels are used for cutting metal. The one most generally used is the flat cold chisel. The mechanic has need for this tool to cut rivets, cut thin metal sheets, chip metal and to split nuts.

Chisels are made from tough, high carbon steel. Usually the bar stock from which the chisel is forged is octagonal (eight-sided) but may be hexagonal (six-sided), round, square or rectangular. The width of the cutting edge of a cold chisel denotes its size.

In addition to flat cold chisels, there are several other types which sometimes are very useful in general repair work.

The cape chisel which is quite narrow in width is used to cut keyways, narrow grooves and square corners.

The round nose chisel is used for cutting semi-circular grooves and chipping inside corners which have a fillet or radius.

The diamond point chisel is made square at the point, then ground on an angle across diagonal corners which make the cutting face diamond-shaped. It is used for cutting “V” grooves and square corners.

After the cutting edge of a cold chisel is correctly formed by grinding, it is hardened and then tempered. Hardening the chisel

gives it the property of being able to cut metal. But after it is hardened, it must be tempered. Otherwise, the cutting edge would be so brittle that it would probably break the first time it was used.

There are a number of important things to remember about chisels—

Always use a chisel that is big enough for the job.

Use a hammer that is heavy enough for the size of the chisel— the larger the chisel, the heavier the hammer.

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Ordinarily a chisel should be held in the left hand with the thumb and first finger about an inch from upper end of the chisel. Hold the chisel with a steady but rather loose grip with finger muscles relaxed. That way, if you miss the chisel with the hammer and strike your hand it will slide down the chisel and lessen the effect of the hammer blow on your hand. The best thing to do, of course, is to not miss hitting the chisel. When chipping metal, the depth of the cut is controlled by the angle at which you hold the chisel. Don’t try to take too deep a cut. For rough cuts, one-sixteenth of an inch is enough, with half that much or less for finishing cuts.

Keep your eyes on the cutting edge of the chisel. Swing the hammer in the same plane as the body of the chisel. Strike one or two light blows to check your “swing,” then increase the force as required.

When using a chisel for chipping, always wear goggles to protect your eyes. If there are other men close by, see that they wear goggles or are protected from flying chips, or else put up a screen or shield to keep the chips from hitting anyone. These two precautions can save many a man from losing the sight of an eye. Remember that the time to take these precautions is before you start the job. After a person is injured, it’s too late.

If you are using a chisel on a small piece, clamp it rigidly in a vise. Chip toward the solid or stationary jaw of the vise. Chip in a direction away from, never toward, yourself.

To avoid marring or otherwise damaging finished surfaces on a piece which has to be clamped in a vise with roughened jaws, use copper jaw covers. These are frequently called “soft jaws” or “caps.”

The cutting edge of a chisel must be sharp in order to cut. It is sharpened by dressing it on an emery wheel. When sharpening a chisel, try to maintain the original angle of the cutting edge by grinding only a small amount at a time from each side. Hold the chisel against the wheel with very little pressure to avoid overheating and dip the cutting end of the chisel in water often enough to keep it cool. Otherwise you will draw the temper and

the cutting edge will be soft and the chisel

useless until it is rehardened and tempered. This is a job that can be done only be an experienced heattreater. The cutting edge should be ground on a slight radius—higher in the center than at the ends.

After dressing the cutting edge of a chisel on an emery wheel, inspect the other end. Sometimes it becomes upset or “mushroomed”—spread out like an umbrella—as a result of hammering. It’s dangerous to hammer on a chisel or punch which has been upset. Pieces may fly off and cause injury. Grind off the upset metal so the end of the chisel will be slightly tapering and comparatively flat across the top.

Flat cold chisels are the ones most frequently used by mechanics but the other types mentioned have helped many a mechanic out of a “tight spot” when the right tools to do the job were not at hand.

