P. P. MAHALE

---------

ORIG MS MS

terminating MS

Short msg sender

BSS

GSM n/w

Fig. GSM short msg service network architecture

GSM N/W

IWM

SC

SM-SC

Sms

GMSCMSC

SIM

Sms protocol hierarchy consist if four layer:

SM-AL(application layer):-

SM-TL( transfer layer):-

SM-RL(relay layer):-

CM-sub(connection manager sub layer):-

Other protocol include telocator alphanumeric input

protocol & telocator data protocol.

Layers below sub layer are mobility management(MM)

& the radio resource(RR) management sub layer.

In RR sub layer short msg service is supported by a

control channel such as SDCCH or SACCH.

SMS MS-MSC protocol hierarchy (mobile origination)

Provides services to transfer SM-AL short message & corresponding delivery report

Generate a reference number SMI (short message identifier)

Types of transfer protocol data units (TPDUs)

SMS-SUBMIT:-

o conveys short msg, TP-DU(transfer msg user data from MS to SM-SC )

o Validity period buffered in SM-SC, if not delivered

SMS-DELIVER:-

o Conveys SM-SC to MS, TPDU includes service centre timestamp

o Timestamp used to inform recipient MS time arrival, more send

SMS-STATUS-REPORT:-

o Conveys report SM-SC to MS, report shows status sent msg

o Msg not send then shows error, initiated by SMS-SUBMIT

SMS-COMMAND:-

o Conveys command MS to SM-SC.

o Command can be query msg of submit, cancel or delete msg

SMS-SUBMIT Parameters:

• MTI(m tune indicator):

• RD(reject duplicates):

• VPF(validity period format):

• SRR(status report request):

• UDHI(user data header indicator):

• RP(reply path):

Provides services to transfer TPDUs and delivery reports for SM-TL

Generate SM-RL SMI for every short message.

SM-RP provides interworking function betwn MS, SM-SC

Types of RPDUs-

RP-DATA- originating & terminating address

RP-SM-MEMORY-AVAILABLE

RP-ACK

RP-ERROR

Provides services to support the SM-RL.

MS has two SMC entity one handles MO & other MT.

SM-CP consist of

CP-DATA: MNSMS-ESTablish to deliver RPDU betwn MS & MSC

CP-ACK:

CP-ERROR: it provide cause of msg procedure errors.

o MNSMS-ESTablish:

-- To establish MM connection and transfer RPDU on that establish with SMC & SMR.

o MNSMS-DATA:

-- Transfer RPDU on MM connection

o MNSMS-Release:

-- SMS is delivered completely, MM connection is released

o MNSMS-ABORT:

o MNSMS-ERROR:

Mobile-originated short messaging (part-I)

Fig: MM-connection establishment for mobile originated messaging

Step 3(a)-: “short msg service”.

Step 3(b)-: -- sent to VLR.

-- delivered through SS7 n/w by using SS7 TCAP.

Step 3(c)-: VLR checks, send ack MSC req

Step 3(d)-: MSC forward the acceptance.

Step 4:

It sets timer TC1 receive result before expires

If expires transmission three times, not successful,

the error reported.

Step 5: TC1 timer reset, SMS-SUBMIT request is

forwarded

Step 6: TR2N expects to receive SMS-STETUS-REPORT.

Step 7:

VLR req subscriber-related information.

It check req violates services or if restriction imposed

Mobile-originated short messaging (part 2)

Step 8: VLR ack request positively or provide error

Step 9: if VLR is +ve then msg is sent

Mobile-terminated short messaging (part 1)

Mobile-terminated short messaging (part 2)

Mobile-terminated short messaging (part 3)

Step 21: MSC received SMS-STATUS-REPORT, the result is included

in the msg

MAP_FORWARD_SHORT_MESSAGE_ack

Step 22: SMS GMSC invoke the procedure for delivery report.

The SMS GMSC may take action for other failures/errors.

Scenario 1: T to T(john in singapore)

Scenario 2: caller( hong cong) charged HC to Taiwan.

& john charged T to S.

Scenario 3: call delivery result in two international call is referred as tromboning.

ISC(international s/w centers)

ISC offers internetworking fn bet national & international n/w.

International call path composed: origination country, international n/w, destination cntry.

ISCA+CC+MSISDN+NDC+SN

PSTN s/w–- ISC B–- ISC C–- GMSC D

GMSC D queries HLR E to obtain MSRN

HLR E queries VLR F

MSRN return to GMSC D

International call set up procedure

1.2 Singapore

1.3 3.2

6.1 4.2

6.2 1.1

3.3 4.1

Taiwan

6.3

6.3

GMSC

DISC C

(Taiwan)

ISC B

(Singapore)

HLR E VLR F

MSC

G

PSTN

s/w

A

4.

3

3.

1

2 5

6.

3

1

To avoid unnecessary trunk setups, an IAM msgshould not travel across country boundaries before the destination is known.

The solution utilized only existing msg with prefix MAP_.

We implement RLC in first sol.

