Pakistan Navy Pakistan Navy

Chief of Naval StaffNoman Bashir

ComponentsPakistan Coast GuardPakistan MarinesSpecial Service Group Navy

Naval BasesIslamabad (NHQ)KarachiGwadarOrmaraPort QasimPasni

InstitutionsPakistan Navy War CollegePakistan Naval AcademyStrategic Institute for Maritime AffairsNational Defence University

History and TraditionsNavy Day is on September 8Military history of Pakistan

Awards, Decorations and BadgesAwards and DecorationsNishan-e-Haider

Pakistan Navy (Urdu: بحریہ better known as Pak Behria is the naval branch of the (پاکmilitary of Pakistan. It is responsible for Pakistan's 1,046 kilometer (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important harbors. It is a modern and highly dependable force that operates a wide range of ships ranging from cruisers to destroyers as well as submarines.[1] Navy day is celebrated on September 8 in commemoration of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Contents 1 History

2 Personnel o 2.1 Naval General Staff o 2.2 List of Naval Chiefs

3 Organization o 3.1 Ranks

4 Training institutions 5 Special Forces 6 The fleet

o 6.1 Submarines o 6.2 Frigates o 6.3 Corvettes & missile boats o 6.4 Aviation o 6.5 Others

7 PN Role in War on Terror 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References

11 External links

HistoryThe birth of the Royal Pakistan Navy came with the creation of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the Royal Indian Navy between both India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two sloops, two frigates, four minesweepers, two naval trawlers, four harbour launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 ratings), and given the high percentage of delta areas on the Pakistan coast the Navy was given a number of Harbour Defence Motor Launches.

At the time of independence, the following Royal Indian Navy officers opted to join the Royal Pakistan Navy. The ranks displayed in this list are their ranks upon retirement from the Navy.

Vice Admiral H.M.S. Choudri (Late) P. No 1 Vice Admiral A.R. Khan (Late) Commodore I.K. Mumtaz Commodore Mahmud-ul-Hasan (Late) P. No 3 Commodore Akhtar Hanif (Late) Commodore Khalid Jamil (Late) Vice Admiral S. M. Ahsan (Late) Vice Admiral Muzaffar Hasan P. No 73 Commodore M.B.A. Awan (Late) P.No 76 Vice Admiral H.H. Ahmed (Late) Commodore Ikram-ul-Haq Malik P. No 102 Lieutenant Commander Maqbool Ahmed Ansari (Late) P. No 137 Admiral Muhammad Shareef, P. No 138

Commodore S B Salimi (Late) Commodore S.M. Anwar (Late) Captain C.S. Ahmed (Late) Commander Sultan Mahmood Malik (Late) P. No 156 Lieutenant Commander Badaruddin Ahmed (Late) Lieutenant Commander Shaikh Abdul Qadir (Late) Lieutenant Commander M.N. Khan (Late)

The Royal Pakistan Navy saw no action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 as all the fighting was restricted to land warfare. In 1956 the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix Royal was dropped and the service was re-designated as the Pakistan Navy, or "PN" for short. The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the Queen's colour and the white ensign respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from Navy, Army, Air force to Army, Navy, Air Force. In February 1956, the British government announced supplying of several major surface combatants to Pakistan. These Warships, a cruiser and four destroyers were purchased with funds made available under the US Military Assistance Program. The acquisition of a few additional warships that is two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers and an oiler (between 1956-63) was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-Communist defence pacts of SEATO and CENTO.

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 the navy was involved in a conflict for the first time. Apart from carrying out a limited bombardment of the coastal town of Dwaraka - codenamed Operation Dwarka, the navy's submarine PNS Ghazi was deployed against Indian Navy's western fleet at Bombay (Mumbai) port [4].

