pakistan floods. july-august 2010
TRANSCRIPT
Pakistan Floods
July-August 2010
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Pakistan
• What is a flood?• Pakistan country• Pakistan health statistics before the flood• Impacts of Pakistan floods 2010• Causes of Pakistan floods 2010• Response to Pakistan floods 2010• Health needs of the floods affected communities• How to protect ourselves from floods?• Disaster risk reduction
Pakistan Lecture Highlights
Pakistan Pakistan Country
Source: http://geology.com/world/pakistan-satellite-image.shtml
Capital: Islamabad
Largest city: Karachi
Official language(s): Urdu and English
Regional languages: Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Seraiki and Balochi
Demony:m Pakistani
Government: Federal Parlimentary Republic
Total area: 803,940 Km2 (36th world largest country)
Pakistan Pakistan CountryPopulation (2010): 170,294,000
Density: 211.8/ Km2
GDP (PPP) (2010): Total: $451.972 billionPer capita: $2,731
GDP (nominal): Total: $177,901 billionPer capita: $1,067
Gini (2005): 31.2 (Medium)
HDI (2007): 0.572 (Medium)
Currency: Pakistani Rupee (Rs.)
Source: Wikipedia
Pakistan Pakistan Health Statistics
Source: World Health Statistics 2008 (Figures are for 2006 unless indicated)
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 62/63
Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2003): 54/52
Probability of dying under five (per 1000 live births): 97
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1000 population):
218/194
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2006): 51
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2006): 2.0
Pakistan Floods
A flood is a temporary covering by
water of land not normally covered by
water
Some floods develop slowly, some
flood s happen during a very short
time
Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world
Floods trend and their intensity are increasing due to climate change
worldwide.
Pakistan Flash Floods
Flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few
minutes and without any visible signs of rain
The flash floods’ lead time in some part of the US is as short as
60 seconds and in west part of Golestan province, Iran, as 15
minutes
Is the most killer type of floods
Pakistan Floods can occurs:
Outside a river or stream, when a levee
is breached
When a dam breaks
In rivers, when flow exceeds the
capacity of the river channel
Damage to homes and businesses if
they are placed in flood plains of rivers
Pakistan Human Beings are at increasing risk of floods!
Human being likes to live next to water! No matter how the
areas are threatened by floods!
Of course, the human being has the experience to mitigate the risk of
floods in many areas. But most parts of the world do not know about
these experiences or do not have enough capacity to use them!
Pakistan Floods Adverse Effects
Primary effectsPhysical damage - Can damage any type of structure, including bridges, cars, buildings, sewer systems, roadways and canals
Casualties - People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and waterborne diseases.
Secondary effectsWater supplies – Contamination of waters
Diseases - Unhygienic conditions and spread of water-borne disease
Crops and food supplies - Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest.
Trees - Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation.
Tertiary/long-term effectsEconomic - Economic hardship, due to: temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, food shortage leading to price increase ,etc.
Pakistan World’s Deadliest Floods
Event Death1931 China floods 2,500,000 - 3,700,000
1887 China Yellow River flood 900,000 - 2,000,000
1938 China Yellow River flood 500,000 - 700,000
1975 China Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina
231,000
2004 IndonesiaIndian Ocean tsunami
230,000
1935 Yangtze river flood 145,0001950 Netherland, St.Felix’s flood storm surge >100,0001971 North VietnamHanoi and Red River Delta flood
100,000
1911 China Yangtze river flood 100,000
Pakistan Flood Damages to Pakistan, July-August 2010,
by Affected Provinces
Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/flood-2010.html
KPK: Khyber PakhtunkhwaAJ&K: Azad Jammu and Kashmir
BALOCHISTAN KPK PUNJAB SINDH AJ&K GB G.Total
Deaths 24 1068 103 44 69 183 1491
Injured 98 1056 350 405 83 60 2052Houses
Damaged19,619 179,874 500,000 271,699 6,472 2,820 980,484
Pakistan Comparison of Pakistan 2010 Floods Damages with other Major Disasters
Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/Documents/flood_2010/flood_comparison.pdf
*Based on initial assessments
PAKISTAN FLOOD *
(August 2010)
EARTHQUAKE PAKISTAN (Oct 2005)
KATRINA CYCLONE USA
(Aug 2005)
NARGIS CYCLONE
MYANMAR (May 2008)
Population Affected 14,571,885 3,500,000 500,000 2,420,000Area Affected (Sq Km) 132,000, 30,000 23,500
Deaths 1,313 73,338 1,836 84,537Injured 1,588 128,309 19,359Household Damaged 722,508 600,152 450,000
Est. Economic damage (Million US$)
5,200 125,000 4,000
Pakistan Map of Flood Affected Area in Pakistan
Pakistan 2010 Extreme Weather Events around the World !
