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Chapter 7 – Making Decisions About Drug and Alcohol Use

Multiple Choice

1. Drugs affect the central nervous system byA) eliminating the production of neurotransmitters.B) destroying a neuron’s dendrite.C) destroying the synaptic junction.D) blocking the production or forcing the continued release of neurotransmitters.

Answer: DPage: 160

2. A characteristic of the final stage of the addiction process is performing the addictive behavior in order toA) escape from reality.B) feel better about oneself.C) avoid withdrawal symptoms.D) experience its euphoric effects.

Answer: CPage: 160

3. Which of the following is NOT part of the process of addiction?A) settingB) compulsionC) loss of controlD) exposure

Answer: APages: 159-160

4. Which of the following BEST illustrates codependence?A) protecting an addicted son or daughter from criticism by ignoring the problemB) placing a son or daughter in a treatment program because he or she has an addictionC) supporting an addicted son or daughter’s efforts to conquer the addictionD) being economically dependent upon one who has an addiction

Answer: APages: 160

5. Which of the following conditions shows MOST clearly that Lise is a codependent in her husband’s alcoholism? SheA) feels helpless to change him.B) will not force him to seek treatment.C) drinks more than she feels she should.D) will make excuses for her husband’s drinking behavior.

Answer: DPage: 160

6. A drug is any substance (other than food) thatA) produces euphoric or anesthetic effects in animals.B) alters structure or function in living organisms.C) has a negative physiological effect in animals.

D) is known to be harmful to living tissues.

Answer: BPage: 158

7. Drugs that change the user’s feelings, perceptions, or moods are calledA) reactive.B) physiopathic.C) psychoactive.D) corticostimulating.

Answer: CPage: 158

8. Which of the following is FALSE regarding psychoactive drugs? TheyA) are used for medical reasons.B) are found in over-the-counter substances.C) only depress the central nervous system.D) have a strong potential for the development for dependence.

Answer: CPage: 158

9. Which of the following BEST illustrates a drug tolerance reaction?A) Fred gets sick if he drinks more than twelve beers.B) Fred becomes intoxicated after drinking two beers.C) Felicia cannot drink alcohol because even small amounts make her sick.D) Felicia used to get dizzy when she drank a glass of wine, but she no longer does.

Answer: DPage: 162

10. The unpleasant effects of drug withdrawal are caused byA) the body’s attempt to regain homeostasis after developing a physical dependence on the

drug.B) toxins released from storage sites in fatty tissues as the level of drug in the bloodstream

drops.C) a kickback effect as the immune system tries to remove all traces of the drug from

tissues.D) psychological dependence on the drug which causes a physical reaction.

Answer: APage: 162

11. Cross-tolerance occurs whenA) tolerance to a drug crosses the line into addiction.B) tolerance for one drug affects tolerance for another.C) the combination of two drugs drastically reduces tolerance for both.D) introduction of a new drug changes tolerance to a drug in current use.

Answer: BPage: 162

12. Every day after work, Leon has a couple of drinks to help him relax even though it upsets his stomach. This illustrates that he

A) loves to drink.B) is addicted to alcohol.C) has a high tolerance for alcohol.D) is psychologically dependent on alcohol.

Answer: DPage: 162

13. Another word that means psychological dependency isA) addiction.B) toleranceC) habituation.D) cross-tolerance

Answer: CPage: 162

14. Which of the following BEST illustrates drug misuse, as opposed to drug abuse?A) taking twice the recommended dosage of an over-the-counter painkiller for a toothacheB) continuing to drink heavily after a doctor has warned you that it is damaging your liverC) taking a drug to prevent withdrawal symptomsD) becoming addicted to prescription painkillers

Answer: APage: 161

15. When does drug misuse MOST clearly cross the line into drug abuse?A) when you take a prescription drug to keep from getting sickB) when you take larger doses than the prescription calls forC) when you continue use despite negative effects on healthD) when you acquire the drug without a prescription

Answer: CPage: 161

16. Both of Ron’s parents abused drugs, and he fears that he will inherit that behavior. What can you tell him about the role of heredity in substance abuse?A) Genetic factors in substance abuse are strong in men, but weaker in women because of

the influence of socialization on women.B) Genetic factors have been found to play a role in the development of alcoholism, but are

less conclusive for other substances.C) Genetic engineering techniques now exist that can reduce the influence of many inherited

behaviors.D) Genetic engineering has identified many inherited tendencies he will be unable to change.