Daphne class submarine Ghazi (S-134)

The Navy's role changed in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the military was caught in the thick of the battle. With East Pakistan having been surrounded on all three sides by the Indian Army, the Navy was under immense pressure to protect the coast. Despite the isolated incident, the sinking of an Indian frigate INS Khukri by the submarine PNS Hangor, the Navy was largely overrun. The major threat from the much dreaded PNS Ghazi - the only long range submarine - was nullified when it was sunk in the Bay of Bengal under unexplained circumstances[2], thus enabling an easy blockade on East Pakistan.[3] The damage inflicted by both Indian Navy and Indian Air Force on Pakistan

Navy stood at seven gunboats, one submarine, one minesweeper, two destroyers, three patrol crafts belonging to the coast guard, 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, with some more crafts damaged, and large scale destruction inflicted on the naval base and Docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships -- Anwar Baksh, Pasni, Madhumathi[4] -- and ten smaller vessels were captured.[5] The total number of personnel losses came to about 1900 and 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in Dhaka(Official Pakistan losses).[6] In contrast the Indian Navy lost 212 personnel, a frigate (another frigate damaged) and a naval plane Breguet Alizé to the Pakistan Air Force (PAF).[6] According to one Pakistan scholar, Tariq Ali, Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.[7] The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy - or the military in general, in East Pakistan. Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to the adversary.

PNS Nazim which previously took part in the Vietnam and Korean wars with the USN

Following the breakup of Pakistan, the Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan. It sought more vessels from France and China. The Pakistan Navy thus became the first navy in South Asia to acquire land based missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.[8] During the 1980s the Pakistan Navy enjoyed un-preceded growth. It doubled its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the Reagan administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from US Navy on a five year lease in 1988. A depot for repairs, EX-USS HECTOR followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989 US President George Bush was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the Pressler’s Amendment was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first Brooke class frigate expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its defense production.[citation needed]

The Atlantique Incident was a major international incident on 10 August 1999 where a Pakistan Navy plane (Breguet Atlantic) with 16 on board was shot down in the border area of the Kutch region with Pakistan and India both claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace by Indian Air Force jets. The wreckage however, fell well within Pakistani territory, giving credence to the Pakistani claim. It resulted in escalated tensions between the two neighboring countries.[citation needed]

The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the tsunami tragedy that struck on December 26, 2004. Pakistan sent vessels to Sri Lanka and the Maldives to help in rescue and relief work.[citation needed]

PersonnelThe Pakistan Navy has around 24,000 active personnel and 5,000 in reserve.[9] The force includes a small Naval Air Arm and the approximately 2,000 member paramilitary Maritime Security Agency, charged primarily with protecting Pakistan's exclusive economic zone(EEZ)[9]. The Navy also comprises the Special Services Group Navy, a marine commando unit as well as a Marine unit, both stationed at Karachi. The SSG(N) and Marines are believed to number around 1,000 in troop strength each. Pakistan Navy recently began inducting women for combat positions apart from the existing administrative posts, becoming one of the few Islamic Republics to do so.[10]

Naval General Staff

Admiral Noman Bashir — Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Vice Admiral Asaf Humayun — Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS) Vice Admiral Saleem Ahmed Meenai — Commander Karachi (COMKAR) Vice Admiral Nayyar Iqbal — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Material) Vice Admiral Mahmood Ahmed Khan — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects) Rear Admiral Bakhtiar Mohsin — Commander Logistics (COMLOG) Rear Admiral Mohammed Shafi — Commander Coast (COMCOAST) Rear Admiral Agha Danish — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) Rear Admiral Shahid Iqbal— Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Training & Personnel) Rear Admiral M Asif Sandila — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK) Rear Admiral Tanveer Faiz — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Operations) Rear Admiral Waqar Siddiq — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Supply) Rear Admiral Abbas Raza - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects-2) Rear Admiral Zaka ullah - Chief Inspector (Navy) Commodore Syed Hasan Mustafa — Commander North (COMNOR)

List of Naval Chiefs

1. Rear Admiral James Wilfred Jefford (August 15, 1947 - January 30, 1953)[11] 2. Vice Admiral Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri (January 31, 1953 - 28 February

1959)[11] 3. Vice Admiral Afzal Rahman Khan (March 1, 1959 - October 20, 1966)[11]

