The Nature of Chemistry

Packet #1

ChemistryThe study of the

composition, structure, and properties of matter.

Chemistry also studies the changes that matter undergoes.

Fields of ChemistryInorganic Chemistry

The study of chemicals, in general, that do not contain carbon

Organic ChemistryStudy of chemicals containing carbon

Analytical ChemistryComposition of matter

Physical ChemistryInvestigates the mechanism, rate and energy transfer

that occurs when matter undergoes changeBiochemistry

Study of processes that occur within organisms

ChemicalSubstance that is

the same no matter where it is found.More details to

come later.Instruments used in

chemistry, such as x-rays or electron microscopes, are used to identify chemicals.

Chemicals IIWhere are chemicals

found?Everywhere

Toothpaste Hair gel Soap Shaving cream Shoes Clothing Hand sanitizer

Chemicals IIIHow do you depend

on chemicals on a daily basis?

Chemical ReactionsChemicals undergo

change.These changes occur

via chemical reactions.Cooking foodStriking a matchCar enginesRunningOpening a soda

bottle

Matter/Mass

Matter/MassMatter can be defined as

anything that occupies space and contains mass.

Chemical particles help make up matter and mass.

The arrangement of these particles determine certain properties of the matter.These are called

physical properties.

Matter & Physical Properties

States of MatterMatter can be found

in different states.SolidsLiquidsGases

SolidsHas a fixed volume

and shapeParticles are held in

a rigid state.There is little

vibration

LiquidsHas a fixed volume but

no shapeLiquids assume the

shape of whatever medium they are in.

Particles are not held together very well.The bonds, that hold

the particles together, break apart easily

Vibration of the particles is increased.

GasesHave no fixed

volume and no fixed shape.

Particles are weakly attracted to each other.

Particles move and vibrate at high speeds.

Physical Changes of Matter

Physical Changes of MatterPhysical changes are changes in which the

identity of a substance does not change.Physical changes are about energy and states of

matter.Example

When one steps on a can, and crushes it, a physical change occurs. The shape of the object has changed

Melting ice cube The shape of the object has changed Energy has been added {heat}

The molecules start to move faster and faster

Physical Changes in MatterMilk Before Milk After

Causes of Physical ChangesOne can use

different types of force to cause a physical changeMotionTemperaturePressure

Small Physical ChangesMelting a sugar

cubeThe substance is

still sugar Burning a sugar cube

results in a chemical change

Chemical Properties

Chemical ChangeIn a chemical

change, the identity of the substance changes and a new substance is formed

They happen on a much smaller scale.Molecular level

Chemical Change IISome are changes

are obvious.There is a color

change. When Iron (Fe) rusts

You can see it happen over a long period of time.

Burning of a sugar cube The fire breaks bonds

The sugar cube becomes blackened.

Chemical Change IIIWood Burning in

FireplaceChemical change

When the wood burns, heat is given off, gases leave and a residue of ashes remain.

The wood was changed into several new substances.

How are Chemical Changes Represented?Chemical changes are represented via a

chemical reaction.Sometimes, a series of chemical reactions must

occur.Chemical reactions are represented by a

chemical equationReactants Products

Mercury (II) oxide Mercury + Oxygen

Chemical ReactionsThere are two parts

to a chemical reactionReactions

What the scientist puts in

Products What the scientist

gets out of the process

Evidence of Chemical ChangesThe formation of gasFormation of precipitate

When two clear solutions, when mixed together, become cloudy

The release or absorption of energyChange in temperature

Change in colorNew odor produced

ReviewStudents make their own concept maps in

regards to material provided.