Answer: BPages: 160, 178

17. Brad is MOST vulnerable to abusing drugs ifA) his friends do it.B) he watches movies featuring it.C) his parents are strict religious fundamentalists.D) his school has no effective drug prevention program.

Answer: A

Page: 160

18. The highest rate of drug abuse in the United States occurs among people of agesA) 12 to 17.B) 18 to 25.C) 35 to 59.D) 60 and over.

Answer: BPage: 158

19. A gateway drug is a drug thatA) often leads to the abuse of heavier drugs.B) is usually available over the counter.C) is glamorized by the media.D) cannot be addictive.

Answer: APage: 181

20. Of the following, the clearest example of a gateway drug influence isA) partygoers turning to hard liquor when the beer runs low.B) an alcoholic sniffing glue when he has no money for alcohol.C) LSD use branching into hallucinogenic mushrooms and cactus buttons.D) youngsters’ cigarette smoking leading the way into marijuana smoking.

Answer: DPage: 181

21. When two or more drugs are taken and the result is merely a combined total effect of each drug, the result is a(n) ________________ effect.A) synergisticB) additiveC) stimulatingD) antagonistic

Answer: BPage: 171

22. Which of the following BEST describes a synergistic effect of two drugs taken together? The effect of theA) drugs is the sum of the effects of each.B) first drug is to make the second more potent.C) second drug is to reduce the effect of the first.D) two drugs combined is greater than the effects of each taken alone.

Answer: DPage: 171

23. Which of the following BEST illustrates a synergistic drug effect?A) taking several drinks after a dose of your antianxiety drug suddenly causes severe

respiratory depressionB) taking benzodiazepines to make your alcohol withdrawal symptoms less severeC) receiving a shot of naltrexone to stop the psychoactive effects of heroinD) taking Antabuse to make you sick after you have had several alcoholic drinks

Answer: APage: 171

24. When a doctor administers another drug to a victim of a drug overdose, it is probably one thatA) has a potentiated effect on the drug that the victim took.B) has an antagonistic effect on the drug that the victim took.C) lowers the basal metabolic rate to protect the victim from heart failure.D) will enable the victim to relax until the effects of the overdose are past.

Answer: BPage: 171

25. A potentiated effect isA) when one drug reduces the effect of the other drug.B) an exaggerated effect produced by two or more drugs in the same category.C) when the use of one drug intensifies the effect of the second drug.D) when the use of a drug causes the user to do similar drugs in that category.

Answer: CPage: 171

26. Cocaine, caffeine, and amphetamines are allA) narcotics.B) stimulants.C) hallucinogens.D) physically addictive.

Answer: BPage: 163

27. Halle drinks three cups of strong coffee per day. Based on what researchers know now, what risks does she face and what should she do?A) She faces an elevated long-term risk of stomach ulcers and should drink coffee only

occasionally.B) She is slightly increasing her cancer risk and should cut back to no more than two cups

per day.C) She is increasing her risk of chronic hypertension and should switch to decaffeinated

coffee.D) No significant risks; she only needs to cut back if she becomes pregnant.

Answer: DPage: 164

28. Which of the following is FALSE regarding caffeine?A) It is found in several over-the-counter drugs.B) Chronic users show evidence of tolerance and withdrawal.C) There is strong research linking consumption to coronary heart disease.D) It is a tasteless drug that in moderate amounts is relatively harmless to the CNS.

Answer: CPage: 164

29. A drug commonly prescribed to hyperactive children that is sometimes abused isA) Ritalin.

B) diazepam.C) Rohypnol.D) methaqualone.

Answer: APage: 166

30. Crystal methamphetamine isA) a relatively harmless form of methamphetamine used to help people stay awake.B) a medical treatment used for obesity and attention deficit hyperactive disorder.C) a pure form of methamphetamine that produces intense physical and psychological

exhilaration.D) perhaps the strongest of the stimulant drugs.

Answer: CPage: 165

31. The addictive effects of cocaine areA) life-threatening if a sudden withdrawal from the drug is attempted.B) slow to develop, except for intravenous users.C) only psychological, but very powerful.D) both psychological and physical.