4. Vice Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan (October 20, 1966 - August 31, 1969)[11] 5. Vice Admiral Muzaffar Hassan (September 1, 1969 - December 22, 1971)[11] 6. Vice Admiral Hasan Hafeez Ahmed (March 3, 1972 - March 9, 1975)[11] 7. Admiral Mohammad Sharif (March 23, 1975 - March 21, 1979)[11] 8. Admiral Karamat Rahman Niazi (March 22, 1979 - March 23, 1983)[11] 9. Admiral Tariq Kamal Khan (March 23, 1983 - April 9, 1986)[11] 10. Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey (April 9, 1986 - November 9, 1988)[11] 11. Admiral Yastur-ul-Haq Malik (November 10, 1988 - November 8, 1991)[11] 12. Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan (November 9, 1991 - November 9, 1994)[11] 13. Admiral Mansural Haque (November 10, 1994 - May 1, 1997)[11] 14. Admiral Fasih Bokhari (May 2, 1997 - October 2, 1999)[11] 15. Admiral Abdul Aziz Mirza (October 2, 1999 - October 2, 2002)[11] 16. Admiral Shahid Karimullah (October 3, 2002 - October 6, 2005) 17. Admiral Afzal Tahir (October 7, 2005 - October 7, 2008) 18. Admiral Noman Bashir (October 7, 2008 - present)

OrganizationThe supreme commander of the Navy is the Chief of the Naval Staff. Admiral Noman Bashir is the current Chief of the Navy.

The navy has six commands:

COMKAR(Commander Karachi) - Looks after the shore establishments of the Navy which provide services and traning falilities for the PN. He also looks after the protocol at Karachi. His responsibilities also include harbour defence.

COMPAK(Commander Pakistan Fleet) - The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. Infact this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimentional components.

COMCOAST(Commander COAST) - The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.

COMLOG(Commander Logistics) - This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.

FOST(FLAG OFFICER SEA TRAINING) Conducts all types of operational training at Sea

COMNOR(Commander North) - Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan;

The naval bases along the coast are Ormara, Pasni, Gwadar and Jiwani.

Ranks

PN Officer RanksRank Admiral(

Adm)Vice Admi

Rear Admi

Commodore

Captain

Commander

Lieutenant

Lieutenant

Sub Lieute

Midshipman

ral ral Commander nant

Uniform insignia

PN Sailor Ranks

Rank Master Chief Petty Officer

Fleet Chief Petty Officer

Chief Petty Officer

Petty Officer

Leading Seaman

Uniform insignia

Training institutions

Pakistani navy Commodore Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, Feb. 25, 2008.

Pakistan Navy has an academy of its own called the Pakistan Naval Academy, it is the home of initial training of officers of Pakistan Navy. The academy also has provided basic training to the officers of Allied Navies. The Chief of Naval Staff of Qatar Emiri Navy and many high ranking officers of Royal Saudi Navy as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the PNA. The academy is a full fledged training institution catering to the needs to Pakistani junior Naval officers. The Navy also has its own navy

war college called the Pakistan Navy War College [5] specializing in imparting Naval Warfare techniques to officers of the Pakistan marine forces.

Other worthwhile training institutions are:

PNS Bahadur: conducts specialist courses.

PNS Himalaya: for basic training of sailors.

PNS Karsaz: It is the Largest and the most organized technical training Establishment of Pakistan Navy. The establishment has the previlige to host many heads of states since its commissioning. It is considered the mother unit of PNS MEHRAN, PNS JAUHAR, PNS BAHADUR, ASD and other PN units in that area. The unit celebrated its golden gubilee in 2003 under the command of Cdre M B Chaudhry.

PNS Jauhar: for technical training of officers.

PNS Jauhar has been absorbed by the National University of Sciences and Technology and has become its constituent Pakistan Navy Engineering College, where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering.

Special Forces

A member of Pakistan Navy Special Service Group is silhouetted by the setting sun aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur (D 182) while under way in the Arabian Sea Nov. 25, 2007.

Main article: Special Services Group Navy

Special Service Group Navy (SSGN) is an independent commando division of the Pakistan Navy. It is an elite special operations force similar to the Royal Navy's Special Boat Service and United States Navy SEALS. Official numbers place the strength between 700 to 1,000, in 1 Company; however the actual strength is classified.