For example, there are several types of

extractors for removing broken studs—the portion of the stud remaining in the part after the stud has been twisted in two. If you have to remove a broken stud and have a set of these extractors, the job will be comparatively simple. If you don’t have the extractor, the broken stud can be removed with the aid of a chisel.Information Provided byHinopak Motors Limited

CAPE CHISEL

ROUND NOSE CHISEL

DIAMOND POINT CHISEL

SPLITTING

A NUT

BEFORE AND AFTER DRESSING

Tool’s Usage : ChiselsCOLD CHISEL


SYED’SMB 1952


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Audi Q7 Chrysler 300C Porsche Targa 4S

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c l a s s i f i ed s

Daewoo, Racer (�99�) M/T, Yellow (orignal) color for sale in Islamabad / Wah �90,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��

Daewoo, Racer (�99�) M/T, Perl Black color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0�009��

Daewoo, Racer (�999) M/T, White color for sale in Islamabad 9�,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, asking Rs. �00,000 Call on 0�008��8��

Daihatsu, Charade (�98�) M/T, White color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km

done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0�� 0��99

Daihatsu, Charade (�98�) M/T, White color for sale in Karachi ��0,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0��8��00��

Honda, Accord (�98�) M/T, Normal color for sale in Karachi �00,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, Sunroof, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��-�99��

Honda, City (�99�) M/T, Light Golden color for sale in Lahore ��0,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��-��9��8

Honda, City (�00�) M/T, Gray color for sale in Lahore ��,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0�0�-��/0��-� � � � � � � / 0 � � -

��8�8/0��-��0

Honda, City (�00�) M/T, Metallic Rose color for sale in Lahore ��,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. �8�,000 Call on 0�0�-��/0��-� � � � 8 � 8 / 0 � � -��0/0��-��

Honda, City (�00�) M/T, Cyprus Blue color for sale in Gujranwala �,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. 8��,000 Call on 0��0�8�

Honda, Civic (�98�) M/T, Green color for sale in Rawalpindi �0,000 km done, with CNG, asking Rs. �90,000 Call on 0�00-98�089�

Honda, Civic (�988) M/T, Metallic Grey color for sale in Kamra/rawalpindi �00,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, asking Rs. �90,000 Call on 0��98�080

Honda, Civic (�99�) A/T, Black color for sale in I s l a m a b a d / r a w a l p i n d i ��0,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, asking Rs. �80,000 Call on 0��8��

Honda, Civic (�99�) M/T, British Green color for sale in Islamabad ��0,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. �,��0,000 Call on 0�00�8��08�

Honda, Civic (�998) M/T, Cashmire Silver color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��0��


c l a s s i f i ed s

Honda, Civic (�00�) A/T, Harvard Blue color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. 8��,000 Call on 0��-��8

Honda, Civic (�00�) A/T, Brown Metalic color for sale in Quetta 0 km done, A/C, CD Player, Sunroof, asking Rs. �,�00,000 Call on 0��8��0��

Jeep, Any Model (�9�8) M/T, Red color for sale in Rawalpindi 8�,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. �00,000 Call on 0��8�0��

Nissan, Any Model (�00�) A/T, Black color for sale in

Karachi ��,�00 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0�00 ��8�8

Nissan, Sunny (�99�) M/T, Maroon color for sale in Islamabad �0,000 km done, A/C, Call for price. Call on 0��-�9�8�88

Suzuki, Alto (�00�) M/T, Beige color for sale in Karachi �8,000 km done, with CNG, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��-��0��

Suzuki, FX (�98�) M/T, Blue color for sale in Lahore 80,000 km done, with CNG, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0�00-��90�8

Suzuki, Khyber (�99�) M/

T, Grey color for sale in Lahore ��,000 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��-��0��90

Suzuki, Mehran (�99�) M/T, Red color for sale in Rawalpindi �0,000 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. ��0,000 Call on 0��-�0�0��9

Toyota, Corolla (�99�) A/T, White color for sale in Rawalpindi ��,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. 8��,000 Call on 0��

Toyota, Corolla (�00�) M/T, Off-white/white color for sale in Sialkot �00 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. �,�00,000 Call on 0�00��0��/0�� 8�� 8��8/��

Toyota, HiAce (�99�) A/T, Blue color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km done, A/C, asking Rs. 9��,000 Call on 0�0��

Toyota, Surf (�99�) A/T, Grey color for sale in Islamabad ��,000 km done, A/C, CD Player, asking Rs. �,�00,000 Call on 0��-��9�

Volkswagen, Passat (�988) M/T, Metalic Green color for sale in Lahore A/C, asking Rs. ��,000 Call on 0��-��00��

How to place your ad

Register yourself at PakWeels.com and post your car for sale on website.All entries must include Contact Number else they will not be published in the Magazine.Selected entires at the end of each month will be published in the magazine. So Logon to www.pakwheels.com and submit your ad now!



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