p4-presentation malone-lee 23rd may 2013 for iscu kl
TRANSCRIPT
8/13/2019 p4-Presentation Malone-Lee 23rd May 2013 for ISCU KL
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World’s urban population is growing
Source: United Nations (2008), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision
29.130.9
32.934.7
3637.3
39.140.9
4344.7
46.648.6
50.652.7 54.9
57.259.7
62.264.7
67.269.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Percentage of urban population (%)
World Afica Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania
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Source: United Nations (2008), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision
Asia and Africa are urbanizing more rapidly than the
other regions
Asia1.42%
Asia1.66%
Asia1.24%
Asia1.04%
-0.50%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
1950-1975 1975-2007 2007-2025 2025-2050
Rate of urbanization by region
Africa Asia Europe Latin America & the Caribbean Northen America Oceania
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Source: htt ://www.cit ma ors.com/statistics/lar est-cities-densit -125.html
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
M u m b a i
K o l k a t a
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I n c h e o n
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C h e n n a i
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h a n g h a i
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T i a n j i n
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i n h C i t y
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o P a u l o
S t P e t e r s b u r g
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S
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S i n g a p o r e
L a h o r e
R e c i f e
I s t a n b u l
D a l i a n
K h a r t o u m
R i o d e
J a n e i r o
M
o n t e r e y
B
a n g k o k
O s a k a / K o b
e / K y o t o
H o n g K o n g
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d a l a j a r a
A t h e n s
A n k a r a
M a d r i d
L o n d o n
T e l A v i v
S
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B u e n o s A i r e s
M o s c o w
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Top 50 Largest cities in the world ranked by population densityDensity (people per sqKm)
TOP 50 LARGEST CITIES IN THE WORLD RANKED BY
POPULATION DENSITY (Persons Per Sq Km)
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Urban Stress
The conditions of the man-made environment asexperienced in high-risemassive buildings, auditorynoise, urban transportationsystems are integral to themanifestation of urban stress(Cappon, 1977)
The impact on quality of life(loss of wellbeing) affectingmental health when people’slevel of stress increase dueto daily hassles such as
annoyances that areoccurring continuously orrepeatedly in the city arisingfrom density, noise andcommuting (Krupat, 1985)
•
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Wellbeing : various definitions
May simply be defined as “basic needs” such as “health”,
the deprivation of which can lead to “serious harm” (Doyal &
Gough, 1991)
May look beyond basic needs to include other aspects of
life such as family life, work relationships….to also
embrace people’s ability to pursue their goals, to thrive
and “feel satisfied” with their life (OECD, 2011)
May refer to happiness, life satisfaction or freedom (Welsch
and Kuhling, 2009) Also associated with intellectual, spiritual and cultural
pleasure (May, 2007)
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Questions
From an urban planning perspective, how do we respond
to increasing stress or pressures in the urbanenvironment that affect wellbeing?
How do we embrace the various definitions and
considerations of wellbeing as part of the urban planning
process?
What level or type of “influence” or “intervention” is
appropriate?
How do we integrate less tangible concerns into planningthinking and principles?