The fleet

PNS Babur

PNS Shahjahan

Z-9C

Ships with respect to their classes[12][13][14][15]

1 USS McInerney (FFG-8) (August 2010)[16] 4 Chinese F-22P frigates

o 251 PNS Zulifqar (launched) o 252 PNS Shamsheer (launched) o 253 PNS Saif (underconstruction)

6 Ex-UK Type 21 Frigates o F181 PNS Tariq1975/93 Ex-Ambuscade o F182 PNS Babur 1974/93 Ex-Amazon o F183 PNS Khaibar1976/94 Ex-Arrow o F184 PNS Badr 1977/94 Ex-Alacrity o F185 PNS Shah Jahan1977/94 Ex-Active o F186 PNS Tippu Sultan1978/94 Ex-Avenger

3 French Eridan Class Mine Hunter vessels o M166 Munsif 1989/95 Ex-Sagittaire o M167 Muhafiz 1996 o M168 Mahmood 1997

4+ Jalalat Class Missile Boats o P1023 Jurrat 2006 o P1028 Quwwat 2006 o P1022 Jalalat 1997 o P1024 Shujaat 1999 o P1029 ? ? o P1030 ? ?

2 Shanghai II Class Patrol GunBoats o P145 Pishin 1972 o P149 Bahawalpur 1976

1 Town Class Patrol GunBoat o P140 Rajshahi 1966

2 MRTP 15 Fast Patrol Boats o P01 ? 2004 o P02 ? 2004

1 Fuqing Class AOR o A47 Nasr 1987

1 Poolster Class AOR o A20 Moawin 1964/94 Ex-Poolster

2 Coastal Tankers o A49 Gwadar 1984 o A21 Kalmat 1991

4 Griffon Ambhibious Assault Ships 1 Hydrographic Survey Vessel, SV Behr Paima

o -- Behr Paima 1982 1 Ex-UK Leander Class Training vessel[17]

o F262 Zulfiquar 1972/88 Ex-Apollo

Likely Inactive:

? Sabqat (Huangfeng) Class Missile Boats o P1025 Azmat 1984 o P1026 Deshat 1984 o P1027 Himmat 1984

? Hegu Class Missile Boats o P1021 Haibat 1981

1 Larkana Class Patrol Gunboat o P157 Larkana 1994

Name Pennant Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status

Amazon F169Vosper Thornycroft, Woolston

1969-11-06

1971-04-26 1974-05-11 To Pakistan as

Babur

Active F171 Vosper Thornycroft

1971-07-23

1972-11-23 1977-06-17 To Pakistan as

Shah Jahan

Ambuscade F172Yarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun

1971-09-01

1973-01-18 1977-06-17 To Pakistan as

Tariq

Arrow F173 YSL 1972-09-28

1974-02-05 1976-07-29 To Pakistan as

Khaibar

Alacrity F174 YSL 1973-03-05

1974-09-18 1977-07-02 To Pakistan as

Badr

Avenger F185 YSL 1974-10-30

1975-11-20 1978-04-15 To Pakistan as

Tippu Sultan

Submarines

A total of five active diesel electric submarines plus 3 midget submarines, MG110 are in the Naval inventory.[18] These include:

Agosta-90B

P-3AEW&C 3 Agosta-90B class (PNS/M Khalid, PNS/M Saad & PNS/M Hamza) 2 Agosta 70 class (PNS/M Hashmat & PNS/M Hurmat) 4 (Decommissioned) Daphne class (PNS/M Hangor, PNS/M Ghazi 2, PNS/M

Mangro & PNS/M Shushuk)

All of the Pakistani SSKs have been equipped with AshMs which can be fired while submerged. The three Khalid class boats are capable of firing Exocet AshM, while the older Agostas and Daphnes have been equipped with US Harpoon AshMs. PNS/M Hamza (third Agosta-90B) is equipped with the MESMA Air Independent Propulsion system, PNS/M Khalid and PNS/M Saad will be upgraded with the same MESMA AIP system in the near future. The Pakistan Navy also plans to integrate the Boeing Harpoon Block II on to its Agosta-90Bs; and currently the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing Blackshark torpedoes.

