p p t on grammar by tcyonline
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This PPT tells you how to tackle with grammar questions in CAT 2009. Ample of PPTs of this type on every topic of CAT 2009 are available on www.tcyonline.comTRANSCRIPT
MODALS, AUXILLARIES, ADVERBS, ADJECTIVES and TENSE
GRAMMAR LECTURE – 3
WHAT?Modal is an auxiliary verb that is used with another verb to indicate its mood, as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would: it has no special form in the third person singular and no present or past participle. May, might; can, could; shall, should; will would; ought; need; dare; are called modal auxiliaries because they are used to form certain moods for which English has no inflected verb form.
MODALS AND AUXILLARIES
MODALS
PERMISSIONTHEORITICAL POSSIBILITY
ABILITY
CAN
I CAN ALWAYS MAKE YOU SMILE
CAN I EAT MY FOOD IN HERE?
ANYBODY CAN MAKE MISTAKES.
MODALS
I could speak for another hour or so.
I could never listen to lectures in my school days.
PASTABILITY
COULD
CONTINGENT POSSIBILITY
May I come in?
It may rain today.
Might I smoke in here?
What you say might be true?
PERMISSION
MAY
FACTUALPOSSIBILITY
PERMISSION(Rare usage)
MIGHT
POSSIBILITY(SPECIFIC)
He shall get his dues.We shall let you know our decision.He shall be punished.
He should listen to his elders.I 'am surprised that such a tragedy should happen to you.
OBLIGATION
SHOULD
PITY
WILLINGNESS
SHALL
INTENTION INSITANCE
Habitual
Necessity
Intention
Willingness
Will/Would
• Will you please break open the piggy bank?• I will do better in my next exam.• We will reach on time.• Oil will float on water.
OBLIGATION
MUST
NECESSITY
OBLIGATION
OUGHT TO
NECESSITY EXPECTATION
ADJECTIVES
• Tell us the quality of the Noun or pronoun.
• It may also point out quantity of the Noun or Pronoun.
Example: There are 3 tiered wedding cakes on display in the baker’s shop.
DEGREES
COMPARITIVE : BETWEEN TWO
• FEWER vs. LESS
SUPERLATIVE : ALL
ADVERB
Are those phrases that modify/describe:
• ADJECTIVES
• VERBS
• OTHER ADVERBS
Example:
He drove a very fast car.
He drove slowly.
He brought the car very quickly to a halt.
TENSES
Tenses Simple Continuous PerfectPerfect
Continuous
Present
Active I call I am calling I have called …………..
Passive I am called I am being called
I have been called I have been calling
Past
Active I called I was calling I had called …………..
Passive I was called I was being called
I had been called I had been calling
Future
Active I shall call ………. I shall have called …………..
Passive I shall be called
I shall be calling I shall have been called
I shall have been calling