Answer: DPage: 166

32. The combination of cocaine hydrochloride with common baking soda is calledA) crack.B) angel dust.C) freebasing.D) speedballing.

Answer: APage: 166

33. One of the biggest dangers of crack use isA) leukemia.B) flashbacks.C) a “bad trip.”D) heart failure.

Answer: DPage: 163 (Table 7.1)

34. Freebasing isA) another term for making crack cocaine.B) dissolving cocaine in a liquid in order to inject it.C) a method of using solvents to concentrate cocaine.D) a term that describes smoking any type of cocaine.

Answer: CPage: 166

35. Drugs that induce sleep and are often used in anesthesia are calledA) hallucinogens.

B) barbiturates.C) tranquilizers.D) inhalants.

Answer: BPage: 167

36. Tranquilizers and barbiturates fit into which drug category?A) opiatesB) stimulantsC) depressantsD) hallucinogens

Answer: CPage: 167

37. All of the following are names for the “date rape” drug EXCEPTA) GHB.B) roofiesC) liquid ecstasy.D) Sleepy R.

Answer: DPage: 167

38. If your doctor prescribes a tranquilizer for you, her intention for the drug is to help you toA) relax.B) sleep.C) manage pain.D) recover from an injury.

Answer: APage: 167

39. Heavy use of hallucinogens is known to occasionally produceA) reproductive disorders.B) digestive disorders.C) flashbacks.D) cancers.

Answer: CPage: 168

40. LSD is typically manufactured inA) home laboratories.B) rural South American villages.C) large offshore drug laboratories.D) Asian countries where its production is not illegal.

Answer: APage: 168

41. The effects of LSD last aboutA) a half hour.B) two to three hours.

C) four to five hours.D) six to nine hours.

Answer: DPage: 168

42. The main difference between designer drugs and drugs on the FDA’s list of controlled substances isA) their cost.B) their legal status.C) their effectiveness.D) the methods used to make them.

Answer: BPage: 168

43. Designer drugs areA) chemically and psychoactively similar to controlled substances, but different enough to

escape legal restrictions.B) prescription drugs that are combined with other substances for unique psychoactive

effects.C) over-the-counter drugs that look like controlled substances.D) legal, over-the-counter medications that are misused.

Answer: APage: 168

44. Continued use of Ecstasy can result inA) possible dependence and brain damage.B) bizarre, irrational behavioral influences.C) a multiplied risk of heart attack or stroke.D) coma and death from respiratory depression.

Answer: APages: 168-169

45. One of the unique dangers of PCP is thatA) it is both physically and psychologically addictive.B) users lose complete touch with reality.C) users often attack those around them.D) it can cause birth defects.

Answer: CPage: 169

46. The strength of marijuana’s hallucinogenic effects is determined by the amount of ___________ it contains.A) cannabisB) hashishC) opiumD) THC

Answer: DPage: 169

47. One of the common effects of marijuana use isA) bizarre perceptions.B) reduced attention span.C) imperviousness to pain.D) complete loss of touch with reality.

Answer: BPages: 169-170

48. Which of the following is FALSE regarding marijuana use?A) Marijuana use is associated with damage to the immune and reproductive systems.B) Those who use marijuana report cravings for particular foods.C) Marijuana use has the potential to impair short-term memory.D) The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, can be detected up to 90 days after use.

Answer: DPages: 169-170

49. Psychoactive drugs derived from the poppy plant are naturalA) hallucinogens.B) tranquilizers.C) depressants.D) narcotics.

Answer: DPage: 170

50. Which of the following is considered a quasisynthetic narcotic?A) heroinB) opiumC) morphineD) hashish

Answer: APage: 170

51. A characteristic of major concern when using narcotics isA) the risk of sudden death.B) complete loss of touch with reality.C) the rapid development of physical dependence.D) their acceptance as relatively harmless painkillers.

Answer: CPage: 170

52. The greatest danger in the use of inhalants isA) birth defects.B) respiratory and cardiovascular damage.C) physical dependence.D) immune system dysfunction.