In mid-2006 the Pakistan Navy announced its requirement of three new SSK attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its fleet - after retiring the four Daphne Class. French naval firm DCN offered its latest export design - the Marlin SSK - which is based on the Scorpene SSK, but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine. The German firm HDW offered the U-214 SSK. The News, a Pakistani newspaper, has reported that PN officials have entered into negotiations with Germany for the possible acquisition of U-214 submarines. As of April 2007 the PN announced that it will procure four new submarines to replace the

decommissioned Daphne Class; the TKMS U214 and DCN Marlin as well as Scorpene are the main contenders.

Pakistan is also seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM). The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.

Frigates

PNS Badr (F184) steams alongside USS Tarawa (LHA-1) in November of 2005

The Navy's six frigates include six ex-British Amazon class (PNS Babur) ships. These are expected to retire between 2010 and 2020.

F-22P Model

Breguet Atlantique

Westland Lynx

In 2005 Pakistan ordered four F-22P light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.[19] The first is expected to be commissioned 2009 and the remainder by 2013.[19] One of the F-22Ps will be built in the Karachi Shipyard. The F-22Ps also have the ability to embark Harbin Z-9 helicopters on deck.[19] The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, it has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.[19] The first F-22P is called PNS Zulfiqar, and thus the F-22Ps will be called Zulfiqar Class.

According to Janes the Pakistan Navy is expected to place a formal request to the U.S. for six Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates to augment its surface fleet. These may replace the Type-21s and act as stop-gaps until new-built frigates and corvettes are commissioned. The weapons and systems on the PN FFG-7 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 Vertical Launch System for the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM) as well as Mk 32 torpedo tubes for Mk 46 Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate USS McInerney (FFG-8) with considerable anti-submarine warfare capability will be handed over in August 2010.[16]

According to Janes' IDEAS2004 interview with former Pakistan Navy Chief ex-Admiral Karimullah at least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy. The new frigate will be larger and superior to the F-22P; it will likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability; and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Kanwa recently reported that the Pakistan Navy has shown recent interest in the Chinese Type 054A frigate. Another potential option could be the TKMS MEKO A-200 frigate.[citation needed]

Corvettes & missile boats

A Pakistan Navy hover boat

The Pakistan Navy operates four Jalalat class 200 ton missile boats each armed with four Chinese C-802 anti-ship missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design. In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of Turkey.[20] The first will be delivered in 2008. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

Aviation

Currently the PN Aviation Force consists of:

3 Westland Lynx - anti-ship/anti-submarine/transport helicopters 6 Westland Sea King Mk45 - transport helicopters 18 Harbin Z-9EC - helicopters 8 Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III - transport/anti-ship helicopters 4 Lockheed P-3C Orion - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare

aircraft/airborne early warning (6 more to be delivered) 5 Fokker F27-200 Friendship - maritime surveillance aircraft 2-3 Breguet Atlantique I - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft 12+ Dassault Mirage V - anti-ship fighter aircraft (operated by the Pakistan Air

Force)

Future acquisitions include:

At least six new helicopters to replace the Westland Sea King Mk45. At least eight new helicopters to replace the Aerospatiale SA-319B Alouette III Induction of one fighter squadron by 2009.

Others

The Pakistan Navy has one Poolster Class AOR and one Fuqing Class AOR auxiliary tankers as well as two Gwadar class coastal tankers. Three Eridan Class mine hunters are also in service with the PN; plans for additional mine hunters are underway.[citation needed]

The Navy plans to procure a single replenishment tanker as well as up to two mine countermeasure vessels.[citation needed]

PN Role in War on Terror

Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman

The Pakistani Navy plays an active role in the multinational Combined Task Force 150. [21] The command of the force was give to Pakistan from March 24, 2006 till February 25, 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.[22] Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being PNS Tariq.[23]

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Chief of Staff · Sherdils · PAF Museum · Aeronautical Complex · Institute of Aviation Technology · Schools and colleges

  Navy

War College · Special Service Group · PNS Ghazi · Engineering College · Academy · PNS Hangor · School of Logistics and Management · Strategic Institute for Maritime Affairs · P.N.S. Shifa · P.N.S. Rahat · PNS Behr Paima · Marines

Wars and conflicts Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 / 1965 / 1971 · Bangladesh Liberation War · Kargil War · War in North-West Pakistan

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