Heat wave and wildfires in the Russian Federation
Monsoonal flooding in Pakistan
Rain-induced landslides in China
Calving of a large iceberg from the Greenland ice sheet
Droughts and fires in Australia
High-temperature days in the eastern the US
Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html
Pakistan Pakistan Floods 2010: Is it related to Climate Change?
Aggravated the Monsoon activity by the la Niña phenomenon in the
Pacific Ocean, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Scientific projections show the association between intense extreme
weather events and global warming, however, longer time investigations
required to establish whether an individual event is attributable to climate
change!
Until the science finds absolute relationship, in the meanwhile, however,
we can protect the globe from carbon-emitting industries!
Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html
Pakistan El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO
A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on
average every 5 years (ranged 3 to 7 years)
Characterized by temperature variations of the surface of the tropical
eastern Pacific Ocean:
Warming phase: El Niño, accompanies high air surface
pressure in the west Pacific
Cooling phase: La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure
in the west Pacific.
Sources: UN/ ISDR, Living with Risk, Geneva, 2004Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_nina
Pakistan Pakistan Floods Forecasting
You can follow the floods treat in Pakistan through Pakistan Meteorology
Organization at:
http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FFD/index_files/fbc.htm
GIS maps of floods affected areas can be found at:
http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FloodMap/Floodwar/floodwar-01.html
Pakistan Response to Pakistan Floods
National and international communities has launched the immediate response to the affected people in Pakistan
However, there are difficulties during disaster responses:
Millions are in need
Inaccessible or hard to reach areas, as the roads are destructed and lands are submerged by floods water
Political relationship affects providing or accepting the relief aids
Donors are concerned whether the funds will reach Taliban instead flood victims
Security issues
Unexploded mines
Pakistan Health Cluster:
the Coordination Mechanism on the Ground
Disasters brings many players to the field.
To maximize the coordination, health partners need to work to jointly assess and analyse information, prioritize the interventions, build an evidence-based strategy and action plan, monitor the health situation and the health sector response, adapt/re-plan as necessary, mobilize resources and advocate for humanitarian health action.
WHO is the leading agency and coordinates the Health Cluster.
Read more about Health Cluster at:http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/about/en/index.html
Pakistan Pakistan Health Needs:
Safe drinking water
Appropriate food
Doctors & nurses
Medicine
Disease surveillance system
Reproductive health
Mental health support
Be alert for the water-borne outbreaks
Please see the Health Cluster report at:
http://www.who.int/hac/crises/pak/sitreps/16august2010/en/index.html
Pakistan Timely and accurate information:
A crucial priority for effective response!
Coordination requires information
Do not stop providing the assistance until you get precise information!
Conduct your assessments and ensure they are followed by an established
information system
Avoid individual assessment , make it efficient by joining the Health Cluster
Public health surveillance can be the basic information system, not only to help
the Health Cluster, but also the other relief provides
Pakistan The most Vulnerable Victims
Ensure all assessments and response
efforts take into consideration
the needs of:
Women at child bearing age
Pregnant women
Children
Elderly
Disables
Pakistan Recovery toward Sustainable Development
The disaster managers need to plan for the long term needs
and quality of life of the affected people
The plan for recovery phase should be launched now!
Pakistan How can we protect ourselves from a flood?
Flood can occur no matter where you live, but especially
low-lying areas and the area near water or downstream
from a dam are the highest risk.
Please see the next slides for FEMA guideline on
protection from floods!
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan Before a Flood
Avoid building in a flood prone area unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding.
Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into the drains of your home.
Contact community officials to find out if they are planning to construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the homes in your area.
Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan During a Flood (1)
If a flood is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or television for information.
Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan During a Flood (2)
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so.
Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving.
Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan Driving Flood Facts
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan After a Flood
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink.
Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan After a Flood
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
What is a Disaster?
• A disaster is a function of the risk process.
• It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of
vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the
potential negative consequences of risk.
What is a Disaster?
Source: UN/ISDR
A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human
activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
Natural Geological Earthquake
Hydro meteorological Flood, Hurricane
Biological Pandemic
Human Induced Environmental degradation Deforestation
Technological Nuclear release
Hazard
Source: UN/ISDR
What is the Vulnerability?
• The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
• Pakistan vulnerability to flood hazard
Vulnerability
Source: UN/ISDR
Risk
• The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses
(deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted
or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between
natural or human-induced hazards & vulnerable conditions.
• Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Readiness
Source: UN/ISDR
30 years continuous evolution in the
practice of Crisis or Disaster Management
Civil defense
Emergency assistance
Disaster response and relief
Humanitarian assistance
Emergency management
Civil protection
Disaster mitigation and prevention
Disaster Risk Management
Strategic shift from managing a
disastrous event to more preventive
and proactive approaches!!
Decades of Experience
Source: UN/ISDR
Disaster Risk Reduction
The conceptual framework of elements considered with the
possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks
throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation
and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the
broad context of sustainable development !
Source: UN/ISDR
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