Answer: BPage: 171

53. Which of the following is NOT included in class of drugs known as inhalants?

A) chloroformB) nitrous oxideC) propoxypheneD) amyl nitrite

Answer: CPage: 171

54. John uses marijuana on a regular basis, but stopped a few days ago because he knows he will be tested for drugs as part of his job new. What can you tell John about his company’s drug screening test and its ability to detect marijuana?A) Marijuana can be detected up to 30 days after its use.B) Most traces of marijuana will be gone within a few days.C) Marijuana is one of the drugs most employers do not test for.D) Marijuana can be detected up to six months after its use.

Answer: APage: 183

55. Drug tests commonly search for all of the following EXCEPTA) barbiturates.B) hallucinogens.C) opiates.D) cannabinoids.


56. One recently developed approach to convincing drug-dependent people to enter a treatment program isA) character assassination.B) avoidance.C) confrontation.D) chastisement.

Answer: CPage: 184

57. According to your authors, what percentage of college students are drinkers?A) less than 25percentB) less than 80 percentC) over 80 percentD) between 85 and 95 percent

Answer: BPage: 176

58. Binge drinking is defined asA) drinking to twice the level of legal intoxication.B) consuming three or more drinks in a two-hour period.C) drinking five or more drinks in one drinking occasion.D) consuming any number of drinks that brings you to legal intoxication.

Answer: CPage: 177

59. During the week, Alicia studies hard, works out regularly, eats well, and gets plenty of sleep. She only drinks once or twice a week, at weekend parties, where she typically has five or six drinks each time. What kind of drinker is she?A) infrequentB) lightC) moderateD) heavy

Answer: DPage: 176

60. Moderate drinking for men is defined as no more than _________ drinks each day.A) sixB) threeC) fourD) two

Answer: DPage: 172

61. Which of the following is FALSE regarding binge drinking?A) There appears to be data that suggest many people begin binge drinking in college.B) Lower academic performance is highly associated with binge drinking.C) A strong predictor for binge drinking is living in a sorority or fraternity.D) Physical violence, including rape, is highly related with binge drinking.

Answer: APage: 177

62. The main problem with drinking games is that they encourageA) sexual assault.B) binge drinking.C) mixing alcoholic beverages.D) a loosening of sexual restraints.

Answer: BPage: 177

63. Your friends challenge you to join in a drinking game. If you join in, it is MOST likely that you willA) put yourself at risk for injury and legal problems.B) find drinking games rather addicting.C) forget your other obligations.D) become physically sick.

Answer: APage: 177

64. It is possible for someone who has acute alcohol intoxication to have all of the following problems occur EXCEPTA) shock.B) tongue falling backwards and obstructing the airway.C) death.D) anxiety.

Answer: DPage: 175

65. Where does the alcohol in beer and wine come from? It isA) a byproduct of yeast acting on carbohydrates.B) added during the final stage of production.C) emitted when the fruits or grains decay.D) a waste product of anaerobic bacteria.

Answer: APage: 172

66. A bottle of 90 proof whiskey is what percentage alcohol by volume?A) 9B) 30C) 45D) 90

Answer: CPage: 172

67. Of the following groups, who has the highest drinking rate?A) American IndiansB) CaucasiansC) Alaskan NativesD) African Americans

Answer: BPage: 176

68. As a class of drug, alcohol is considered aA) hallucinogen.B) depressant.C) stimulant.D) narcotic.

Answer: BPage: 172

69. Jenna, a 150-pound woman, has challenged Tom, a 150-pound man, to a drinking contest. Jenna will probably become more intoxicated becauseA) her body will absorb the alcohol faster.B) women can’t hold liquor as well as men can.C) women tend to have smaller stomachs than same-sized men do.D) men tend to develop more tolerance for alcohol than women do.

Answer: APage: 173

70. Why does eating a meal before drinking reduce the effects of alcohol?A) A full stomach reduces the drinker’s capacity for alcohol.B) Some alcohol bonds to carbohydrate molecules in food, rendering the alcohol inert.C) Food substances oxidize some of the alcohol before it is absorbed into the bloodstream.

D) Food competes with the alcohol for absorption into the bloodstream slowing the rate at which alcohol is absorbed.

Answer: DPage: 172

71. All of the following factors influence the absorption of alcohol. Which one CANNOT be modified by the user?A) strength of the beverageB) body chemistryC) speed of consumptionD) presence of food


72. Most of the alcohol that you drink is removed from your body by the process ofA) respiration.B) defecation.C) oxidation.D) urination.