RLC in visited system maintains a database containing's the record of international roamer.

registration procedure (sol 1)

singapore

Taiwan

HLR

ISC C

Taiwan

ISC B

Singapore

RLC

RLC

MSC

3

5 4

53 2

1

1

1

Call delivery (sol 1) & (sol 2)

Jenny

John

PSTN

s/w

A

ISC B

(singapore)

RLC

VLR

MSC

1

4

3

2

4

1

Solution 2: registration procedure (sol 2)

singapore

1

ISC C

(Taiwan)

ISC B

(singapore)

HLR

HLR

HLR

MSC A

s/w D

3 4

1

1

4

3

34

2

Solution 3: registration procedure (sol 3)

ISC C

(Taiwan)

extractor

ISC B

(singapore)

HLR

RLC

VLR

s/w D

MSC

A

1

4

1

4

2

4

1

32

International roamer access code(IRAC)

NDC1+CC+NDC2+SN

Bidirectional signaling path betn GMSC & roamers HLR

To fulfill the GMSC must:

1. Able to connect more than one SS7 signaling n/w

2. Be equipped with GTT that translate MSISDN into n/w

indicator, point code & subsystem number

3. Be able to route an international MSRN into national n/w

Advantage is VLR is not modified & no new n/w required

Cost effective bcoz RLC is not required

Limitation is many MSC may not required functionality

TMN (telecommunication management network):

Operations system(OS): overall TMN management

Network element(NE): monitored or controlled

Data communication n/w(DCN): OS, NE & TMN

Mediation device(MD): to route or pass info.

Q-adaptor(QA): to connect non TMN entities.

Workstation(WS): interacts the op/mntnce with OS.

Forwarding of event notification:

Emit event notifications to OS.

Event Report System management.

Event forwarding Discriminator(EFD).

Information logging:

Info generate by May be stored in record file store

Log Controls systems Mgmt Function

Bulk data transfer between the OS & NE:

Data transfer between OS NE uses the Common Mgmt Info Services

CMISE controls of File Transfer Access & mgmt(FTAM)

Tariff administrator:

Billing:

Accounting:

Inter-PLMN(public land mobile n/w):

Fixed n/w accounting:

Customer accounting:

Data collection:

OS collect data from NEs thr data transfer control

Record may save in log files

Record may passed to OS & controlled by event

reporting fn

a b c d

e f OSF

tariff & charging admin

G log cntrl

j event report log record

event report

internal file transfer

H event

report gen cntrl

l

telocommn event

i

Aoc parameter

OSF

service

provisin

OSF

Billing

OSF

accoun

ting

Cust

admin

Tariff

admi

n

Data

collec

tion

Tariff

admi

n

Tarrif

data

Onlin

e

tarrif

Data

gener

n cntrl

Real

time

event

colln

Tariff

admi

n

Reco

rd

class

Event

forwa

rdingCall

recor

ding

fn

Record

filestore

log

Measurement attr modification in loc update:

MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION

MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION_ACK

(a)Modify

measurement attr

attLocation

update

(b)Modify

measurement attr

succLocation

Update

Location

update

operation in

HLR

VLR

(HLR measurement object class containment)

Measurement types:

attLocationUpdate:

succLocationUpdate:

Measured n/w resource:

Measurement functions:

Measurement schedule:

Granularity period:

Scan report:

hlrFunction

simpleScanner hlrMeasurementFunction

Number portability is a n/w fun that allows a subscriber to keep a “unique” telephone number.

Three kinds of number portability

Location portability:

Service portability: “NPA-NXX-XXXX”

Operator portability:

Caller party pays in US

Caller party pays in Taiwan & UK.

Donor s/w: a telephone no. is assigned to a s/w.

Recipient s/w: telephone no. is changed another s/w

Fixed –Network Number Portability

Call forwarding

Call drop-back

Query on release

All call Query

P represents the percentage of call termination.

Ct represents the cost for switching & transmission elements.

OFTEL estimates

• Ct to be $50/min for fixed n/w

• For mobile n/w 90/min

• Signaling cost $0.7/min

• Trunk drop-in query on release Cd is $18/min

Cost for switching & transmission elements.

OFTEL also estimates the signaling cost

For nonported call termination, no extra cost is incurred

Query on release & call drop back required signaling interaction & call forwarding utilizes trunk/transmission resources of the donor s/w.

For number probability initial system setup is required, this setup includes cost

System development

Network management

Line testing

Operator services

Billing information

Exchanges overlay

Maintenance & support.

For routing information

Per line setup cost when moving a ported number

Closing old acc & opening new acc

Fixed n/w ported no. is estimated more cost than mobile no. estimation cost

Cost for ported no. is not higher than non ported no.

No. portability is treated as “default function”.

Depend upon telecommunication policies, diff countries may have diff decision for cost recovery.

The donor & recipient operators should bear their own cost.

It associated with two numbers:

Directory no.(MSISDN)- MDN

Identification no.(IMSI)- MIN

The MIN/MDN is format NPA-NXX-XXXX.

The first six digits if for identify home system of MS.

The impact no. probability on MN is considered in

three aspects:

Location update: (IMSI or MIN)

Mobile call origination: MSC equipped routing

mechanism

Mobile call termination:

Simplified GSM call termination procedure

Restrictions-

1. The GMSC must be in the call path for the provision

of special feature & service, as well as for billing.

2. The originating switch does not have the capability to

query the HLR d/b, which must be done by GMSC

A tromboning effect may occur if both the calling party

and the called MS are in the same city & GMSC is

located in different city.

SRF(signaling relay function)- provide routing

information for ported numbers.

IRN(Intermediate routing number)- consist of calling

party number that indicates the recipient GMSC

Signaling relay approach 1

Signaling relay approach 2

Tromboning trunk setup in Signaling relay approach 2

All-call-query approach 1

All-call-query approach 2