pages 93-97. connective tissue the most abundant type of tissue! collagen is a major protein found...
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Pages 93-97
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Connective TissueThe most abundant type of tissue!
Collagen is a major protein found in connective tissueAlso the most common protein found in the body
Functions:Provides protectionBinds body tissues togetherSupports the body
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Vascularity – blood supplyVariations in blood supply
Some are well vascularizedSome have a poor blood supply or are
avascular; Examples include: tendons, ligaments
As a result, these take longer to heal
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The Extracellular Matrix (ECM)a unique and distinguishing characteristic
of connective tissue
Nonliving material that surrounds living cellsGelatinous-like materialSecreted by the connective tissue cells
Composed of two main components:Ground SubstanceFibers
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Ground Substance Secreted by connective tissue
cells Similar to cytosol in composition and
function
Composed of: mostly water adhesion proteins polysaccharides
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FibersSecreted by connective tissue cells
Three types:1.Collagen (white) fibers
Allow CT to withstand pulling/tension
2.Elastic (yellow) fibers Contain elastin- allows stretching
3.Reticular fibers (a type of collagen) Short fibers that create a mesh-like network
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Connective Tissue TypesFrom most rigid to softest, (or most fluid):
BoneCartilageDense connective tissueLoose connective tissueBlood
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BONEKnown as osseous tissueProduced by Osteocytes (bone cells)A Hard matrix of calcium saltsFunctions to protect and support the body
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Figure 3.19a Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Bone cellsin lacunae
Centralcanal
Lacunae
Lamella
(a) Diagram: Bone Photomicrograph: Cross-sectionalview of ground bone (165×)
BONE
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CARTILAGEmore flexible than bone
Found in only a few places in the bodyProduced by Chondrocytes (cartilage cell)Three types of cartilage:
Hyaline (most abundant; larynx, intercostal, bone ends)
Elastic (external ear and epiglottis)Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs; pubic
symphysis)
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Figure 3.19b Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Chondrocyte(cartilage cell)
Chondrocytein lacuna
Matrix
Lacunae
Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilagefrom the trachea (400×)
(b) Diagram: Hyalinecartilage
HYALINE CARTILAGE
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Figure 3.19c Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Chondro-cytes inlacunae
Collagenfibers
Chondrocytesin lacunae
Collagen fiber
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of anintervertebral disc (150×)
(c) Diagram: Fibrocartilage
FIBROCARTILAGE
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DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUEStrong, ropelike structuresMain matrix element is collagen fiber made
by fibroblastsLocations:
Tendons—attach skeletal muscle to bone Ligaments—attach bone to bone at Dermis—lower layer of the skin
Found where strength of interconnection is required
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Figure 3.19d Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Ligament
(d) Diagram: Densefibrous
Photomicrograph: Dense fibrousconnective tissue from a tendon (475×)
Collagenfibers
Nuclei offibroblasts
Nuclei offibroblasts
Collagenfibers
Tendon
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Ligament And Tendon
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LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUEsofter tissues; less fibrousprovide cushioning, reduce friction, allow
stretchingThree types:
Areolar: wraps and secures organs Lamina propria: areolar layer that underlies all
mucous membranesAdipose: fat cells; energy storage; insulationReticular: provides structural framework for
organs/glands
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Figure 3.19e Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Mucosaepithelium
Laminapropria
Fibers ofmatrix
Nuclei offibroblasts
Elasticfibers
CollagenfibersFibroblastnuclei
(e) Diagram: Areolar Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue,a soft packaging tissue of the body (270×)
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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Figure 3.19f Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Nuclei offat cells
Vacuolecontainingfat droplet
Vacuolecontainingfat droplet
Nuclei offat cells
(f) Diagram: Adipose Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from thesubcutaneous layer beneath the skin (570×)
ADIPOSE TISSUE
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Figure 3.19g Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Spleen
(g) Diagram: Reticular Photomicrograph: Dark-staining networkof reticular connective tissue (400×)
ReticularcellBloodcellReticularfibers
White blood cell(lymphocyte)
Reticular fibers
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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BLOODBlood cells = red and white
surrounded by fluid matrix known as blood plasma
Soluble fibers are visible only during clottingFunction: transport vehicle for the CV system;
delivers: Nutrients Wastes Respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
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Figure 3.19h Connective tissues and their common body locations.
Photomicrograph: Smear of humanblood (1290×)
(h) Diagram: Blood
Blood cellsin capillary
Whiteblood cell
Redblood cells
Neutrophil (white bloodcell)
Red bloodcells
Monocyte(white bloodcell)
BLOOD