Answer: CPage: 175

73. Jamie has become very drunk at a party. What can his friends do to help him walk home?A) Give him something to eat.B) Make him take a cool shower.C) Give him caffeinated beverages.D) Wait for the effects of the alcohol to wear off.

Answer: DPage: 175

74. Corey has passed out on the couch after participating in a drinking contest. His friends cannot wake him. What should they do?A) Seek emergency medical help.B) Remove him to a safe place to sleep.C) Do not attempt to move him until he wakes.D) Help him to regurgitate the alcohol still in his stomach.

Answer: APage: 175

75. Acute alcohol intoxication should be suspected in an individual if hisA) speech and motor coordination is impaired.B) pulse is rather strong and rapid.C) breathing is deep and regular.D) skin is clammy and bluish.

Answer: DPage: 175

76. You suspect your unconscious friend has acute alcohol intoxication. After you call 911, you should

A) try to get him into a shower.B) sit by your friend until help comes.C) position your friend on his side.D) try to give him something to drink, like coffee.

Answer: CPage: 175

77. Which of the following characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome?A) children born addicted to alcoholB) children born with detectable levels of alcohol in their bloodC) newborn children who are unable to move their arms or legsD) children born with congenital damage attributable to the mother’s use of alcohol

Answer: DPage: 178

78. Which of the following BEST describes the connection between drinking and common types of fatal accidents in the United States?A) Accidental deaths are caused by alcohol abuse.B) An alcohol-related car crash fatality occurs every two minutes.C) Alcohol abusers are twice as likely to kill as to be killed in accidents.D) There is s a strong statistical connection between alcohol use and the leading causes of

accidental deaths in the United States.

Answer: DPage: 180

79. The purpose of zero-tolerance laws is toA) discourage driving by underage drinkers.B) stiffen penalties for second-time drunken drivers.C) permanently restrict privileges for anyone convicted of drunken driving.D) discourage people from driving if they have drunk any quantity of alcohol.

Answer: APage: 180

80. Which of the following is TRUE regarding alcohol and violent crimes?A) People who commit violent crimes have the same alcohol problems as the general public.B) Alcohol use has not been connected to the incidents of violent crimes in the United

States.C) Alcohol use has been reported in more than 50 percent of all homicides.D) Alcohol use is associated with less than 10 percent of all rape situations.

Answer: CPage: 180

81. Which of the following is FALSE regarding alcohol use and suicides? Alcohol use isA) involved with 30 percent of completed suicides.B) associated with impulsive suicides.C) involved with more violent and lethal means of suicide.D) associated with premeditated suicides.

Answer: DPage: 180

82. Which of the following is one way in which problem drinking differs from alcoholism?A) Problem drinking has a major impact on the lives of others close to the drinker.B) The problem drinker sometimes has blackouts from drinking.C) The problem drinker does not drink to maintain normal body function.D) The problem drinker usually drinks alone.

Answer: CPage: 178

83. Problem drinking is characterized byA) tolerance symptoms when alcohol is taken away.B) dependence on alcohol to function normally.C) personal difficulties from alcohol use.D) daily drinking habits.

Answer: CPage: 178

84. An inability to remember events that occurred during a period of alcohol use is called aA) stupor.B) blackout.C) dream state.D) delirium tremens.

Answer: BPage: 222

85. Alcoholics drinkA) for the pleasurable effects of alcohol.B) because they have been taught to do so by family and friends.C) so that they can find social acceptability within certain groups of people.D) to escape the stress and pain in their lives.

Answer: DPage: 178

86. Jose has uncontrollable shakes, nausea, and vomiting when he does not drink. He would be classified as A) a problem drinker.B) a situational drinker.C) alcohol dependent.D) a binge drinker.

Answer: CPage: 178

87. Which of the following statements about heredity and alcoholism is TRUE?A) Hereditary factors can either increase or decrease people’s risk of becoming an alcoholic.B) In rare cases, hereditary factors can make someone alcoholic from birth.C) Alcoholism is caused entirely by heredity.D) There is no proven link between heredity and alcoholism.