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3 Dimensions
Dimensions or perspectives that might enable us to
consider/ assess human wellbeing in the context of urbanplanning:
Resource and consumption perspective“Good Environment” or “dependency”
perspective
Social Capital perspective
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Resource and consumption
The argument is that the more goods and services are
attained, the higher is a person’s well-being (Magrabi, 1991)
Income is the most commonly used parameter for
assessment of how well an individual or society is doing
The rationale is that many of the contributing factors to
well-being such as housing, healthcare services,
education services, etc. can be “bought” in the market
(Squire, 1991), and hence, the availability of income is seen
as representing the ability to purchase, acquire andenjoy such goods and services
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“ Good Environment” Human biological functions have a fundamental need
for food, water, clean air, shelter and relative climaticconstancy to survive and thrive
“Good” environment is a prerequisite for humanwellbeing because people are dependent on the
biosphere and ecosystems to function well This is also associated with various non-material
benefits, e.g. opportunities for recreation, aestheticappreciation, inspiration, psychological wellbeing,
scientific pursuits and education, improvement ofmental health, enhancing a sense of culture,advancing knowledge, etc. (WHO, 2005) all of whichcontribute to individual wellbeing and enrichment
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Social Capital People are social creatures and would be
far better if supported by others in the
community
Studies have affirmed that people with
extensive and supportive networks are
more likely to be employed, to have
better career progression, to be paidmore, to have better mental health, to be
less affected by stress, to successfully
recover from health shocks and to live
longer in general (OECD, 2011)
“social capital”, defined by the stock of relationship, organizations, shared values
and knowledge and trust, etc. in society. (Putman, 2000)
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Parks/urbanspaces Mobility
Sense of
Belonging
Employment
Health
Culture
home
Recreation
Climate
Infrastructure
Housing
SchoolsHospitals
Places ofworship
CommunityCentres Cinema,theatres
Markets
shops
Air
Shed
Energy
Agriculture
wellbeing
Neighbourli
ness
Population
Industries
Commerce
Land
water
Waste
Forests
Educatio
n
Creativity
Roads/rails
Safety
Offices
Natureareas
Stress
Inducers
Stress
Inducers© Malone-Lee 2013
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Well-being approach from the Planning
Perspective
Defining well-being? Happiness (sensual, intellectual, spiritual and cultural, life
satisfaction
Freedom (personal & societal, family ties, social participation,etc.)
Inner (Wellbeing)domains Income, consumption & leisure
Social relationship
Health
Safety and social vitality
Society, culture and justice
Education, literacy, skills,training
Employment and working
conditions
Inner (Wellbeing)domains Income, consumption & leisure
Social relationship
Health
Safety and social vitality
Society, culture and justice
Education, literacy, skills,training
Employment and working
conditions
ResourceDomains
Eco-systems
Natural resource capital
Knowledge capital
Infrastructure andproduction capital
ResourceDomains
Eco-systems
Natural resource capital
Knowledge capital
Infrastructure andproduction capital
Means of Influencing
Prioritizing
Planning Policies and
StrategiesLand use planning
Infrastructure development
Amenities provision
Regulatory Regimes
Participatory/stakeholdersregime
© Malone-Lee 2013
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Analyzing and Prioritizing in DPSIR
Drivers
Economic growthPopulation
Urbanizaation
Consumption
Pressure
density
State
Crowdedness, Congestion
Air and Water Quality
ImpactHealth
Work-Life BalanceSafety
Response
Regulations
Pricing
Direct or Associative causes
Quality of the
environment
Policies andTargets
Prioritize actions
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Housing Planning
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Ownership
Quality of Life
Affordability
Friends &Neighbors
Belonging
Health
Aging
Land
Buildings &
Houses
Services Amenities
Infrastructure
Estate
Upgrading
Neighborhoods
Accessibility
Urban Renewal
Community-Participation
Governance
Management
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Park Planning
The 62 hectare Ang Mo
Kio-Bishan Park was once
home to a 2.7km stretch of
the Kallang River which
was channelled through a
straight concrete canal
Atelier Dreiseitl and
CH2MHill have converted
this waterway into a
winding stream which
meanders through
greenery and foliage
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Bringing back biodiversity
Enhancing ecological functions
Images courtesy of Atelier Dreiseitl Asia
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Serving the community
Images courtesy of Atelier Dreiseitl Asia
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Hospital Planning
Khoo Teck Puat
Hospital is a
550-bed acutecare hospital
Serves more
than 600,000
residents in the
northern regionof Singapore
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Vertical Landscapes
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Designed as a garden
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Extending the Grounds
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Wellbeing in Planning
Going forward
• Planning for multi-
functionality
• Creating Opportunities
and Diversity
• Identify wellbeing
multipliers, keystones
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