Answer: APage: 173

88. Seventy-five-year-old Bernice is angry at her children, who recently forced her to seek treatment for her alcoholism. Her treatment will not succeed until she admits thatA) alcohol is dangerous.B) her children love her.C) she can no longer live alone.D) she is powerless over alcohol.

Answer: DPage: 184

89. The best description of enabling is any behavior thatA) protects the alcoholic from discovery by those not close to him.B) supports the alcoholic to continue abusing alcohol.C) denies that the alcoholic has a problem.D) encourages the alcoholic to drink.

Answer: BPage: 160

90. Neda has a drinking problem and tells herself she can stop whenever she wants. Her attempts to convince herself that she does not have a problem with alcohol is termedA) enabling.B) synergy.C) transference.D) denial.

Answer: DPages: 178, 184

91. The term that describes the relationship between alcoholics and their enablers isA) denial.B) synergism.C) dual addiction.D) codependence.

Answer: DPage: 160

92. Which of the following is FALSE regarding Alcoholics Anonymous?A) It is a voluntary support group of recovering alcoholics.B) It encourages its members to turn their lives over to a higher power.C) It will support anyone with a problem caused by alcohol.D) It encourages a judgmental approach as a way of helping others see their behaviors.

Answer: DPage: 184

93. Alcoholics Anonymous and Rational Recovery are examples ofA) support groups for alcoholics or their families.B) ineffective treatment strategies for alcoholism.C) religious therapies for alcoholics.D) alcoholism treatment programs.

Answer: A

Pages: 173, 184

94. Naltrexone isA) a depressant used in the treatment of delirium tremens for recovering alcoholics.B) a prescription drug that makes people sick when they drink alcohol.C) a prescription drug that reduces the craving for alcohol.D) an enzyme that helps the body to metabolize alcohol.

Answer: CPage: 183

True/False

95. The best way to avoid the immense cost of drug abuse is simply to increase the demand.

Answer: FalsePage: 181

96. Most addictions, whether to drugs or to other behaviors, develop in the same basic pattern.

Answer: TruePages: 159-160

97. Psychoactive drugs have the potential for only physical dependence.

Answer: FalsePages: 161-162

98. Tolerance is when an individual needs a larger dose of a drug to receive previously felt sensations.

Answer: TruePage: 162

99. Dependence is one of the major risks of all psychoactive drugs.


100. The term drug abuse cannot be applied to improper use of a drug for which you have a prescription.


101. There is some connection between personality and susceptibility to drug abuse.


102. A synergistic effect occurs when two or more drugs taken together reduce each other’s effects.


103. Most stimulants are unlikely to produce strong physical dependence.


104. Caffeine, even in moderate amounts, has been proven to cause heart damage.


105. Caffeine is capable of inducing physical dependence.


106. There is no natural source for amphetamines.


107. Chronic use of methamphetamine will not produce psychological dependence.


108. Cocaine is perhaps the weakest of the stimulant drugs.


109. The effect of smoking crack is almost instantaneous.


110. Barbiturates and tranquilizers are two common types of depressants.


111. In medical use, barbiturates are designed to relax the patient, while tranquilizers are designed to induce sleep.


112. The hallucinogen LSD is a derivative of mescaline.


113. LSD users do not develop a physical dependence on the drug.

Answer: True

Page: 168

114. PCP use is marked by paranoia and aggressive behavior.


115. PCP is typically manufactured in home laboratories.


116. Marijuana produces mild effects like those of stimulants and depressants.


117. Marijuana’s active ingredient is excreted from the body in a few hours.


118. Quasisynthetic narcotics are created by chemically altering morphine.


119. Unlike the dependency that can be produced by drugs, process addictions do not generally cause financial, emotional, or social problems.


120. Drinking alcohol reduces most people’s natural inhibitions.

Answer: TruePages: 163, 172, 174, 176, 177

121. A bottle of 90 proof whisky is 45 percent alcohol.


122. Your peak blood alcohol level can be five times higher on an empty stomach than it is on a full stomach.


123. Women generally become drunk more quickly than men.


124. The speed of consumption has little, if any, effect on blood alcohol concentration.


125. One way your body protects itself from alcohol poisoning is to cause you to vomit when you drink too much.


126. Alcohol consumed by a pregnant woman cannot cross the placental barrier to affect the fetus.


127. A sign that someone has alcohol poisoning is a weak and rapid pulse.


128. Motor vehicle collisions, falls, drownings, and fires are connected to alcohol use.


129. Alcohol is a factor in over half of all cases of murder and rape.


130. Although alcohol abuse appears to increase the likelihood of murder, it does not appear to increase the likelihood of suicide.


131. A so-called problem drinker has many of the same troubles that alcoholics have without the physical dependency.


132. Delirium tremens occur when an alcoholic does not drink.


133. One way to slow the absorption of alcohol into the blood stream is to eat a full meal before drinking.


134. About half of all Far East Asians cannot tolerate even small amounts of alcohol.


135. Research indicates that there is no link between heredity and alcoholism.


136. Denial is common among alcoholics.


137. Enabling occurs when people close to the alcoholic inadvertently protect the drinking behavior.


138. Codependence and enabling seldom occur together.


139. Medical treatments for alcoholism focus on reducing the craving for alcohol.


Essay

140. Compare the similarities and differences between drug abuse and drug misuse.

Answer: Both refer to the inappropriate use of drugs, and both can be damaging to health. Misuse, however, refers to inappropriate medicinal use of a legal drug, while abuse refers to any use of any drug in a way that damages health.

Page: 161

141. Describe the impact of psychoactive drugs on nervous system function.

Answer: Environmental stimuli are collected by various receptors, converted to electrical impulses, and conducted to the brain through nerves. The electrical impulses are transmitted between nerve cells by the activity of chemical neurotransmitters. Psychoactive drugs disrupt the activity of these neurotransmitters.

Pages: 161-162

142. Describe the process of addiction.

Answer: Addictive behavior seems to have three common aspects that include:

1) exposure whereby an individual is exposed to a drug or behavior that he or she finds pleasurable. The initial pleasure becomes a focal point in their lives.

2) compulsion that occurs when increasingly more energy, time, and money are spent pursuing the drug or behavior. During this aspect, an individual’s “normal” life begins to degrade while he or she searches for increased pleasure from the drug or behavior.

3) loss of control that occurs when the search for highs changes to a desire to avoid the withdrawal from the drug or behavior and, as a result, the individual loses the ability to control his or her behavior.

Pages: 159-160

143. Compare and contrast stimulants and depressants.

Answer: Stimulants generally increase the activity of the central nervous system and increase such functions as heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity. Depressants have the opposite effect on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Stimulants tend to be psychologically addictive but not physically addictive, while depressants are generally both. Both types of drugs can be dangerous and even lethal when abused.

Pages: 163-167

144. What is the main purpose of binge drinking? Explain why binge drinking is dangerous.

Answer: The main problem is that the purpose of binge drinking is to get drunk. When drunkenness occurs, risks of accidental death or injury increase, as do risks of sexual assault and out-of-control behavior. Also damaging, although less dangerous, are the social errors people commit when drunk. A continued pattern of binge drinking can lead to substandard performance at school or on the job.

Page: 176-177

145. Explain why hot coffee, a brisk walk, or a cold shower are ineffective ways to sober up.

Answer: The body removes alcohol from the bloodstream by oxidizing it; this process occurs at a constant rate and can’t be speeded up or slowed down. Coffee drinking or stimulating activities can raise the heart rate and increase blood flow to the extremities, but the alcohol remains in the system.

Page: 175

146. List the signs of acute alcohol intoxication and how you would cope with this event.

Answer: When an individual has been drinking heavily, you should look for signs that the individual cannot be aroused; has a weak, rapid pulse; has an unusual or irregular breathing pattern; or has cool or possibly damp, pale, or bluish skin. Coping with this emergency should include immediately calling 911 and positioning the individual on his side to prevent choking in the likelihood of vomiting.

Page: 175

147. List practical strategies related to drinking responsibly.

Answer: Don’t make getting drunk the goal, or drinking the focus of your activity. Eat food before drinking. Set a limit on the number of drinks you will consume. Limit alcoholic drinks to one an hour, and drink water or soda in between. Don’t use alcohol to manage your

feelings such as stress, boredom, anger, or loneliness. When going to a party or bar, have a designated driver. Don’t leave your drinks unattended.

Page: 182

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